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    • Publisher:
      Cambridge University Press
      Publication date:
      September 2017
      July 2017
      ISBN:
      9781108182638
      9781107195967
      Dimensions:
      (228 x 152 mm)
      Weight & Pages:
      0.57kg, 284 Pages
      Dimensions:
      Weight & Pages:
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    Book description

    Based around the Pacific Islands Regiment, the Australian Army's units in Papua New Guinea had a dual identity: integral to Australia's defence, but also part of its largest colony, and viewed as a foreign people. The Australian Army in PNG defended Australia from threats to its north and west, while also managing the force's place within Australian colonial rule in PNG, occasionally resulting in a tense relationship with the Australian colonial government during a period of significant change. In Guarding the Periphery: The Australian Army in Papua New Guinea, 1951–75, Tristan Moss explores the operational, social and racial aspects of this unique force during the height of the colonial era in PNG and during the progression to independence. Combining the rich detail of both archival material and oral histories, Guarding the Periphery recounts a part of Australian military history that is often overlooked by studies of Australia's military past.

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    Contents

    Bibliography

    Published records

    Army List of Officers of the Australian Military Forces, 1950–88
    Keeping the Peace (Duties in Support of the Civil Power), War Office, London, 1957, Part 2
    Commonwealth of Australia, Territory of New Guinea Report for 1966–1967, Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra, 1967

    Unpublished records

    Australian Army History Unit, Canberra

    • Military Board Minutes, 1950–75

    • Military Board Secretariat Briefing Notes, 1950–75

    • Military Board Submissions, 1950–75

    Australian Army Psychology Corps, Canberra

    • 1 Psychology Research Unit Reports, 1968–73

    Australian War Memorial, Canberra

    AWM78

    Reports of Proceedings, HMA Ships and Establishments, 1939–

    AWM90

    Australian Service Canteens Organisation records, 1915–79

    AWM113

    Records of the Military History Section (Army), 1940–61

    AWM121

    Records of the Directorate of Military Operations and Plans (DMO&P), 1952–75

    AWM122

    Department of Defence, Joint Planning Committee records from joint military operations and plans, 1959–75

    AWM125

    Written records – Miscellaneous – South-East Asian conflicts, 1948–75

    AWM292

    Records of Assistant Director of Medical Services, Headquarters Australian Force Vietnam, 1962–72

    National Archives of Australia, Brisbane

    J2810

    PNGVR, Correspondence files, multiple number series with ‘R’ prefix [PNG], 1963–73

    J2818

    HQ PNG Command, Correspondence files, multiple number series [PNG – Pacific Islands Regiment], 1954–66

    National Archives of Australia, Canberra

    A432

    Attorney-General's Department, Correspondence files, annual single number series, 1929–

    A452

    Department of (External) Territories, Correspondence files, annual single number series, 1951–75

    A471

    Department of Defence, Courts-Martial files [including war crimes trials], single number series, 1901–

    A518

    Department of (External) Territories, Correspondence files, multiple number series with alphabetical prefix, 1928–56

    A663

    Department of Defence, Correspondence files, multiple number series with ‘O’ prefix (primary numbers 1–224), 1940–57

    A703

    Department of Air, Correspondence files, multiple number series with occasional alphabetical prefixes and infixes [Canberra], 1949–75

    A1209

    Prime Minister's Department, Correspondence files, annual single number series with occasional C [classified] suffix, 1957–

    A1361

    Commonwealth Office of Education, Correspondence files, multiple number series, 1947–60

    A1838

    Department of External Affairs/Foreign Affairs, Correspondence files, multiple number series, 1948–89

    A1946

    Department of Defence, Correspondence files, annual single number series, 1967–73

    A2031

    Defence Committee minutes, 1926–

    A4087

    Department of Defence, Correspondence files, multiple number series with ‘D’ prefix, 1973–74

    A4940

    Menzies and Holt Ministries – Cabinet files ‘C’ single number series, 1949–72

    A5619

    Cabinet files, single number series with ‘C’ [Cabinet] prefix, 1949–1972

    A5799

    Defence Committee agenda, annual single number series, 1932–

    A5818

    Seventh Menzies Ministry – copies of Cabinet submissions and associated decisions (first series), 1958–61

    A5882

    Gorton and McMahon Ministries – Cabinet files, ‘CO’ single number series, 1968–72

