Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-68c7f8b79f-j6k2s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-12-29T06:25:41.650Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2025

Justin Dargin
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Get access

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The Gulf's Climate Reckoning
Decarbonization, Development, and the Future of the Petro-States
, pp. 318 - 341
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abir, M. (2005). Oil, Power, and Politics: Conflict of Asian and African Studies. Hebrew University of Jerusalem.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abnett, K. (2024, February 13). EU to Step up Efforts for More Carbon Markets Worldwide. Reuters. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aboueldahab, N. (2021, August 23). Social Protection, Not Just Legal Protection: Migrant Laborers in the Gulf. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu.Google Scholar
Abu Dhabi Department of Energy. (2019, January 18). Abu Dhabi Launches World’s Largest Virtual Battery Plant.Google Scholar
Abu Dhabi Quality and Conformity Council. (2015, June). Abu Dhabi Technical Report-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors, p. 9.Google Scholar
Adediran, I. A., & Swaray, R. (2023, June). “Carbon Trading amidst Global Uncertainty: The Role of Policy and Geopolitical Uncertainty.” Economic Modelling, 123, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264999323000913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agamben, G. (2004). State of Exception. Translated by K. Attell. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmed, M. (1975). “Umma: The Idea of a Universal Community.” Islamic Studies, 14(1), 2754.Google Scholar
Ahrari, M. E. (2015). OPEC: The Failing Giant. University Press of Kentucky, pp. 91112.Google Scholar
Al Amir, S. (2021, January 26). Dubai Police Use “Brain Fingerprint” Technology to Help Snare Criminals. The National.Google Scholar
Al Bawaba, . (2018, January 28). UAE’s SCA Proposes First of Its Kind Carbon Emissions Trading. www.albawaba.com/business/pr/sca-proposes-carbon-emissions-trading-1080812.Google Scholar
Al Helou, E. (2022, July 4). Qatar’s Energy Efficiency Program Saved $1.1bn in 2021. Middle East Economy.Google Scholar
Jazeera, Al. (2022a). Qatar Workers’ Welfare: “Reforms Made but Challenges Remain.” Al Jazeera, November 1, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com.Google Scholar
Al Jazeera., (2022b, July 25). Saudi Arabia Plans $1 Trillion Mirrored Skyscraper in Neom.Google Scholar
Al Jazeera, . (2018, January 10). UN Raises Concern Over Human Rights in the UAE.Google Scholar
Al Jazeera, . (2023, December 8). OPEC Rallies Members against Fossil-Fuel Phase out at COP 28.Google Scholar
Al Khalaf, N. (2022). “The GCC’s Emerging Tax Order.International Tax Review, 16(September), https://www.internationaltaxreview.com/article/2amt40ohm7y3gjwqw7ojk/the-gccs-emerging-tax-order.Google Scholar
Al Wasmi, N. (2015). UAE’s Environment Goals Set out Ahead of Crucial Paris Conference. The National.Google Scholar
Alharbi, B., Pasha, M. J., & Tapper, N. (2014). Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Current World Environment, 9(2), 227236. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.9.2.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Hilal, H. (n.d.). “Saudi Aramco Leak Detection and Repair Program,” Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco. www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-04/documents/tue6ldarprogram.pdf; “Saudi Arabia-Oil and Gas’s Activities on Methane Mitigation,” Global Methane Initiative, n.d. www.globalmethane.org/documents/Saudi-Arabia-Methane-Initiative-Oil-Gas-2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Alkhalisi, Z. (2016, October 20). How Many Saudis Are Only Working One Hour a Day? CNNMoney.Google Scholar
Al-Khamri, H. (2019, December 23). Vision 2030 and Poverty in Saudi Arabia. Al Jazeera. www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/12/23/vision-2030-and-poverty-in-saudi-arabia.Google Scholar
Al-Madhaji, M. (2023, December 13). Saudi Arabia’s Nuclear Ambitions: US Apprehensions and China’s Allure. Wilson Center.Google Scholar
Almarri, A. N. (2016). Climate Change in Qatar. QScience Proceedings: Vol. 2016 , QULSS 2016: Biodiversity, Sustainability and Climate Change, with Perspectives from Qatar, 4.Google Scholar
Al-Monitor, . (2024, April 27). UAE Company Agreed to Loan $13B to South Sudan in Exchange for Oil.Google Scholar
Almosawa, S., & Erdbrink, T. (2017, December 3). U.A.E. Denies Yemen Rebels Fired Missile at Abu Dhabi Nuclear Plant. New York Times.Google Scholar
Alnaser, W., & Alnaser, N. (2011). The Status of Renewable Energy in the GCC Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 30743098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Saidi, M., & Haghirian, M. (2020, November). A Quest for the Arabian Atom? Geopolitics, Security, and National Identity in the Nuclear Energy Programs in the Middle East. Energy Research & Social Science, 69, 101582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alsiary, W. A. (2015). A Critical Investigation into the Barriers and Opportunities for Environmental Management Systems “EMSs” Implementation for Delivery of Environmental Benefits to the Industrial City in Jeddah, KSA (PhD thesis, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England).Google Scholar
Amnesty International. (2022, November 10). Bahrain: Elections, but No Civic Space.Google Scholar
Amuzegar, J. (1999). Managing the Oil Wealth: OPEC’s Windfalls and Pitfalls. I.B. Tauris, p. 157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonius, G. (1968). The Arab Awakening (Originally Published 1938). Capricorn Ed., p. 18.Google Scholar
APICORP Energy Research. (2018, February). “Saudi Energy Price Reforms Getting Serious.” APICORP Energy Research, 3(5).Google Scholar
APICORP Energy Research. (2018, May). Renewables in the Arab World: Maintaining Momentum.Google Scholar
Apostoleria, H., Al Ghaferi, H., & Chisea, M. (2021, March 4). What Is Going on with Middle East Solar Prices, and What Does It Mean for the Rest of Us? Progress in Photovoltaics, https://khazna.ku.ac.ae/en/publications/what-is-going-on-with-middle-eastern-solar-prices-and-what-does-i.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aramco. (2019, November 6). Saudi Aramco Joins World Bank’s Initiative: “Zero Routine Gas Flaring by 2030.”Google Scholar
