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- English as a Global Language , pp. 192 - 201Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003
References
Achebe, Chinua. 1964. Morning yet on Creation Day. London: Heinemann
Adams, Douglas. 1979. The hitch-hiker's guide to the galaxy. London: Pan
Adams, John. 1780. Letter to the President of Congress (5 September 1780). In C. Adams. F, The works of John Adams. Boston: Little, Brown, 1852
. 1995a. Variation in the use of complex verbs in international English. English Today 42, 28–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1998b. Grammatical variation in international English. English Today 56, 19–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsopp, Richard. 1996. Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press
, and . 1998. Why you talk like that? The pragmatics of a why construction in Singapore English. English World-Wide 19, 247–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous [Joe Klein]. 1996. Primary colors. New York: Random House
Avis, Walter S., Crate, Charles, Drysdale, Patrick, Leechman, Douglas and Scargill, M. H. 1967. A dictionary of Canadianisms on historical principles. Toronto: Gage
Bailey, Richard W. 1991. Images of English: a cultural history of the language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Baker, Colin and Prys Jones, Sylvia. 1998. Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Bamgbose, Ayo. Ed. 2000. Sociolinguistics in West Africa. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
Bansal, R. K. 1990. The pronunciation of English in India. In S. Ramsaran (ed.), Studies in the pronunciation of English. London: Routledge, 219–30
Bauer, Laurie. 1983. English word formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bauer, Laurie 1994. English in New Zealand. In Burchfield (1994), 382–429
Baumgardner, Robert J. Ed. 1993. The English language in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press
Bautista, Maria Lourdes S. Ed. 1997. English is an Asian language: the Philippine context. Sydney: Macquarie Library
Biber, Douglas, Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan and Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Longman
and 1985. Non-native patterns of English syllable timing. Journal of Phonetics 13, 407–20Google Scholar
Branford, Jean and Branford, William. 1978/91. A dictionary of South African English. Cape Town: Oxford University Press
Brazil, David. 1995. A grammar of speech. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Brenzinger, Matthias. Ed. 1998. Endangered languages in Africa. Cologne: Rüdiger Köper
Bright, William. Ed. 1992. International encyclopedia of linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
British Council. 1995. English in the world: the English 2000 global consultation. London: The British Council
British Council. 1997. English language teaching. London: The British Council
Burchfield, Robert. Ed. 1994. Cambridge history of the English language, Vol. V. English in Britain and overseas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Burridge, Kate and Mulder, Jean. 1998. English in Australia and New Zealand: an introduction to its history, structure and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Business Week. 1996. A World Wide Web for tout le monde. Business Week, 1 April 1996
Byford, Mark. 2001. BBC World Service: annual review 2000–1. London: BBC
Cassidy, F. G. 1982. Geographical variation of English in the United States. In Richard W. Bailey and Manfred Görlach (eds.), English as a world language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 177–209
Cassidy, F. G. and Le Page, R. B. Eds. 1967. Dictionary of Jamaican English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Chesterfield, Lord [Philip Dormer Stanhope]. 1754. Letter to The World, 28 November 1754
CILT [Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research] 2002. Speaking up for languages. London: CILT
Civil Aviation Authority. 2002. Radiotelephony manual, 12th edn. London: Civil Aviation Authority
Columbia encyclopedia, The. 1993. New York: Columbia University Press
Commission on Global Governance. 1995. Ingvar Carlsson and Sridath Ramphal (co-chairmen), Our global neighbourhood. New York: United Nations
Coulmas, Florian. 1992. Language and economy. Oxford: Blackwell
Crisell, Andrew. 2002. An introductory history of British broadcasting, 2nd edn. London: Routledge
Crystal, David. 1969. Prosodic systems and intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crystal, David 1995a. The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crystal, David 1995b. Documenting rhythmical change. In J. Windsor-Lewis (ed.), Studies in general and English phonetics. London: Routledge, 174–9
Crystal, David 1996. The past, present and future of English rhythm. In M. Vaughan-Rees (ed.), Changes in pronunciation, Newsletter of the IATEFL Pronunciation Special Interest Group. Whitstable: International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, 8–13
Crystal, David 1998. Language play. Harmondsworth: Penguin