    A5954

    ‘Shedden Collection’ [Records collected by Sir Frederick Shedden during his career with the Department of Defence and in researching the history of Australian Defence Policy], two number series, 1931–71

    A6059

    Department of the Army, Correspondence files, multiple number series [class 441] [classified], 1956–64

    A6837

    Department of the Army, Outward correspondence files of the Vice or Deputy Chief of the General Staff, 1963–

    A6846

    Department of the Army, Records of, or concerning, the Army in Papua/New Guinea, 1945–75

    A6847

    Department of the Army, Patrol reports of the Army in Papua/New Guinea, 1963–75

    A6913

    Military Board Instructions [functional/amended set], 1962–73

    A8738

    Reports of meetings of the Joint Planning Committee, 1940–

    A10756

    Fraser Ministries – Cabinet files, single number series with ‘LC’ prefix, 1975–83

    A10857

    Department of Defence, Establishment records, two number series with roman numeral prefix and occasional alphabetic suffix, 1937–71

    National Archives of Australia, Melbourne

    MP729/8

    Department of the Army, Secret correspondence files, multiple number series, 1945–55

    MP742/1

    Department of the Army, General and civil staff correspondence files and Army personnel files, multiple number series, 1943–51

    MP927/1

    Department of the Army, General and civil staff correspondence files and Army personnel files, multiple number series, 1952–1962

    MT1131/1

    Department of the Army, General and civil staff correspondence files and Army personnel files, multiple number series, 1952–62

    Papua New Guinean National Archives, Port Moresby

    16

    District Commission, Registry Files

    55

    District Commissioner's Department, Port Moresby Central Registry Files

    82

    Department of Administrator, Registry Files

    245

    Department of Administrator, Government House Files

    247

    Department of Administrator, Government Secretary's Files

    405

    Department of the Administrator, Registry Files

    1008

    Department of Central Province, Division of Rural Services and Circular Memorandum Instructions

    1010

    Department of Provincial Affairs (Margarida), Registry Files

    1017

    Department of Provincial Affairs (Aitape), Registry Files

    National Archives, Kew, United Kingdom

    FCO 24–1433

    Commonwealth Office, Far East and Pacific Department and Foreign and Commonwealth Office, South West Pacific Department: Registered Files (H and FW Series)

    University of Papua New Guinea Archives, Port Moresby

    • New Guinea Collection

    Private papers and other sources in possession of the author

    • Flint, Dick, unpublished memoir, n.d.

    • Ivey, Greg, private papers, n.d.

    • Payne, Geoff, unpublished diary, May–June 1972

    • Sayce, Bob, private papers, n.d.

    • Stokes, Peter, unpublished memoir, n.d.

    Films and photographs

    ‘RAAF aid to New Guinea famine areas’, 19 October 1972, 16mm film, AWM, F02822
    ‘RSM Osi in recruitment poster’, n.d. [c. 1970], <www.nashospng.com/taurama-barracks-soldiers>
    Silk, , George, , untitled photograph, 25 December 1942, AWM, 014028
    Trindall, , Raeburn, , ‘The Piper’, 1973, 16mm film, AWM, F03381