Aramco. (n.d.). Methane Emissions Reduction: Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) Program. https://www.aramco.com, Accessed May 17, 2023.Google Scholar
Arneil, B. (1996). John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism. Oxford University Press, p. 51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrhenius, S. (1896). “On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground.” Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 5(41), 237276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arsenault, C. (2013, May 23). Striking Dubai Workers Face Mass Deportation. Al Jazeera.Google Scholar
Asharq Al-Awsat. (2017, December 3). Saudi Arabia Collaborates with the US on Managing its Carbon Emissions.Google Scholar
Associated Press. (2023, September 1). China’s New National Map Has Set off a Wave of Protests. Why?Google Scholar
Babar, Z., & Vora, N. (2022, July). “The 2022 World Cup and Migrants’ Rights in Qatar: Racialised Labour Hierarchies and the Influence of Racial Capitalism.” The Political Quarterly, 93(3), 499500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, R., Cave, M., Lodge, M., et al. (2011). Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy and Practice. (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, https://academic.oup.com/book/7235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamyeh, M. A. (1999). The Social Origins of Islam: Mind, Economy, Discourse. University of Minnesota Press, p. 41.Google Scholar
Banafe, A., & Macleod, R. (2017). The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, 1952–2016: Central Bank of Oil: Financial Institutions, Reforms, and Policies in Muslim Countries. Springer, p. 61.Google Scholar
Banuri, T., Goran-Maler, K., Grubb, M., Jacobson, H. K., & Yamin, F. (1995). Equity and Social Considerations. In Bruce, J. P., Lee, H., & Erik, F. (Eds.), Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change: Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
Barnett, J. (2001, October). The Issue of “Adverse Effects and the Impacts of Response Measures,” in UNFCCC. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Working Paper 7. Norwich: University of East Anglia.Google Scholar
Barnett, A., Yandle, B., & Naufal, G. (2013). “Regulation, Trust, and Cronyism in Middle Eastern Societies: The Simple Economics of ‘Wasta.’” Journal of Socio-Economics, 44, 4146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2013.02.004.Google Scholar
Bauer, D., & Papp, K. (2009, March 18). “Book Review Perspectives: The Jevons Paradox and the Myth of Resource Efficiency Improvements.” Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, 5(1), 13.Google Scholar
Baumol, W. (1972). “On Taxation and the Control of Externalities.American Economic Review, 62(3), 307322.Google Scholar
BBC News. (2022, November 16). COP27: Africa’s Dash for Gas Sparks Debate at Climate Summit in Egypt. BBC News.Google Scholar
Belbagi, Z. (n.d.). Renegotiating the Social Contract in the GCC: Lessons from the Rousseau Playbook. The Oxford Gulf and Arabian Studies Forum, p. 4. https://daphnis.wbnusystem.net/~wbplus/websites/AD2902892/files/analysis_belbagi.pdf.Google Scholar
Bendix, R. (1978). Kings of People: Power and the Mandate to Rule. University of California Press, pp. 249250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berglind, N., Fadia, A., & Isherwood, T. (2022, November 1). The Potential Value of AI-and How Governments Could Look to Capture it, Part 2. McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Berman, H. (2015, September 30). Class Action Suit Claims Nestle, Hershey’s and Mars Use Child Labor. Food Logistics.Google Scholar
Bischoff, P. (2023, May 23). Surveillance Camera Statistics: Which Are the Most Surveilled Cities? Comparitech.Google Scholar
Black, I. (2013, April 2). Saudi Arabia Expels Thousands of Yemeni Workers. The Guardian.Google Scholar
Black, R. (2009, December 3). Climate E-Mail Hack “Will Impact on Copenhagen Summit.” BBC News.Google Scholar
Black, R. (2010, January 4). Copenhagen Climate Deal “Satisfies” Saudi Arabia. BBC News.Google Scholar
Blas, J. (2024, June 27). The Petrodollar Is Dead, Long Live the Petrodollar. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Blazquez, J., Hunt, L. C., Manzano, B., & Pierru, A. (2020). “The Value of Saving Oil in Saudi Arabia.” Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, 9(1), 207222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomberg. (2012, May 11). Saudi Arabia Plans $109 Billion Boost for Solar Power. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Bloomberg. (2016, June 8). Saudi Scales Back on Renewable Energy. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Boeke, J. H. (1953). Economics and Economic Policy of Dual Societies. Institute of Pacific Relations.Google Scholar
Boersma, T., & Griffiths, S. (2016, January 19). Reforming Energy Subsidies: Initial Lessons from the UAE. The Brookings Institution. www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-energy-subsidies-initial-lessons-from-the-united-arab-emirates/.Google Scholar
Bohra, M., & Shah, N. (2020, June). “Optimizing Qatar’s Energy System for a Post-Carbon Future.” Energy Transition; Cham, 4(1), 1129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolinger, M., Seel, J., & Robson, D. (2019). Utility-Scale Solar: Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost, Performance, and PPA Pricing in the United States–2019 Edition.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bousso, R. (2018, September 24). Big Oil Pledges to Slash Potent Greenhouse Gas Emission. Reuters.Google Scholar
BP. (2022). BP Statistical Review of World Energy.Google Scholar
British National Archives. (1973, December 13). Draft of Memorandum, “Middle East- Possible Use of Force by the United States,” Assessment of Joint Intelligence Committee sent to Prime Minister Edward Heath. PREM 15/1769, file JIC (A) (73), p. 34.Google Scholar
Brown, T. (2022, November 17). Human Rights in the Gulf States. House of Lords Library.Google Scholar
