Affect frequently serves a cueing function for the individual (Hochschild, 1983; Stryker, 1987). Emotions tell whether one's world is satisfactory or some response is needed. Sudden anxiety alerts us to action. Feelings of shame suggest a need to repair the picture of the self, for self or others. Emotions following a sudden insult motivate us to protect the self; the emotion of pride informs us that the self is healthy and flourishing. This chapter focuses on being comfortable or uncomfortable with the self, linked to the cueing function of emotion. Individuals who feel comfortable with who they are and the world that allows them to enact that self are being told their situation requires no major alteration of direction. Individuals who feel uncomfortable with themselves are cued to the possibility of change in self or environment, with the alternative a continuing unhappy emotional state.

We first define comfort and discuss what the concept adds to the more specific and well-researched emotional states tied to self. Then we ask: What particular aspects of the self-picture are related to being comfortable or uncomfortable with oneself? How does the social and cultural context alter the likelihood that individuals experience comfort or discomfort with the self?

DEFINITION OF COMFORT WITH SELF

Relation to Other Emotions

Many emotions cause distress and discomfort with the self; it is in their absence that one feels comfortable.