    Oral history, questionnaires and correspondence

    Conducted by Tristan Moss

    Adam, Sergeant Phil, Brisbane, 3 May 2011
    Agwi, Major General Francis, conversation, Murray Barracks, PNG, 25 August 2011
    Aibo, Warrant Officer George, Port Moresby, PNG, 30 July 2013
    Ainaka, Sergeant Thomas, Moem Barracks, PNG, 6 August 2013
    Armstrong, Major Dennis, telephone interview (Melbourne), 16 December 2011
    Beazley, Roy, telephone interview (Sydney), 7 December 2011
    Boddington, Sergeant Richard, Brisbane, 4 May 2011
    Brock, Major Cliff, Canberra, 15 March 2013; questionnaire received 13 March 2013
    Brock, Rosemary, Canberra, 15 March 2013
    Chalapan, , Warrant Officer Tom Levi, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Clark, Lieutenant Ted, telephone interview (Adelaide), 15 May 2011
    Claxton, Dr Karl, conversation, Port Moresby, PNG, 25 August 2011
    Coppa, Sergeant Robert, questionnaire received 15 November 2012
    Dalziel, Sergeant Andrew, Melbourne, 13 July 2011
    Daura, Corporal Rodney, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Dennis, Lieutenant Colonel Michael, Adelaide, 15 February 2012
    Dinji, Warrant Officer Barney, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Diro, Brigadier Ted, Port Moresby, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Eastgate, Anne, Gold Coast, 14 April 2012
    Eastgate, Major Ross, Gold Coast, 14 April 2012
    Edwinsmith, Sergeant Terry, Brisbane, 5 May 2011
    Farr, Sergeant Greg, Brisbane, 2 May 2011
    Garrett, Richard, correspondence, 10 November 2012
    Gewa, Corporal Gapi, Port Moresby 30 July 2013
    Gibson, Sergeant John, Brisbane, 3 May 2011
    Gillies, Major Don, telephone interview (Sydney), 7 December 2011
    Gollings, Lieutenant Ian, telephone interview, 3 November 2011; correspondence, received 25 October 2011
    Gration, General Peter, Canberra, 15 July 2013
    Gwamse, Sergeant Nadu, Moem Barracks, PNG, 6 August 2013
    Hartwig, Lieutenant Commander Beverly, Adelaide, 16 February 2012
    Haui, Brigadier Tony, Port Moresby, PNG, 29 August 2011
    Holland, Brigadier Terry, questionnaire received 26 November 2013
    Holloway, Sir Barry, Port Moresby, PNG, 24 August 2011
    Horton, Sergeant Kevin, Brisbane, 1 May 2011
    Horton, Lynette, Brisbane, 1 May 2011
    Howard, Major General Brian (Hori), Canberra, 16 May 2011; questionnaire received 29 March 2012
    Hunter, Sergeant Norm, Brisbane, 17 April 2012
    Iselin, Sergeant Brian, telephone interview (Sunshine Coast), 12 December 2011; correspondence, 21 December 2011 and 7 January 2012
    Ivey, Sergeant Greg, Brisbane, 1 May 2011
    James, Major Don, Gold Coast, 14 April 2012; correspondence, 19 December 2011
    Jeffery, Major General Michael, Canberra, 16 November 2010
    Johnson, Sergeant Graeme, telephone interview (Perth), 27 June 2011
    Kairi, Private Moses, Port Moresby, PNG, 2 August 2013
    Kakar, Corporal Caspar Nasson, Wewak, PNG, 6 August 2013
    Kearney, Colonel George, telephone interview (Brisbane), 19 September 2011
    Kelly, Major John, telephone interview (Queensland), 2 August 2012
    Kilby, Warrant Officer Alan, Brisbane, 2 May 2011
    Knight, Sergeant Richard, Port Moresby, PNG, 23 July 2013
    Kombukun, Sergeant Jim, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Kukuma, Colonel Jack, Port Moresby, PNG, 3 August 2013
    Lange, Colonel Ron, telephone interview (Noosa), 15 May 2012
    Lewis, Diane, Adelaide, 14 July 2012
    Lewis, Brigadier Laurie, Adelaide, 14 July 2012
    McCann, Brigadier Ray, Bowral, NSW, 16 February 2013; questionnaire received 2 March 2013
    MacCullum, Major Malcolm, questionnaire received 28 December 2013
    McDaniel, Lieutenant Colonel Dan, telephone interview (Perth), 13 August 2012
    McDougall, Colonel Peter, questionnaire received 19 November 2013
    McFarlane, Major Brian, Bowral, NSW, 16 February 2013
    Manning, Lieutenant Colonel Graeme, questionnaire received 27 March 2012
    Marsden, Major John, telephone interview (Sydney), 18 November 2011
    Miasa, Colonel Sia, Port Moresby, PNG, 3 August 2013
    Moripi, Major Frank, Port Moresby, PNG, 3 August 2013
    Murray, Lieutenant Colonel Peter, Canberra, 7 and 14 October 2011
    Nockels, Jim, Canberra, 26 September 2011
    Norrie, Lieutenant Colonel Ben, Canberra, 10 March 2011
    Ogston, Sergeant Ian, Canberra, 8 March 2010
    Oiwelo, Sergeant Ronnie, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Olimomo, Sergeant Patrick, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Payne, Lieutenant Colonel Geoff, telephone interview (Sydney), 13 March 2013
    Pears, Lieutenant Colonel Maurie, Gold Coast, 14 April 2012
    Porteous, Sergeant Peter, questionnaire received 24 November 2013
    Posi-tute, Warrant Officer Thomas, Port Moresby, PNG, 30 July 2013
    Rauleta, Sergeant Lincoln, Moem Barracks, PNG, 6 August 2013
    Renagi, Colonel Reginald, Port Moresby, PNG, 22 and 23 August 2011
    Saese, Warrant Officer Valentine, Moem Barracks, PNG, 6 August 2013
    Sayce, Colonel Bob, Canberra, 8 November 2012
    Singirok, Major General Jerry, Port Moresby, PNG, 29 August 2011 and 25 July 2013
    Smith, Sergeant Kevin, Brisbane, 4 May 2011
    Suat, Sergeant John, Moem Barracks, PNG, 6 August 2013
    Swadling, Captain Ken, questionnaire received 1 August 2011
    Takoin, Warrant Officer Martin, Port Moresby, PNG, 30 July 2013
    Trei, Private Sammy Joe, Port Moresby, PNG, 8 August 2013
    Urr, Captain Tom, conversation, Murray Barracks, PNG, 24 July 2013
    Wansley, Colonel Bert, telephone interview (Noosa), 27 May 2013
    Watut, Corporal Mutuaina, Taurama Barracks, PNG, 31 July 2013
    Wease, Warrant Officer Grahame, telephone interview (Tewantin, Qld), 2 October 2011
    Winkel, Warrant Officer Dan, Brisbane, 13 April 2012
    Wupu, Warrant Officer Anthony, Moem Barracks, PNG, 6 August 2013