Brown, L. M., Hanafi, A., & Petsonk, A. (2012). The EU Emissions Trading System: Results and Lessons Learned. Environmental Defense Fund.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, G. (2023, December 14). Israel Is Using an AI System to Find Targets in Gaza. Experts Say It’s Just the Start. NPR.Google Scholar
Burns, R., & Gearan, A. (2006). U.S.: Test Points to N. Korea Nuke Blast. The Washington Post, October 13, 2006.Google Scholar
Cafiero, G. (2016, March 1). Qatar Cuts Spending to Cope with Low Oil Prices. Middle East Institute.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. C. (1978). “The Middle East Burdens of Empire.” Foreign Affairs, 57(3), 615–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, C. (2022, January 24). Dubai’s Energy Demand Climbs 9.8 percent as Renewables Gain Bigger Share. S&P Global Platts.Google Scholar
Carrington, D., & Stockton, B. (2023, December). Cop28 President Says There Is “No Science” behind Demands for Phase-Out of Fossil Fuels. Guardian.Google Scholar
Casey, J. P. (2023, July 12). EWEC Selects Four Finalist Bidders for 1.5GW Al Ajban Solar Plant. PV Tech.Google Scholar
Castro Torres, A. F., & Alburez-Gutierrez, D. (2022, March 8). “North and South: Naming Practices and the Hidden Dimension of Global Disparities in Knowledge Production.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America, 119(10), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35238625/.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Center for Global Development. (2015, August 15). Developing Countries are Responsible for 63 Percent of Current Carbon Emissions. www.cgdev.org/media/developing-countries-are-responsible-63- percent- current-carbon-emissions.Google Scholar
Chalcraft, J. (2011). “Labor Migration to the Middle East.” International Labor and Working-Class History, 79, 2847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Champion, D. (2003). The Paradoxical Kingdom: Saudi Arabia and the Momentum of Reform. Illustrated ed. Emergent Village Resources for Communities of Faith Series. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Chase, A. (1977). The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism. 1st ed. Knopf, distributed by Random House.Google Scholar
Claes, D. H., Goldthau, A., & Livingston, D. (2015, May 21). Saudi Arabia and the Shifting Geoeconomics of Oil. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Clark, P. (2015, May 21). Kingdom Built on Oil Foresees Fossil Fuel Phase-Out This Century. Financial Times (London).Google Scholar
Climate Action Tracker. (2016). Climate Transparency: Brown to Green: G20 Transition to a Low Carbon Economy.Google Scholar
Climate Action Tracker. (2023, December 2). UAE Country Summary. https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/uae/.Google Scholar
Coase, R. (1960, October). “The Problem of Social Cost.” Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, C., & Frantz, D. (2018, January 31). The Long Shadow of A.Q. Khan. Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (2023, June 20). “CFTC Whistleblower Office Issues Alert Seeking Tips Relating to Carbon Markets Misconduct.” Release Number 8723–23.Google Scholar
COP 28: UAE, Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge. www.cop28.com/en/global-renewables-and-energy-efficiency-pledge.Google Scholar
Crampton, J. W. (2001). “Maps as Social Constructions: Power, Communication and Visualization.” Progress in Human Geography, 25(2), 235252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cramton, P., & Kerr, S. (2005). “Tradeable Carbon Permit Auctions: How and Why to Auction Not Grandfather”. Energy Policy, 30(4), 333345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00100-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dargin, J. (2009). The Gulf Natural Gas Dual Pricing Regimes: WTO Rules and Economic Growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council. UK ed. Nova Novinka, May 31, 2011.Google Scholar
Dargin, J. (2010, May). “The Development of a Gulf Carbon Platform: Mapping out the Gulf Cooperation Council Carbon Exchange.” The Dubai Initiative, Working Paper No.1.Google Scholar
Dargin, J. (2012). Desert Dreams: The Quest for Arab Integration from the Arab Revolt to the Gulf Cooperation Council. Republic of LettersGoogle Scholar
Dargin, J. (2013a, May 11). Why Energy is the Key to a Better Gulf Union. Al Arabiya.Google Scholar
Dargin, J. (2013b, Spring). “The Crux of the Gulf Energy Challenge: Development and Industrialization in the Arabian Gulf Region.” Harvard Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy, 2, 60.Google Scholar
Dargin, J. (2022, January 2). Best Friends Forever? The NOPEC Bill and US-OPEC Relations in the 21st Century. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies.Google Scholar
Dargin, J. (2023). “Beyond ‘Green Pledges’: Saudi Arabia and Society-Centered Climate Reforms.” In Wehrey, F. (Ed.), Climate Change and Vulnerability in the Middle East. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Data analyzed from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. https://population.un.org/wpp/.Google Scholar
De Clercq, G. (2019, March 20). Exclusive: Qatar Asks IAEA to Intervene Over “Threat” Posed by UAE Nuclear Plant. Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/us-qatar-emirates-nuclearpower-exclusive/exclusive-qatar-asks-iaea-to-intervene-over-threat-posed-by-uae-nuclear-plant-idUSKCN1R120L.Google Scholar
Debry, I. (2022, May 10). Dubai Delivery Workers Go on Second Rare Strike this Month. AP News.Google Scholar
Demirbas, A., Hashem, A. A., & Bakhsh, A. A. (2017). “The Cost Analysis of Electric Power Generation in Saudi Arabia.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy, 12(6), 591596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of State. (1973). Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, June 8, 1973, 10:30 a.m. In: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–14, Part 1, Documents on the United Nations, 1973–1976. U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Depledge, J. (2008). “Striving for No: Saudi Arabia in the Climate Change Regime.” Global Environmental Politics, 8(4), 935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desjardins, J. (2020, February 19). Mapped: Visualizing the True Size of Africa. Visual Capitalist.Google Scholar