. 1999/2000. On trying to be crystal-clear: a response to Phillipson. European English Messenger 8 (1), 1999, 59–65; expanded in Applied Linguistics 21, 2000, 415–23Google Scholar
Crystal, David 2000. Language death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crystal, David 2001. Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
. 2001. Ghanaisms: towards a semantic and a formal classification. English World-Wide 22 (1), 23–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalby, Andrew. 2002. Language in danger. Harmondsworth: Penguin
De Houwer, Annick. 1995. Bilingual language acquisition. In Paul Fletcher and Brian MacWhinney (eds.), The handbook of child language. Oxford: Blackwell, 219–50
1994. The intonation of Singapore English. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 24, 61–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickens, Charles. 1842/68. American notes. London: Hazell, Watson and Viney
Dillon, Nancy. 1999. Web should prepare for a non-English majority. Computerworld, 14 June
Dunstan, E. Ed. 1969. Twelve Nigerian languages. London: Longmans Green
Dyja, Eddie. Ed. 2001. BFI film and television handbook: 2002. London: British Film Institute
Eco, Umberto. 1995. The search for the perfect language. Oxford: Blackwell
Elliott, Blanche B. 1962. A history of English advertising. London: Business Books
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1986. Publishing. Macropaedia, Vol. XXVI. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 457–92
Encyclopaedia Britannica 2002. Britannica Book of the Year. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Ethnologue. 1988, 1992. Ethnologue: the languages of the world. 11th, 12th, 13th edns. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics
European Commission. 2002a. European Year of Languages 2001: some highlights. Brussels: European Commission, Language Policy Unit
European Commission. 2002b. Languages in Europe. http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/languages/lang/europeanlanguages.html
and . 2001. Language in post-colonial Hong Kong: the roles of English and Chinese in the public and private sectors. English World-Wide 22, 247–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A., Conrad, Andrew and Rubal-Lopez, Alma. Eds. 1996. Post-imperial English. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter
Foley, James A. Ed. 1999. English in new cultural contexts. New York: Oxford University Press
Gandhi, Mohandas K. 1958. Evil wrought by the English medium. Ahmedabad: Navajivan
Giles, H. and Smith, P. 1979. Accommodation theory: optimal levels of convergence. In H. Giles and R. St Clair (eds.), Language and social psychology. Oxford: Blackwell, 45–65
Gopinathan, Saravanan, Pakir, Anne, Kam, Ho Wah and Saravanan, Vanithamani. Eds. 1998. Language, society and education in Singapore: issues and trends, 2nd edn. Singapore: Times Academic Press
Görlach, Manfred. 1995. Dictionaries of transplanted Englishes. In Manfred Görlach, More Englishes: new studies in varieties of English 1988–1994. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 124–63
Görlach, Manfred 2002. Ed. English in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Goundry, Norman. 2001. Why Unicode won't work on the Internet: linguistic, political and technical limitations. http://www.hastingsresearch.com/net/04-unicode-limitations.shtml
Graddol, David. 1998. The future of English. London: The British Council
Graddol, David. 1999. The decline of the native speaker. In David Graddol and Ulrike H. Meinhof (eds.), English in a changing world. AILA Review 13, 57–68
Grant Thornton. 2002. European business survey. London: Grant Thornton
Gronow, Pekka, Saunio, Ilpo and Moseley, Christopher. 1998. An international history of the recording industry. London: Continuum
Harrison, Deborah Sears and Trabasso, Tom. Eds. 1976. Black English: a seminar. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
Herriman, Michael and Burnaby, Barbara. Eds. 1996. Language policies in English-dominant countries. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Hughes, Joan. Ed. 1989. The concise Australian national dictionary. Melbourne: Oxford University Press
Hume, David. 1767. Letter to Edward Gibbon (24 October 1767). In J. Y. T. Greig (ed.), The letters of David Hume, Vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932
Janson, Tore. 2002. Speak: a short history of languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Johnson, Edward. 1993. PoliceSpeak: police communications and language and the Channel Tunnel. Cambridge: PoliceSpeak Publications
. 2000. Patterns of Nigerian English intonation. English World-Wide 21 (1), 63–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, Braj. 1985. Institutionalized second-language varieties. In Sidney Greenbaum (ed.), The English language today. Oxford: Pergamon, 211–26
Kachru, Braj. 1986. The alchemy of English. Oxford: Pergamon
Kachru, Braj. 1994. English in South Asia. In Burchfield (1994), 497–553
Kachru, Braj. 2001. World Englishes and culture wars. In T. C. Kiong, A. Pakir, B. K. Choon and R. B. H. Goh (eds.), Ariels: departures and returns: essays for Edwin Thumboo. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 392–414