    Australians at War Film Archive

    • Adamson, Colin, Archive No. 1171

    • Blake, Murray, Archive No. 1850

    • Bowden, Antony, Archive No. 2443

    • Butler, David, Archive No. 1034

    • Clunies-Ross, Adrian, Archive No. 0795

    • Cruickshank, James, Archive No. 0770

    • Dihm, Jack, Archive No. 1698

    • Fearn, Norman, Archive No. 1421

    • Guest, William, Archive No. 0588

    • Jordan, Albert, Archive No. 2154

    • Morison, Robin, Archive No. 1921

    • Morrison, Michael, Archive No. 1928

    • Tilbrook, Francis, Archive No. 2354

    • Warfe, Peter, Archive No. 2487

    Secondary sources

    Official histories

    Dennis, Peter, and Grey, Jeffrey, Emergency and Confrontation: Australian Military Operations in Malaya and Borneo 1950–1966, vol. 5, Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts, 1948–1975, Allen & Unwin in association with Australian War Memorial, Sydney, 1996
    Edwards, P.G., and Pemberton, Gregory, Crises and Commitments: The Politics and Diplomacy of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1965, vol. 1, Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975, Allen & Unwin in association with Australian War Memorial, Sydney, 1992
    Ekins, Ashley, and McNeill, Ian, Fighting to the Finish: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War, 1968–1975, vol. 9, Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975, Allen & Unwin in association with Australian War Memorial, Sydney, 2012
    McCarthy, Dudley, South-West Pacific Area First Year, vol. V, Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 1959
    O'Neill, Robert John, Australia in the Korean War 1950–53, vol. 1, Strategy and Diplomacy, Australian War Memorial and AGPS, Canberra, 1981

