Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Nomenclature
- 1 General introduction to the finite-element method
- 2 Basic formulation for elastic deformation
- 3 Small-deformation elastic–plastic analysis
- 4 Finite-element plasticity on microcomputers
- 5 Finite-strain formulation for metalforming analysis
- 6 Implementation of the finite-strain formulation
- 7 Practical applications
- 8 Future developments
- Appendix 1 Derivation of small-strain [B] matrix for 2-D triangular element
- Appendix 2 Derivation of elastic [D] matrix
- Appendix 3 Derivation of elastic–plastic [D] matrix
- Appendix 4 Derivation of small-strain stiffness matrix [K] for plane-stress triangular element
- Appendix 5 Solution of stiffness equations by Gaussian elimination and back-substitution
- Appendix 6 Imposition of boundary conditions
- Appendix 7 Relationship between elastic moduli E, G and κ
- Appendix 8 Vectors and tensors
- Appendix 9 Stress in a deforming body
- Appendix 10 Stress rates
- Appendix 11 Listing of BASIC program for small-deformation elastic–plastic FE analysis
- Bibliography
- Index
7 - Practical applications
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Nomenclature
- 1 General introduction to the finite-element method
- 2 Basic formulation for elastic deformation
- 3 Small-deformation elastic–plastic analysis
- 4 Finite-element plasticity on microcomputers
- 5 Finite-strain formulation for metalforming analysis
- 6 Implementation of the finite-strain formulation
- 7 Practical applications
- 8 Future developments
- Appendix 1 Derivation of small-strain [B] matrix for 2-D triangular element
- Appendix 2 Derivation of elastic [D] matrix
- Appendix 3 Derivation of elastic–plastic [D] matrix
- Appendix 4 Derivation of small-strain stiffness matrix [K] for plane-stress triangular element
- Appendix 5 Solution of stiffness equations by Gaussian elimination and back-substitution
- Appendix 6 Imposition of boundary conditions
- Appendix 7 Relationship between elastic moduli E, G and κ
- Appendix 8 Vectors and tensors
- Appendix 9 Stress in a deforming body
- Appendix 10 Stress rates
- Appendix 11 Listing of BASIC program for small-deformation elastic–plastic FE analysis
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will examine the application of FE metalforming techniques to a wide range of industrially-relevant processes.
The main reasons for conducting computer simulations of metalforming processes are to:
reduce development lead times by minimising the number of experimental trials required (get closer to ‘right first time’)
reduce development costs, particularly those incurred by the manufacture of expensive dies for experimental trials
Both of these considerations result in increased industrial competitiveness and flexibility through the ability to introduce new products quickly and cheaply.
Estimates vary of the proportion of forged parts in the UK that have axi-symmetric geometries, but this figure probably lies somewhere in the region of 60 to 70%. The development of tooling for axi-symmetric parts does not present anywhere near the difficulties that are associated with the design of dies for non-symmetric components, but even so, computer simulation can significantly speed up the design process for axi-symmetric parts. The savings in time and money will be even greater when non-symmetric parts are to be formed.
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- Chapter
- Information
- Finite-Element Plasticity and Metalforming Analysis , pp. 116 - 168Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1991