Dessai, S. (2004). An Analysis of the Role of OPEC as a G77 Member at the UNFCCC. World Wildlife Fund.Google Scholar
Dewan, A., & Rahimi, R. (2023, November 27). Climate Summit Host UAE Planned to Use the Event to Make Oil Deals, Leaked Notes Suggest. WRAL.Google Scholar
Di Paola, A. (2022, May 16). Gulf’s Smallest Oil Producer Looks to Gas Imports to Meet Demand: Bahrain to Import 6 LNG Cargoes in 2025 as own Fields Decline. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Di Sario, F., & Volpicelli, G. (2020, January 12). Dubai Mulls Quitting Green City over Lackluster Climate Efforts. Politico.Google Scholar
Dickie, G. (2023, December 4). COP28 President Denies He Doesn’t Respect Climate Science. Reuters.Google Scholar
Dickson, S. (2007). The Role of Democracy in Public Policy Making by Private Groups: A Case Study of the American Petroleum Institute. https://mars.gmu.edu/browse/author?scope=bd93a8f1-462c-42af-9865-e9df9606fa12&value=Dickson,%20Stacia.Google Scholar
Donaghy, R. (2016, September 22). Saudi and Foreign Workers Unite to Strike over Unpaid Wages. Middle East Eye.Google Scholar
Druzin, B. H. (2016). “A Plan to Strengthen the Paris Agreement.” Fordham Law Review, 84: 101.Google Scholar
Dubai Carbon’s Website. http://dcce.ae/.Google Scholar
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority. (2016). DEWA Announces Selected Bidder for 800 MW Third Phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park.Google Scholar
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA). (2017, December). Dubai Gets Certified by C40 Cities. DEWA.Google Scholar
Duguid, S. (1970). “A Biographical Approach to the Study of Social Change in the Middle East: Abdullah Tariki as a New Man.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 1(3), 195220. http://www.jstor.org/stable/162327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Early, B. R. (2009, July 6). Export Control Development in the United Arab Emirates: From Commitments to Compliance. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School, p. 7.Google Scholar
Eaton, C. (2018, March 15). Saudi Aramco Touts Carbon Capture as Policymakers Push Investments. Houston Chronicle. www.houstonchronicle.com/business/article/Saudi-Aramco-touts-carbon-capture-as-policymakers-12754260.php.Google Scholar
Economist. (2023, September 21). Abu Dhabi Throws a Surprise Challenger into the AI Race. The Economist.Google Scholar
Eden, A. (1960). The Memoirs of Anthony Eden: Volume I, Full Circle. Cassell.Google Scholar
El Gamal, R. (2019, January 9). Saudi Arabia to Announce Slight Rise in Oil, Gas Reserves after Audit -Source. Reuters.Google Scholar
El-Katiri, L. (2011). Interlinking the Arab Gulf: Opportunities and Challenges of GCC Electricity Market Cooperation. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Katiri, L. (2012, December). The GCC and the Nuclear Question. Oxford Energy Comment. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellichipuram, U. (2021, August 9). Dumat Al Jandal Wind Farm in Saudi Arabia Starts Production. Power Technology.Google Scholar
Elnaiem, M. (2019, December 24). Bolívar in Haiti. JSTOR.Google Scholar
El Sawy, N. (2008, May 14). Foreign Influences: Expats Force Locals to Ask Who They Are. Financial Times.Google Scholar
El-Sissi, J. (2019). Saudi Arabian State Modernization Policies versus Traditional Values. Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, p. 5.Google Scholar
El Tariki, A. E. H. (1965). Nationalization of Arab Petroleum Industry Is a National Necessity. Dar El-Hana Press.Google Scholar
Emirates 24/7. (2015, November 29). Mohammed launches Dh50bn Dubai Clean Energy Strategy.Google Scholar
Emirates 24/7. (2018, March 23). Masdar Celebrates Fifth Anniversary of Shams 1. www.emirates247.com/business/masdar-celebrates-5th-anniversary-of-shams-1-2018-03-23-1.667165.Google Scholar
EnerData. (2022, August 25). QatarEnergy Awards EPC Contract for Its 875 MW Solar Project in Qatar. Environmental Authorities in UAE. Beeatna.ae. https://beeatna.ae/en/environmental-authorities-in-uae.Google Scholar
Entities in Charge of Environment. (2023). The Official Portal of the UAE Government. https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/environment-and-energy/environment-and-government-agenda/environment-entities, Accessed March 14, 2023.Google Scholar
Environment Global Guide 2017–2018 (2017, June). Environmental Law and Practice in the United Arab Emirates: Overview. www.stalawfirm.com/en/blogs/view/environmental-global-guide-2017-2018.html.Google Scholar
Environment Africa Magazine. (2022, November 29). COP27: To Go Down in History as the African Implementation COP. https://environmentafricamag.com/2022/11/29/cop27-to-go-down-in-history-as-the-african-implementation-cop.Google Scholar
Environmental Agency-Abu Dhabi. (2012, Decemeber). Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Abu Dhabi Emirate.Google Scholar
Environmental Protection Agency. (2018). ExxonMobil Shute Creek Treating Facility Subpart RR Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Plan.Google Scholar
Eremin, A. S. (2020). Arabic Borrowings in the Lexical-Semantic System of the English Language: Etymological Analysis. Research Result. Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 1425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ernst & Young. (n.d.). How Do Companies Do Business in a Carbon-Constrained World, p. 3.Google Scholar
Esau, I. (2024, August 13). “Finance Apartheid”: Plans Afoot to Launch Lawsuits against Banks Refusing to Invest in African Oil and Gas. Upstream.Google Scholar
Escritt, T. (n.d.). Labour-Hungry Germany Eases Citizenship Path Despite Migration Rows. Reuters.Google Scholar
Eurasian Ventures. (2022, November 4). The Economy of Breakeven Oil Prices. https://eurasianventures.com/the-economy-of-breakeven-oil-prices.Google Scholar
Eurostat. (2021, April 30). Population Projected to Decline in Two-Thirds of EU Regions.Google Scholar
Farand, C. (2020). Saudi Arabia Censors Fossil Fuel Subsidy Discussion as G20 Host. Climate Change News.Google Scholar
Farrell, J. (2018, February). “Carbon Capture.” Journal of Science, Policy and Governance, 12(1), 3.Google Scholar
Fattah, Z., & Martin, M. (2024, April 5). Saudis Scale Back Ambition for $1.5 Trillion Desert Project Neom. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Fattouh, B., & Shabaneh, O. (in Stern). The Future of Gas in Saudi Arabia’s Transition. The Future of Gas in the Gulf, p. 101.Google Scholar