    Books

    Alvah, Donna, Unofficial Ambassadors: American Military Families Overseas and the Cold War, 1946–1965, New York University Press, New York, 2007
    Andrews, Eric, The Department of Defence, vol. 5, The Australian Centenary History of Defence, OUP, Melbourne, 2001
    Desmond, Ball (ed.), Aborigines in the Defence of Australia, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1991
    Beale, Pat, Operation Orders: The Experiences of an Infantry Officer, Australian Military History Publications, Loftus, NSW, 2003
    Beaumont, Joan, Australian Defence: Sources and Statistics, vol. 6, The Australian Centenary History of Defence, OUP, Melbourne, 2001
    Blaxland, J.C., The Australian Army from Whitlam to Howard, CUP, Melbourne, 2013
    Bradley, Phillip, To Salamaua, CUP, Melbourne, 2010
    Byrnes, G.M., Green Shadows: A War History of the Papuan Infantry Battalion, 1 New Guinea Infantry Battalion, 2 New Guinea Infantry Battalion, 3 New Guinea Infantry Battalion, G.M. Byrnes, New Market, Qld, 1989
    Claxton, Karl, Bougainville 1988–98: Five Searches for Security in the North Solomons Province of Papua New Guinea, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, 1998
    Clayton, Anthony, and Killingray, David, Khaki and Blue: Military and Police in British Colonial Africa, Research in International Studies, Africa Series, Ohio University Press, Athens, 1989
    Coulthard-Clark, C.D. Australia's Military Map-makers: The Royal Australian Survey Corps 1915–96, OUP, Melbourne, 2000
    Dennis, Peter, Grey, Jeffrey, Morris, Ewan and Prior, Robin (eds), The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History, 2nd edn, OUP, Melbourne, 2008
    Denoon, Donald, A Trial Separation: Australia and the Decolonisation of Papua New Guinea, Pandanus Books, Canberra, 2005
    Dinnen, Sinclair, Law, Order and the State in Papua New Guinea, State Society and Governance in Melanesia Discussion Paper 97/1, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Canberra, 1997
    Dinnen, Sinclair, May, R.J. and Regan, A.J., Challenging the State: The Sandline Affair in Papua New Guinea, Pacific Policy Papers no. 30, Australian National University, Canberra, 1997
    Doran, Stuart, (ed.), Australia and Papua New Guinea, 1966–1969, vol. 26, Documents on Australian Foreign Policy, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Barton, ACT, 2006
    Dorney, Sean, Papua New Guinea: People, Politics and History Since 1975, rev. edn, ABC Books, Sydney, 2000
    Downer, Alexander, The Bougainville Crisis: An Australian Perspective, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, 2001
    Downs, Ian, The Australian Trusteeship, Papua New Guinea, 1945–75, AGPS, Canberra, 1980
    Dymock, Darryl R., The Chalkies: Educating an Army for Independence, Australian Scholarly Publishing, North Melbourne, 2016
    Enloe, Cynthia H., Ethnic Soldiers: State Security in a Divided Society, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1980
    Fischer, Steven R., A History of the Pacific Islands, Palgrave, New York, 2002
    French, David, The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967, OUP, Oxford/New York, 2011
    Frühling, Stephan, A History of Australian Strategic Policy Since 1945, Australian Department of Defence, Canberra, 2009
    Goldsworthy, David, Losing the Blanket: Australia and the End of Britain's Empire, MUP, Melbourne, 2002
    Granter, N.E.W., Yesterday and Today: An Illustrated History of the Pacific Islands Regiment from Its Formation on 19th June 1940 until the Present Day, [Pacific Islands Regiment], Port Moresby, 1970
    Greville, P.J., The Royal Australian Engineers, 1945 to 1972: Paving the Way, Australian Military History Publications, [Sydney], 2002
    Grey, Jeffrey, The Australian Army, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001
    Grey, Jeffrey, A Military History of Australia, 3rd edn, CUP, Melbourne, 2008
    Grey, Jeffrey, A Soldier's Soldier: A Biography of Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Daly, CUP, Melbourne, 2012
    Griffin, James, Nelson, Hank and Firth, Stewart, Papua New Guinea: A Political History, Heinemann Educational, Richmond, Vic., 1979
    Gubb, Matthew, Vanuatu's 1980 Santo Rebellion: International Responses to a Microstate Security Crisis, Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, no. 107, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, 1994
    Haebich, Anna, Spinning the Dream: Assimilation in Australia 1950–1970, Fremantle Press, Fremantle, 2008
    Hasluck, Paul, A Time for Building: Australian Administration in Papua and New Guinea, 1951–1963, MUP, Melbourne, 1976
    Hastings, Peter, New Guinea: Problems and Prospects, Australian Institute of International Affairs, Melbourne, 1969
    Horner, D.M., Defence Supremo: Sir Frederick Shedden and the Making of Australian Defence Policy, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2000
