The origins of the friars' schools

Francis shared some of the monastic reservations about theological study in the cathedral schools. There were, nonetheless, important changes taking place which impinged upon him. Friars working in northern Italy and southern France required a solid form of training, one fitted to stemming the tide of heresy. Proponents of heretical views were well versed in the explanation and dissemination of their propaganda. Good will and integrity of life alone were blunt instruments to deploy against such well-organised and highly articulate groups. The differing circumstances in the cities of Italy and France are reflected in the biographies of Francis and Anthony of Padua. While the former was an inspirational preacher, the latter toiled in regions where support was haemorrhaging from the Church. Canons 10 and of 11 the Fourth Lateran Council made a clear connection between theological instruction and the office of preaching. The strength of Francis's links with the papal court left him in no doubt that the Church's mission of evangelisation presupposed a supply of zealous, talented and orthodox preachers. Although it is probable that he took counsel on how best to respond to the demands of the Church, his answer was masterly.