Kemp, J. A. 1972. John Wallis's grammar of the English language. London: Longman
Lanham, L. W. 1990. Stress and intonation and the intelligibility of South African Black English. In S. Ramsaran (ed.), Studies in the pronunciation of English. London: Routledge, 243–60
Large, Andrew. 1983. The foreign-language barrier. London: Deutsch
Laver, John. 1994. Principles of phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
1999. The functions and status of English in Hong Kong: a post-1997 update. English World-Wide 20, 67–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linguistic Society of America. 1996. Statement on language rights. In 1995 Annual Report. Washington: Linguistic Society of America
Lysandrou, Photis and Lysandrou, Yvonne. In press. Global English and proregression: understanding English language spread in the contemporary era. To appear in Economy and Society. Paper given to conference on ‘The cultural politics of English as a world language’, Freiburg, June 2001
McArthur, Tom. 1992. The Oxford companion to the English language. Oxford: Oxford University Press
McArthur, Tom. 1998. The English languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mencken, H. L. 1945. The American Language, Supplement 1. New York: Knopf
Mesthrie, Rajend. 1992a. English in language shift. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mesthrie, Rajend. 1992b. Lexicon of South African English. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press
Millar, David, Millar, Ian, Millar, John and Millar, Margaret. Eds. 1989. Chambers concise dictionary of scientists. Edinburgh: Chambers
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2002. Colonization, globalization, and the future of languages in the twenty-first century. Translated paper based on a contribution to a UNESCO debate, Paris, September 2001
Mulcaster, Richard. 1582. The first part of the Elementarie. Ed. E. T. Campagnac. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. 1986. Decolonising the mind. London: Heinemann/Currey
Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. Ed. 1996. The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford: Oxford University Press
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. 2000. Will the Internet always speak English? American Prospect, 11 (10), 27 March–10 AprilGoogle Scholar
Orsman, Harry W. 1997. The dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press
Parker, Geoffrey. Ed. 1986. The world: an illustrated history. London: Time Books
Pennycook, Alistair. 1994. The cultural politics of English as an international language. London: Longman
Pennycook, Alistair. 2001. Critical applied linguistics. New York: Erlbaum
Perry, Theresa and Delpit, Lisa. Eds. 1998. The real Ebonics debate: power, language, and the education of African-American children. Boston: Beacon
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Anonymous [Joe Klein]. 1996. Primary colors. New York: Random House
Avis, Walter S., Crate, Charles, Drysdale, Patrick, Leechman, Douglas and Scargill, M. H. 1967. A dictionary of Canadianisms on historical principles. Toronto: Gage
Bailey, Richard W. 1991. Images of English: a cultural history of the language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Baker, Colin and Prys Jones, Sylvia. 1998. Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Bamgbose, Ayo. Ed. 2000. Sociolinguistics in West Africa. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
Bansal, R. K. 1990. The pronunciation of English in India. In S. Ramsaran (ed.), Studies in the pronunciation of English. London: Routledge, 219–30
Bauer, Laurie. 1983. English word formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bauer, Laurie 1994. English in New Zealand. In Burchfield (1994), 382–429
Baumgardner, Robert J. Ed. 1993. The English language in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press
Bautista, Maria Lourdes S. Ed. 1997. English is an Asian language: the Philippine context. Sydney: Macquarie Library
Biber, Douglas, Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan and Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Longman
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Branford, Jean and Branford, William. 1978/91. A dictionary of South African English. Cape Town: Oxford University Press
Brazil, David. 1995. A grammar of speech. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Brenzinger, Matthias. Ed. 1998. Endangered languages in Africa. Cologne: Rüdiger Köper
Bright, William. Ed. 1992. International encyclopedia of linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
British Council. 1995. English in the world: the English 2000 global consultation. London: The British Council
British Council. 1997. English language teaching. London: The British Council
Burchfield, Robert. Ed. 1994. Cambridge history of the English language, Vol. V. English in Britain and overseas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Burridge, Kate and Mulder, Jean. 1998. English in Australia and New Zealand: an introduction to its history, structure and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Business Week. 1996. A World Wide Web for tout le monde. Business Week, 1 April 1996