    Horner, D.M., Making the Australian Defence Force, vol. 4, The Australian Centenary History of Defence, OUP, Melbourne, 2001
    Horner, D.M., SAS: Phantoms of War, 2nd edn, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2002
    Horner, D.M., Strategic Command: General Sir John Wilton and Australia's Asian Wars, OUP, Melbourne, 2005
    Horner, D.M., and Bou, Jean (eds), Duty First: The Royal Australian Regiment in War and Peace, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1990
    Janowitz, Morris, The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait, Free Press, Glencoe, Ill., 1960
    Kerr, Alan, A Federation in These Seas: An Account of the Acquisition by Australia of Its External Territories, with Selected Documents, Attorney-General's Department, Canberra, 2009
    Kiki, Albert Maori, Kiki: Ten Thousand Years in a Lifetime, a New Guinea Autobiography, Cheshire, Melbourne, 1968
    Killingray, David, Policing and Decolonisation: Politics, Nationalism, and the Police, 1917–65, Manchester University Press, Manchester/New York, 1992
    Lloyd, Stephanie, Jeffery, Marlena and Hearn, Jenny, Taim Bilong Misis Bilong Armi: Memories of Wives of Australian Servicemen in Papua New Guinea 1951–1975, Pandanus Books, Canberra, 2001
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    May, R.J., The Changing Role of the Military in Papua New Guinea, Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, no. 101, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Canberra, 1993
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    Ogston, Ian, Chalkies: Conscript Teachers in Papua New Guinea: 1970–1971, Ian Ogston, West Chermside, Qld, 2003
    Ogston, Ian, Armi Wantoks: Conscript Teachers in Papua New Guinea: 1966–1973, Ian Ogston, West Chermside, Qld, 2004
    Omissi, David, The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860–1940, Macmillan Press, London, 1994
    O'Neill, Robert John, The Army in Papua-New Guinea: Current Role and Implications for Independence. Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, no. 10. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1971
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    Parsons, Timothy, The African Rank-and-File: Social Implications of Colonial Military Service in the King's African Rifles, 1902–1964, Heinemann, Portsmouth, 1999
    Parsons, Timothy, The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa, Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2003
    Polomka, Peter, Bougainville: Perspectives on a Crisis, Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, no. 66, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, 1990
    Powell, Alan, The Third Force: ANGAU's New Guinea War, 1942–46, OUP, Melbourne, 2003
    Riseman, Noah, Defending Whose Country? Indigenous Soldiers in the Pacific War, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln/London, 2012
    Riseman, Noah, and Trembath, Richard, Defending Country: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Military Service since 1945, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 2016
    Sinclair, James, Kiap: Australia's Patrol Officers in Papua New Guinea, 2nd edn, Robert Brown & Associates, Bathurst, 1984
    Sinclair, James, To Find a Path: The Life and Times of the Pacific Islands Regiment, vol. I, Yesterday's Heroes, 1885–1950, Boolarong Publications, Brisbane, 1990
    Sinclair, James, To Find a Path: The Papua New Guinea Defence Force and the Australians to Independence, vol. II, Keeping the Peace, 1950–1975, Crawford House Press, Gold Coast, 1990
    Smith, Alan H., Gunners in Borneo: Artillery during Confrontation, 1962–66, Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company, Manly, NSW, 2008
    Spark, Ceridwen, Spark, Seumas and Twomey, Christina (eds), Australians in Papua New Guinea, 1960–1975, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 2014
    Tange, Arthur, Defence Policy-making: A Close-up View, 1950–1980, ed. Edwards, Peter, Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence 169, ANU E Press, Canberra, 2008
    Thompson, Roger C., Australia and the Pacific Islands in the Twentieth Century, Australian Scholarly Publishing, Melbourne, 1998
    Waiko, John, A Short History of Papua New Guinea, OUP, Melbourne, 1993
    Ward, Elizabeth, ‘Call out the troops: An examination of the legal basis for Australian Defence Force involvement in “non-defence” matters’, Australian Parliamentary Research Paper 8, 1997–98
    Whitlam, Gough, The Whitlam Government, 1972–1975, Viking, Melbourne, 1985
    Wolfers, Edward P., Race Relations and Colonial Rule in Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand Book Co., Sydney, 1975
    Wood, James, The Forgotten Force: The Australian Military Contribution to the Occupation of Japan 1945–1952, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1998
    Woolford, Don, Papua New Guinea: Initiation and Independence, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1976

