Towards the end of 1865, Leslie Stephen published his pamphlet The Times and the American Civil War which simply misrepresented the paper's views on the war by either selective quotes or outright fabrication. Stephen claimed, for example, that The Times blamed the war on democracy which, as we have seen, was wholly false; he also sneered at English anger towards the Morrill tariff, which took a lot of nerve, considering, as we have also seen, that he had objected to it himself in Macmillan's Magazine in 1862. This, of course, merely highlights the difference between what pro-Northerners said during the war and what they said after it. In 1867, Essays on reform appeared, containing treatises by James Bryce and Goldwin Smith – the ones that attracted the ire of Robert Lowe – which, although predominantly concerned with political reform, also repeated many of the Civil War myths (particularly that the Conservative Party supported the Confederacy) that the pro-Union lobby was currently perpetuating. Bryce was to repeat many of these myths in his magnum opus, The American commonwealth (1888). It is perhaps worth noting as an aside, that Bryce declared, contrary to Henry Adams, that Oxford University was pro-northern in sentiment. If Bryce was correct, Oxford's reputation as the home of lost causes should probably be revised. Goldwin Smith, meanwhile, published his memoirs in 1911 in which he repeated virtually all the myths that would become the traditional interpretation in its entirety (although Goldwin Smith, to his credit, admitted that he had initially sanctioned southern secession).