Fatukasi, B., Ilesanmi, A. O., & Yekini, I. (2019). “The Transmission Mechanism of Dutch Disease in Nigeria.” IRE Journals 3 (2), https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1701474.pdf.Google Scholar
Ferris, N. (2023, May 3). Will Saudi Arabia Ever Make Good on Its Solar Ambitions? Energy Monitor.Google Scholar
Fischer, D. H. (1996). The Great Wave: Price Revolutions and the Rhythm of History. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Flint, A. (2020, February 14). What Abu Dhabi’s City of the Future Looks Like Now. Bloomberg CityLab.Google Scholar
For an in-depth analysis of the ongoing trends in the digital application of social control mechanisms in an era of socio-economic change, see, generally, Jones, M. O. (2022). Digital Authoritarianism in the Middle East. Hurst.Google Scholar
Forstenlechner, I. & Rutledge, E. (2010). “Unemployment in the Gulf: Time to Update the ‘Social Contract.’” Middle East Policy 17(2), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2010.00437.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forstenlechner, I., & Rutledge, E. J. (2011). The GCC’s “Demographic Imbalance”: Perceptions, Realities and Policy Options. Middle East Policy Council.Google Scholar
Foxman, S. (2021, October 11). Qatar Criticizes Nations for Making Vague Net-Zero Pledges. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
France 24. (2017, December 12). Qatar to Run Third Consecutive Budget Deficit in 2018.Google Scholar
Frankel, G. (2003, December 31). U.S. Mulled Seizing Oil Fields in ‘73: British Memo Cites Notion of Sending Airborne to Mideast. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/01/01/us-mulled-seizing-oil-fields-in-73/0661ef3e-027e-4758-9c41-90a40bbcfc4d/Google Scholar
Freedom House. Oman: Overview on Political Representation. https://freedomhouse.org/country/oman/freedom-world/2022.Google Scholar
Freedom House. (2023). Freedom in the World 2023: United Arab Emirates. Freedom House. Accessed August 20, 2024. https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-arab-emirates/freedom-world/2023.Google Scholar
Freer, C. (2023, February 11). Citizenship, Nationalism and Heritage in Gulf States. Manar Magazine.Google Scholar
Friedman, L. (2010, November 30). Leaked Cables Show U.S. Pressured Saudis to Accept Copenhagen Accord. New York Times.Google Scholar
Friedman, L. (2012a, November 26). Qatar and Some Other Persian Gulf Nations Begin to Walk Their Climate Talk. E&E News.Google Scholar
Friedman, L. (2012b, November 26). Qatar Pressured to Cut Emissions as New Climate Talks Begin. Scientific America.Google Scholar
Friedman, L., Plumer, B., & Nereim, V. (2023, December 10). Saudi Arabia Is Trying to Block a Global Deal to End Fossil Fuels, Negotiators Say. New York Times.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History. Free Press.Google Scholar
G20 Leaders. (2009, September 24–25). Leaders’ Statement: The Pittsburgh Summit.Google Scholar
Gallaher, M., Alam, T., & Rouchdy, N. (2017, May). The Impact of Electricity and Water Subsidies in the United Arab Emirates. RTI Press, Policy Brief.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gas to Power Journal. (n.d.). GE Helps QatarEnergy Develop a Carbon Capture Hub at Ras Laffan.Google Scholar
General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (n.d.). Population and Vital Statistics, Housing Survey. www.stats.gov.sa/en/indicators/228.Google Scholar
General Electric. (n.d.). Pathways to Faster Decarbonization in the GCC’s Power Sector, p. 6. www.ge.com/gas-power/future-of-energy.Google Scholar
Geographical. (2023, March 7). Who’s Watching: The Cities with the Most CCTV Cameras.Google Scholar
Ghosh, B. N. (2001). Dependency Theory Revisited. Routledge.Google Scholar
Global CCS Institute. (2015, August 6). Large-Scale CCS in Saudi Arabia.Google Scholar
Global CCS Institute. (2023, October 11). The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Joins the Global CCS Institute.Google Scholar
Global Energy Monitor Wiki. Ras al-Khaimah Power Station. www.gem.wiki/Ras_al-Khaimah_power_station.Google Scholar
Global Subsidies Initiative. (2018, January). Energy Pricing Reforms in the Gulf: A Trend but Not (Yet) a Norm, p. 13.Google Scholar
Global Witness. (2023, October 4). “COP28 Oil Company ADNOC Emissions Heading in Exact Opposite Way for Climate Goal,” Press Release.Google Scholar
Goldenberg, S. (2015, December 8). Saudi Arabia Accused of Trying to Wreck Paris Climate Deal. The Guardian (London).Google Scholar
Government of Dubai. Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park. www.mbrsic.ae/en/about/mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum-solar-park/.Google Scholar
Greentech Media. (2018, March 28). Saudi Arabia and Softbank’s 200-Gigawatt Solar Plan Offers “So Many Questions, So Few Details.”Google Scholar
Gulf Base. (2017, December 21). Saudi Arabia Extends Deadline for Energy Price Reform.Google Scholar
Gulf News. (2017, March 2). Green Saudi Company for Carbon Services to Focus on Emissions Reduction.Google Scholar
Gulf Times. (2021, March 17). QP Joins WB in Global Fight against Routine Flaring.Google Scholar
Gwertzman, B. (1974, June 9). “Milestone” Pact Is Signed by U.S. and Saudi Arabia. New York Times.Google Scholar
Hadlington, L., Binder, J., Gardner, S., Karanika-Murray, M., & Knight, S. (2023). “The Use of Artificial Intelligence in a Military Context: Development of the Attitudes toward AI in Defense (AAID) Scale.” Frontiers in Psychology, 14, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164810/full.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haldane, J. T. (1986, December). OPEC: Saudi Arabia Gets Tough. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, p. 7.Google Scholar
