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    Rutishauser, Rolf 2016. Evolution of unusual morphologies in Lentibulariaceae (bladderworts and allies) and Podostemaceae (river-weeds): a pictorial report at the interface of developmental biology and morphological diversification. Annals of Botany, Vol. 117, Issue. 5, p. 811.

    Sharma, Vishakha and Kumar, Sushil 2013. Parallelismic homoplasy of leaf and stipule phenotypes among genetic variants of Pisum sativum and Medicago truncatula and some taxa of Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae subfamilies of the Leguminosae flora of Delhi. Plant Systematics and Evolution, Vol. 299, Issue. 5, p. 887.

    Sharma, Vishakha Chaudhary, Swati Kumar, Arvind and Kumar, Sushil 2012. COCHLEATA controls leaf size and secondary inflorescence architecture via negative regulation of UNIFOLIATA (LEAFY ortholog) gene in garden pea Pisum sativum. Journal of Biosciences, Vol. 37, Issue. S1, p. 1041.

    Sharma, Vishakha Tripathi, Bhumi Nath and Kumar, Sushil 2012. Organ-wise homologies of stipule, leaf and inflorescence between Pisum sativum genetic variants, Delonix regia and Caesalpinia bonduc indicate parallel evolution of morphogenetic regulation. Plant Systematics and Evolution, Vol. 298, Issue. 6, p. 1167.

    GHOGUE, JEAN-PAUL AMEKA, GABRIEL K. GROB, VALENTIN HUBER, KONRAD A. PFEIFER, EVELIN and RUTISHAUSER, ROLF 2009. Enigmatic morphology ofDjinga felicis(Podostemaceae - Podostemoideae), a badly known endemic from northwestern Cameroon. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 160, Issue. 1, p. 64.

    Thiv, Mike Ghogue, Jean-Paul Grob, Valentin Huber, Konrad Pfeifer, Evelin and Rutishauser, Rolf 2009. How to get off the mismatch at the generic rank in African Podostemaceae?. Plant Systematics and Evolution, Vol. 283, Issue. 1-2, p. 57.

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  • Print publication year: 2008
  • Online publication date: August 2009

11 - Plants are used to having identity crises

Summary

Macroscopic nature is never really anomalous. Abnormalities, like other exceptional cases, at least show incontestably, what the plants can do.

Arber 1950: 6

However, regardless of how much faith one has in anatomical definitions, they should not be taken as more than a means of communication prior to subsequent genetic analysis.

Scheres et al. 1996: 963

Truth, except as a figure of speech, does not exist in empirical science.

Brower 2000: 18

INTRODUCTION

Our green and living world is a continuum in space and time. This view is well expressed in the ‘continuum model’ proposed by botanists and biophilosophers such as Arber (1950) and Sattler (1996). As an opposite view we may accept the green world around us as consisting of discrete units on several hierarchical levels. This view is called here the ‘discontinuum model’ or the ‘classical model’ because it has been the predominant view in biological textbooks for decades. Branching and repetition of developmental units (e.g. cells, meristems, modules, leaves, phytomers) are omnipresent as developmental processes in multicellular plants. These processes resemble the process of segmentation in various metazoan phyla, also occasionally leading to fuzzy borderlines between consecutive developmental units (Minelli and Fusco 2004, Prusinkiewicz 2004, Rutishauser and Moline 2005). Perspectivists studying plants accept structural and developmental categories such as cells, meristems, modules, leaves and phytomers as mind-born, simplified concepts reflecting certain aspects of the structural diversity (Sattler and Rutishauser 1990, Hay and Mabberley 1994).

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Evolving Pathways
  • Online ISBN: 9780511541582
  • Book DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541582
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