    Articles and book chapters

    Aitkin, Don, and Wolfers, Edward P, ‘Australian attitudes towards the Papua New Guinean area since World War II’, Australian Outlook, vol. 27, no. 2, 1973, pp. 202–14
    Aitkin, Don, and Wolfers, Edward P, ‘Australian attitudes towards Papua New Guinea on the eve of Independence’, Australian Outlook, vol. 30, no. 3, 1976, pp. 432–8
    Azari, Jaz, Dandeker, Christopher and Greenberg, Neil, ‘Cultural stress: How interactions with and among foreign populations affect military personnel’, Armed Forces and Society, vol. 36, no. 4, 2010, pp. 585603
    Bell, Harry, ‘Goodbye to all that? Integration in the PIR’, New Guinea and Australia, the Pacific and South-East Asia, vol. 2, no. 2, 1967, pp. 4958
    Bell, Henry L., ‘New Guinea pidgin teaching: Pidgin and the army – an example of Pidgin in a technically orientated environment’, in New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study, vol. 3, Language, Culture, Society and the Modern World, ed. Wurm, S.A., pp. 671–90, Australian National University, Canberra, 1977
    Bishop, Mickie, ‘Tarred-paper houses’, in Taim Bilong Misis Bilong Armi, ed. Lloyd, Jeffery and Hearn, , pp. 1620
    Burns, Heather, ‘A teddy bears’ picnic?’, in Taim Bilong Misis Bilong Armi, ed. Lloyd, Jeffery and Hearn, , pp. 21–7
    Corona, Victor P., ‘Career patterns in the US Army Officer Corps’, Public Organization Review, vol. 11, no. 2, 2011, pp. 109–34
    Dibb, Paul, ‘The self-reliant defence of Australia: The history of an idea’, in History as Policy: Framing the Debate on the Future of Australia's Defence Policy, ed. Huisken, Ronald Herman, pp. 1126, ANU E Press, Canberra, 2007
    Dickson-Waiko, Anne, ‘Women, nation and decolonisation in Papua New Guinea’, Journal of Pacific History, vol. 48, no. 2, 2013, pp. 177–93
    Doran, Stuart, ‘Wanting and knowing best: Motive and method in Australia's governance of PNG, 1966–69’, Journal of Pacific History, vol. 40, no. 3, 2005, pp. 311–21
    Doran, Stuart, ‘Introduction’, in Australia and Papua New Guinea, 1966–1969, vol. 26, Documents on Australian Foreign Policy, ed. Stuart Doran, pp. xvii–lvii, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Barton, ACT, 2006
    Ducie, Jenny, ‘A heavenly bird of paradise’, in Taim Bilong Misis Bilong Armi, ed. Lloyd, Jeffery and Hearn, , pp. 4956
    East, Colin, ‘PNGDF: Colonial legacy or independent force?’, Pacific Defence Reporter, vol. 12, no. 5, 1985, pp. 1113, 60
    Enloe, Cynthia, ‘The military uses of ethnicity’, Millennium – Journal of International Studies, vol. 4, 1975, pp. 220–34
    Firth, Stewart, ‘Colonial administration and the invention of the native’, in Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders, ed. Denoon, Donald, Firth, Stewart, Linnekin, Jocelyn, Meleisea, Malama and Nero, Karen, pp. 253–87, CUP, Cambridge/New York, 1997
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    Theses

    Armstrong, Dennis James, ‘An examination of the effects of ethnic contact upon the attitudes of some Australians in Papua New Guinea’, MA, University of Queensland, 1972
    Brown, Elizabeth I, ‘Bye, bye Miss American Pie: Wives of American servicemen in Southeast Asia, 1961–1975’, PhD, University of Colorado, 2005
    Colebatch, Peta, ‘To find a path: The army in Papua New Guinea’, PhD, Sussex University, 1974
    Hunt, Bruce Geoffrey, ‘Papua New Guinea in Australia's strategic thinking, 1880–1977: The path to the 1977 Statement on the Defence Relationship’, PhD, University of New England, 2003
    Lovering, Timothy John, ‘Authority and identity: Malawian soldiers in Britain's colonial army, 1891–1964’, PhD, University of Stirling, 2002
    Rogers, Trevor A., ‘The Papua New Guinea Defence Force: Vanuatu (1980) to Bougainville (1990)’, PhD, Australian National University, 2002
    Urquhart, D.A.K., ‘Australia's military aid programs 1950–1990’, MA, Australian Defence Force Academy, 1991

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