Over the last 30 years, child and family scholars and practitioners have increasingly recognized the foundational role of parental emotions in guiding parenting behaviors. This chapter delineates the ways in which parents’ emotional processes (including emotion regulation) are inextricably intertwined with even the quickest and most automatic parenting behaviors. We review the extant literature on parental emotion regulation, including studies of parents’ general emotion dysregulation, use of emotion regulation strategies, and emotion-related physiological processes during parent–child interaction. Throughout this review, we make note of leaps forward as well as remaining gaps in the science. Finally, we propose three major areas for the next phase of research linking parent emotion regulation and parenting behavior: (1) reframing our thinking away from general negative affect or dysregulation models and toward a consideration of specific emotions; (2) increasing attention to regulation of positively valenced emotions like joy, contentment, pride, and awe; and (3) embracing multimethod approaches that incorporate ecologically valid methodology.