This chapter applies contextual free speech theory to terrorist incitement, recruitment, and propaganda. It relies on the frameworks of the Supreme Court‘s fighting words, true threats, and material support for foreign terrorist’s doctrines. While political declaration and self-expression are protected by the First Amendment, the same cannot be said of calls to commit political acts of violence. Contrary to an absolutist school of thought from organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), whose counterarguments are reviewed at the end of this chapter, the First Amendment does not prohibit the federal government from punishing communications coordinated with a foreign terrorist group or those under its direct control.