Hamzi, V. (2016). “Mir-Said Sultan-Galiev and the Idea of Muslim Marxism: Empire, Third World(s) and Praxis.” Third World Quarterly, 37(11), 20472060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart Energy. (2023, February 17). US Shale Basins Boast $54/bbl Average Breakeven Price.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. I., Kellard, N. M., Madsen, J. B., & Wohar, M. E. (2010). “The Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis: Four Centuries of Evidence.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(2), 367377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. (1976). Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Volume 2: The Mirage of Social Justice. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hayek, F. A. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Heath, E. (1981). “North-South: A Programme for Survival.” The Geographical Journal, 147(3), 298306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, R. (2023, September 26). UAE Wants to Disrupt the AI Superpowers. Axios.Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. F. (1812). Hegel’s Science of Logic. Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Hegghammer, T., & Lacroix, S. (2007). “Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia: The Story of Juhayman al-ʿUtaybi Revisited.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39(1), 103122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hibbs, B. (2015). The Book of Roger. History Class, p. 22.Google Scholar
HIS Markit. (2021, September 3). Saudi Arabia to Launch a Regional Carbon Trading Platform.Google Scholar
Hobbes, T. (2017). Leviathan. Penguin Books Limited, p. 38.Google Scholar
Hobbs, M. (2014, October 14). Manumission, Not Abolition: British Mediations over Slavery in the Gulf. Gulf History Specialist, British Library.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. (1999). Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914–1991. Abacus, p. 87.Google Scholar
Hodgson, M. G. S., & Burke, E. (1993). Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History. Cambridge University Press, p. 100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, K. R., Ed. (2017). Corruption and Governance in Africa: Swaziland, Kenya, Nigeria. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, L., & Peissl, W. (2023). Artificial Intelligence – A New Knowledge and Decision-Making Paradigm? In Hennen, L., Hahn, J., Ladikas, M., et al. (eds.), Technology Assessment in a Globalized World. Springer.Google Scholar
Hudhaifa Ebrahim/ The Media Line. (2022, November 7). Rising Cost of Living Forces Expats to Leave GCC Countries.Google Scholar
Hultman, N. (2014, December 14). The Cancun Agreements on Climate Change. The Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Y. M. (1978, March 17). For Oil Pricing, a Basket Of Currencies in Offing? Pricing of Crude Oil; A Buyer’s Oil Market. New York Times.Google Scholar
Imsirovic, A. (2024). OPEC in the Age of Climate Change. In International Oil Markets in the Age of Climate Change. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, J. (2020, May 29). “Bahrain in Talks with Neighbors over GCC Gas Grid.” Middle East Economic Survey, 63(22).Google Scholar
Ingram, J. (2023, February 10). Qatar Revenues Soar on Record LNG Prices. MEES. Initial National Communication to the United Nations.Google Scholar
IISD. (2009, January 27). Qatar Joins World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (n.d.). The IPCC Fact Sheet: What Is the IPCC. www.ipcc.ch/news_and_events/docs/factsheets/FS_what_ipcc.pdf.Google Scholar
International Atomic Energy Agency. (2009, February 16). Agreement Between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. IAEA Information Circular, INFCIRC/746.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020). Methane Tracker: United Arab Emirates. www.iea.org/articles/methane-tracker-database.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). Net-Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2022, November 6). Energy Subsidies: Tracking the Impact of Fossil Fuel Subsidies. www.iea.org/topics/energy-subsidies.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (IEA). Tracking the Impact of Fossil-Fuel Subsidies. www.iea.org/topics/energy-subsidies.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). World Energy Investment 2023: Overview and Key Findings, in World Energy Investment.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). World Energy Outlook 2023, p. 25.Google Scholar
International Gas Union (IGU) (2022). Wholesale Gas Price Survey 2022 Edition.Google Scholar
International Herald Tribune. (1973, November 22). Quoted in Buheiry, M. (1980). U.S. Threats of Intervention against Arab Oil: 1973–1979. Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 11.Google Scholar
Iordache, R. (2024, March 3). Saudi Arabia, Russia and Several OPEC+ Producers Extend Voluntary Crude Supply Cuts until End of June.Google Scholar
Issawi, C. (1982). An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa. Columbia University Press, p. 79.Google Scholar
Jankowicz, M. (2023, May 4). Saudi Arabia Is Planning to Execute Three Local Tribe Members Who Opposed Its Futuristic Neom-megacity Project, UN Experts Warn. Business Insider.Google Scholar
Janzen, B. (2009). “Climate Change, Emissions Caps, and Carbon Leakage: Cracking a Tough Policy Nut” (paper presented at 2009 Spring Meeting of ABA Section of International Law, “Copenhagen and beyond” panel, April 16).Google Scholar
Jasny, N. (1972). Soviet Economists of the Twenties: Names to be Remembered. CUP Archive.Google Scholar
Jaynes, C. H. (2023, July 6). UAE to Triple Renewable Energy Output Amid COP28 Controversy. Eco Watch.Google Scholar
Jennifer, L. (2023, October 27). ACX Reveals Major Trades on Historic Carbon Credit Exchange in ADGM. Carbon Credits.Google Scholar
Jensen, D. (2016). The Myth of Human Supremacy. Seven Stories Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, G., Lehman, G., & Matthijs, M. (2002). “Power and Preservation in the House of Saud.” The Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs, 5(Spring 2002), 2944.Google Scholar
Jones, M. O. (2022). Digital Authoritarianism in the Middle East. Hurst.Google Scholar
Kacinik, N. A. (2014, September 24). “Sticking Your Neck out and Burying the Hatchet: What Idioms Reveal about Embodied Simulation.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 689, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahneman, D. (2003). “Maps of Bounded rRationality: Psychology for Behavioral Economics.” The American Economic Review, 93(5), 14491475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapoor, P. (2024, April 29). ADNOC Buys 1 Million Barrels of Iraqi Oil for the First Time. Oil&Gas.Google Scholar