Byford, Mark. 2001. BBC World Service: annual review 2000–1. London: BBC
Cassidy, F. G. 1982. Geographical variation of English in the United States. In Richard W. Bailey and Manfred Görlach (eds.), English as a world language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 177–209
Cassidy, F. G. and Le Page, R. B. Eds. 1967. Dictionary of Jamaican English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Chesterfield, Lord [Philip Dormer Stanhope]. 1754. Letter to The World, 28 November 1754
CILT [Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research] 2002. Speaking up for languages. London: CILT
Civil Aviation Authority. 2002. Radiotelephony manual, 12th edn. London: Civil Aviation Authority
Columbia encyclopedia, The. 1993. New York: Columbia University Press
Commission on Global Governance. 1995. Ingvar Carlsson and Sridath Ramphal (co-chairmen), Our global neighbourhood. New York: United Nations
Coulmas, Florian. 1992. Language and economy. Oxford: Blackwell
Crisell, Andrew. 2002. An introductory history of British broadcasting, 2nd edn. London: Routledge
Crystal, David. 1969. Prosodic systems and intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crystal, David 1995a. The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crystal, David 1995b. Documenting rhythmical change. In J. Windsor-Lewis (ed.), Studies in general and English phonetics. London: Routledge, 174–9
Crystal, David 1996. The past, present and future of English rhythm. In M. Vaughan-Rees (ed.), Changes in pronunciation, Newsletter of the IATEFL Pronunciation Special Interest Group. Whitstable: International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, 8–13
Crystal, David 1998. Language play. Harmondsworth: Penguin
. 1999/2000. On trying to be crystal-clear: a response to Phillipson. European English Messenger 8 (1), 1999, 59–65; expanded in Applied Linguistics 21, 2000, 415–23Google Scholar
Crystal, David 2000. Language death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crystal, David 2001. Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
. 2001. Ghanaisms: towards a semantic and a formal classification. English World-Wide 22 (1), 23–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalby, Andrew. 2002. Language in danger. Harmondsworth: Penguin
De Houwer, Annick. 1995. Bilingual language acquisition. In Paul Fletcher and Brian MacWhinney (eds.), The handbook of child language. Oxford: Blackwell, 219–50
1994. The intonation of Singapore English. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 24, 61–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickens, Charles. 1842/68. American notes. London: Hazell, Watson and Viney
Dillon, Nancy. 1999. Web should prepare for a non-English majority. Computerworld, 14 June
Dunstan, E. Ed. 1969. Twelve Nigerian languages. London: Longmans Green
Dyja, Eddie. Ed. 2001. BFI film and television handbook: 2002. London: British Film Institute
Eco, Umberto. 1995. The search for the perfect language. Oxford: Blackwell
Elliott, Blanche B. 1962. A history of English advertising. London: Business Books
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1986. Publishing. Macropaedia, Vol. XXVI. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 457–92
Encyclopaedia Britannica 2002. Britannica Book of the Year. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Ethnologue. 1988, 1992. Ethnologue: the languages of the world. 11th, 12th, 13th edns. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics
European Commission. 2002a. European Year of Languages 2001: some highlights. Brussels: European Commission, Language Policy Unit
European Commission. 2002b. Languages in Europe. http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/languages/lang/europeanlanguages.html
and . 2001. Language in post-colonial Hong Kong: the roles of English and Chinese in the public and private sectors. English World-Wide 22, 247–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A., Conrad, Andrew and Rubal-Lopez, Alma. Eds. 1996. Post-imperial English. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter
Foley, James A. Ed. 1999. English in new cultural contexts. New York: Oxford University Press
Gandhi, Mohandas K. 1958. Evil wrought by the English medium. Ahmedabad: Navajivan
Giles, H. and Smith, P. 1979. Accommodation theory: optimal levels of convergence. In H. Giles and R. St Clair (eds.), Language and social psychology. Oxford: Blackwell, 45–65
Gopinathan, Saravanan, Pakir, Anne, Kam, Ho Wah and Saravanan, Vanithamani. Eds. 1998. Language, society and education in Singapore: issues and trends, 2nd edn. Singapore: Times Academic Press
Görlach, Manfred. 1995. Dictionaries of transplanted Englishes. In Manfred Görlach, More Englishes: new studies in varieties of English 1988–1994. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 124–63
Görlach, Manfred 2002. Ed. English in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Goundry, Norman. 2001. Why Unicode won't work on the Internet: linguistic, political and technical limitations. http://www.hastingsresearch.com/net/04-unicode-limitations.shtml
