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Chapter 3 documents the existence of a developmentalist legacy in Brazil as an outcome of the country’s state-directed industrialization (1951–1984) and market reforms (1985–2002.) It traces how in the 1940s a developmentalist frame put forward by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) was embraced by a wide set of policy-makers and business elites, and became institutionally embedded in the BNDES. It then shows how, in the following six decades, developmentalists adapted their ideas and institutions to changing circumstances – economic liberalization, regime change, economic crises, and party alternations – without renouncing their pursuit of structural transformation. Crucially, through this long-run process, they endowed the BNDES with autonomy from political pressures and influence over business strategies to achieve policy goals. This generated the necessary conditions for the adoption of globalized state-led development.
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