KAPSARC. (2017, November). Growth through Diversification and Energy Efficiency: Energy Productivity in Saudi Arabia.Google Scholar
Keidel, A. (2006). “China’s Social Unrest: The Story Behind the Stories.Policy Brief, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 48(September), 18.Google Scholar
Kengor, P. (2000). Wreath Layer or Policy Player? The Vice President’s Role in Foreign Policy. Lexington Books, p. 139.Google Scholar
Khan, E. (2022). Seminar Summary 2022— Not All Jobs Are Created Equal: Public Sector Employment and Perceptions of Government Performance in Rentier States. Global Development Policy Center, Boston UniversityGoogle Scholar
Khondaker, A. N., Rahman, S. M., Malik, K., et al. (2014). “Dynamics of Energy Sector and GHG Emissions in Saudi Arabia.” Climate Policy, 15(4), 517541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khubieh, S. (2021, November 18). Why Syrians in Saudi Arabia Are Choosing Jail over Deportation. The New Arab.Google Scholar
King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC) (2016, June). Opportunities and Challenges in Reforming Energy Prices in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (2015). The Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the UNFCCC (2015). www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/indc/Submission%20Pages/submissions.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: General Authority for Meteorology and Environmental Protection (2017). The State of the Environment: Responsibilities and Achievements.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2017, May). Saudi Arabia and Political, Economic and Social Development, p. 27.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Presidency of Meteorology and Environment. (2001, October 15). General Environmental Regulations and Rules for Implementation (Translated from official Arabic version). www.pme.gov.sa/Ar/DataLists//DocumentLibrary/Generalpercent20Environmental percent20Regulations.pdf.Google Scholar
Knight, A. (1992). “The Politics of Expropriation.” In Brown, J. C. & Knight, A. (Eds.), The Mexican Petroleum Industry in the Twentieth Century. University of Texas Press, pp. 90128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komlav, S. (2020). Foundations of Natural Gas Price Formation: Misunderstandings Jeopardizing the Future of the Industry. Anthem Press, p. 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kossoy, A., & Guigon, P. (2012). State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2012. World Bank Carbon Finance Unit.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krane, J. (2019, January). Energy Governance in Saudi Arabia: An Assessment of the Kingdom’s Resources, Policy and Climate Approach. Center for Energy Studies.Google Scholar
Krane, J., & Monaldi, F. (2017, June). Oil Prices, Political Instability, and Energy Subsidy Reform in MENA Oil Exporters. Center of Energy Studies, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, 13.Google Scholar
Krasnolutska, D., Jacobs, J. and Nardelli, A. (2024). Saudis Warned G-7 over Russia Seizures with Debt Sale Threat. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Krause, C. (2022, September 14). Ostracized by the West, Russia Finds a Partner in Saudi Arabia. New York Times.Google Scholar
Lackner, H. (1978). A House Built on Sand: A Political Economy of Saudi Arabia. Ithaca Press, p. 95.Google Scholar
Lakhani, N. (2021, November 8). COP26 Legitimacy Questioned as Groups Excluded from Critical Talks. The Guardian (London).Google Scholar
Lamanauskas, T. (n.d.). Regional Harmonization of Telecommunications Regulatory Frameworks Outside the European Union: A Case of the Gulf Cooperation Council States. Telecommunications Regulatory Authority.Google Scholar
Lampton, D. M. (2023, December 5). Reflections on Henry Kissinger. U.S-China Perception Monitor.Google Scholar
Lapidus, I. M. (2002). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press, p. 41.Google Scholar
Larbi, H. (2016, May). Rewriting the Arab Social Contract. Belfer Center.Google Scholar
Lasrado, J. (2022, June 21). GCC Population Will Be Lesser and Older by the End of this Century. Marmore: MENA Intelligence. See, generally, The GCC in 2020: The Gulf and the Global Economy. Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, March).Google Scholar
Le Renard, A. (2021). Western Privilege: Work, Intimacy, and Postcolonial Hierarchies in Dubai (Worlding the Middle East). Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
List, F. (1856). National System of Political Economy (Translated by G.-A. Matile & H. Richelot). J. B. Lippincott.Google Scholar
Little, D. (2009). “Opening the Door: Business, Diplomacy, and America’s Stake in Middle East Oil.” In American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945 (2nd chapter). University of North Carolina Press, pp. 4376.Google Scholar
LNG Journal. (2024, April 3). ADNOC Gas in UAE Plans to Invest $13Bln in Domestic and Overseas Projects and to Double LNG Production.Google Scholar
Lo, J. (2021). UAE Sets Net-Zero by 2050 Target, Promises Renewable Investments. Climate Change News.Google Scholar
Loodhi, A. (2023, December 13). COP 28 Dubai Is Over: Four Key Highlights from the UN Climate Conference. Al Jazeera.Google Scholar
Lubin, D. (2018, August 14). Dance of the Trillions: Developing Countries and Global Finance. Brookings Inst. Press/Chatham, pp. 25, 22.Google Scholar
Mabro, R. (2002). Saudi Arabia’s Natural Gas: A Glimpse at Complex Issues. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.Google Scholar
Mahdi, W., & Nereim, V. (2016, June 7). Saudi Arabia Scales Back Renewable Energy Goal to Favor Gas. World Oil.Google Scholar
Malek, C. (2022, March 7). UAE Targets 20GW of Clean Energy by 2030. Energy and Utilities.Google Scholar
Marhold, A. (2017). Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in the WTO: Options for Constraining Dual Pricing in the Multilateral Trading System. Climate and Energy, December 2017.Google Scholar
Markets Media. (2023, November 24). Dubai Launches Pilot for Carbon Credits Trading.Google Scholar
Markey, E. (2006, February 21). February 22, 2006 – Dubai Was a Hub for A.Q. Khan’s Nuclear Weapons Smuggling Network. Ed Markey, United States Senator for Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Maroney, J. C. (1995, May 1). Oilfield Strike of 1917. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.Google Scholar