Graddol, David. 1998. The future of English. London: The British Council
Graddol, David. 1999. The decline of the native speaker. In David Graddol and Ulrike H. Meinhof (eds.), English in a changing world. AILA Review 13, 57–68
Grant Thornton. 2002. European business survey. London: Grant Thornton
Gronow, Pekka, Saunio, Ilpo and Moseley, Christopher. 1998. An international history of the recording industry. London: Continuum
Harrison, Deborah Sears and Trabasso, Tom. Eds. 1976. Black English: a seminar. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
Herriman, Michael and Burnaby, Barbara. Eds. 1996. Language policies in English-dominant countries. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Hughes, Joan. Ed. 1989. The concise Australian national dictionary. Melbourne: Oxford University Press
Hume, David. 1767. Letter to Edward Gibbon (24 October 1767). In J. Y. T. Greig (ed.), The letters of David Hume, Vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932
Janson, Tore. 2002. Speak: a short history of languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Johnson, Edward. 1993. PoliceSpeak: police communications and language and the Channel Tunnel. Cambridge: PoliceSpeak Publications
. 2000. Patterns of Nigerian English intonation. English World-Wide 21 (1), 63–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, Braj. 1985. Institutionalized second-language varieties. In Sidney Greenbaum (ed.), The English language today. Oxford: Pergamon, 211–26
Kachru, Braj. 1986. The alchemy of English. Oxford: Pergamon
Kachru, Braj. 1994. English in South Asia. In Burchfield (1994), 497–553
Kachru, Braj. 2001. World Englishes and culture wars. In T. C. Kiong, A. Pakir, B. K. Choon and R. B. H. Goh (eds.), Ariels: departures and returns: essays for Edwin Thumboo. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 392–414
Kemp, J. A. 1972. John Wallis's grammar of the English language. London: Longman
Lanham, L. W. 1990. Stress and intonation and the intelligibility of South African Black English. In S. Ramsaran (ed.), Studies in the pronunciation of English. London: Routledge, 243–60
Large, Andrew. 1983. The foreign-language barrier. London: Deutsch
Laver, John. 1994. Principles of phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
1999. The functions and status of English in Hong Kong: a post-1997 update. English World-Wide 20, 67–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linguistic Society of America. 1996. Statement on language rights. In 1995 Annual Report. Washington: Linguistic Society of America
Lysandrou, Photis and Lysandrou, Yvonne. In press. Global English and proregression: understanding English language spread in the contemporary era. To appear in Economy and Society. Paper given to conference on ‘The cultural politics of English as a world language’, Freiburg, June 2001
McArthur, Tom. 1992. The Oxford companion to the English language. Oxford: Oxford University Press
McArthur, Tom. 1998. The English languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mencken, H. L. 1945. The American Language, Supplement 1. New York: Knopf
Mesthrie, Rajend. 1992a. English in language shift. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mesthrie, Rajend. 1992b. Lexicon of South African English. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press
Millar, David, Millar, Ian, Millar, John and Millar, Margaret. Eds. 1989. Chambers concise dictionary of scientists. Edinburgh: Chambers
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2002. Colonization, globalization, and the future of languages in the twenty-first century. Translated paper based on a contribution to a UNESCO debate, Paris, September 2001
Mulcaster, Richard. 1582. The first part of the Elementarie. Ed. E. T. Campagnac. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. 1986. Decolonising the mind. London: Heinemann/Currey
Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. Ed. 1996. The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Nunberg, Geoffrey. 1999. Speaking of America: why English-Only is a bad idea. In Rebecca S. Wheeler (ed.), The workings of language. Westport: Praeger, 117–28
. 2000. Will the Internet always speak English? American Prospect, 11 (10), 27 March–10 AprilGoogle Scholar
Orsman, Harry W. 1997. The dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press
Parker, Geoffrey. Ed. 1986. The world: an illustrated history. London: Time Books
Pennycook, Alistair. 1994. The cultural politics of English as an international language. London: Longman
Pennycook, Alistair. 2001. Critical applied linguistics. New York: Erlbaum
Perry, Theresa and Delpit, Lisa. Eds. 1998. The real Ebonics debate: power, language, and the education of African-American children. Boston: Beacon
Phillipson, Robert. 1992. Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press
. 1998/1999. Review of Crystal (1997). European English Messenger 7 (2), 1998, 53–6. Expanded in Applied Linguistics 20, 1999, 265–76Google Scholar
Picturegoer Weekly. 1933. The picturegoer's who's who and encyclopaedia of the screen to-day. London: Odhams
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