Martini, C. (2016). Transparency: The Backbone of the Paris Agreement. Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy.Google Scholar
Martín-Pomares, L., Martínez, D., Polo, J., Perez-Astudillo, D., Bachour, D., & Sanfilippo, A. (2017, June). “Analysis of the Long-Term Solar Potential for Electricity Generation in Qatar.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 12311246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masdar. “Shams.”https://masdar.ae/en/renewables/our-projects/shams, Accessed January 5, 2024.Google Scholar
Mason, R. (2011, January 19). European Carbon Market Suspended over Fraud Fears. Telegraph. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/8269907/European-carbon-market-suspended-over-fraud-fears.html.Google Scholar
Masnadi, M., El-Houjeiri, H. M., Schunack, D. et al. (2018, August 31). “Global Carbon Intensity of Crude Oil Production.” Science, 361(6405), 851853. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maugeri, L. (2006). The Age of Oil. Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 93102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauvais, L. (2023, December 8). COP28: Reports of Rift Grow within Arab Group. The New Arab.Google Scholar
Mazrui, A. A. (1975). “Black Africa and the Arabs”. Foreign Affairs, 53(4), 725742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzetti, M., & Hager, E. (2011, May 14). Secret Desert Base Set up by Blackwater’s Founder. The New York Times.Google Scholar
McAuley, A. (2017, June 5). Gas Supplies Keep Flowing as Qatar Diplomatic Spat Flares. National.Google Scholar
McGinn, J. (2018, July 12). Tribe and State in the Contemporary Arabian Peninsula. London School of Economics.Google Scholar
Mehdi, W., & Roca, M. (2012, May 11). Saudi Arabia Plans $109 Billion Boost for Solar Power. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Meier, G. (1975). “External Trade and Internal Development.” In Gann, L. H. & Duignan, P. (Eds.), Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1960. CUP Archive, Cambridge University Press, pp. 315350.Google Scholar
Middle East Oil Politics. (1959, April 27). Time.Google Scholar
Milanovic, B. (2019). Capitalism, Alone: The Future of the System That Rules the World. Harvard University Press/Belknap Press, pp. 177178.Google Scholar
Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, R. C. (2008). International Political Economy: Contrasting World Views. Taylor & Francis, p. 196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, R. (2011, December 6). Doha Climate Talks Will Turn Spotlight on Gulf Countries. The National.Google Scholar
Mills, R. (2020, April). Under a Cloud: The Future of Middle East Gas Demand. Columbia SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy.Google Scholar
Mills, A., & Hepher, T. (May 23, 2023). Qatar Airways CEO Suggests 2050 Net-zero Goal beyond Reach. Reuters.Google Scholar
Milward, H. B., & Francisco, R. A. (1983). “Subsystem Politics and Corporatism in the United States.” Policy & Politics, 11(3), 273293. Retrieved March 8, 2024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Energy & Infrastructure. (2023, July). Updated UAE Energy Strategy 2050.Google Scholar
Mintzer, I. M., & Leonard, J. A. (Eds.). (1994). Negotiating Climate Change: The Inside Story of the Rio Convention. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miriri, D. (2023, June 14). Saudi Companies Buy 2.2 Million Tonnes of Carbon Credits in Kenya Auction. Reuters.Google Scholar
Mission statement of the UAE’s Ministry of Climate Change and the Environment. www.moccae.gov.ae/en/about-ministry/about-the-ministry.aspx.Google Scholar
Mitchell, T. (2011). Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil. Verso, pp. 174175.Google Scholar
Mohammed, S. S. (2016). Qatar’s National Emission Inventory Report: Emission Inventories 1995–2015. Doha: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation/Hamad Bin Khalifa University, p. 35.Google Scholar
Montoya-Galvez, C. (2023, January 13). U.S. Creates Process for Exploited Migrant Workers to Obtain Protection from Deportation. CBS News.Google Scholar
Mozur, P., & Sanger, D. E. (2024, April 16). Microsoft Makes High-Stakes Play in Tech Cold War with Emirati A.I. Deal. New York Times.Google Scholar
Mozur, P., & Satariano, A. (2023, January 4). AI, Brain Scans and Cameras: The Spread of Police Surveillance Tech. New York Times.Google Scholar
Mulhern, O. (2020). Sea Level Rise Projection Map-Qatar and Bahrain. https://earth.org/data_visualization/sea-level-rise -by-2100-qatar-and-bahrain/.Google Scholar
Müller, M. (2018, October 2). “In Search of the Global East: Thinking between North and South.” Geopolitics, 25(3), 734755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munang, R., & Han, Z. (2013, May). What Does the “Doha Climate Gateway” Mean for Africa? African Renewal (United Nations).Google Scholar
Nafi, Z. A. (2013). Economic and Social Development in Qatar. Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Nale, J. (2014). “Arthur de Gobineau on Blood and Race.” Critical Philosophy of Race, 2(1), 106124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narayanan, A., & Lacqua, F. (2023, January 16). Qatar Fund to Reposition $450 Billion Portfolio amid Turmoil. Bloomberg News.Google Scholar
Nasralla, S. (2021). OPEC Makes Case for Fossil Fuels at UN Climate Conference. Reuters.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, T. (2021, February 14). UAE to Use Facial Identification in Some Sectors: Cabinet Led by Sheikh Mohammed decides. The National.Google Scholar
National Climate Change Plan of the United Arab Emirates 2017–2050, United Arab Emirates Ministry of Climate Change and the Environment, p. 35. www.moccae.gov.ae/assets/30e58e2e/national-climate-change-plan-for-the-united-arab-emirates-2017-2050.aspx, Accessed February 21, 2023.Google Scholar
National Security Archive. (2024). 50 Years of U.S. Resistance to Environmental Reparations. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu, Accessed March 4, 2024.Google Scholar
NBC News. (2007, November 18). President Calls U.S. Dollar “Worthless.”Google Scholar
Nehme, M. G. (1994). “Saudi Arabia 1950-80: Between Nationalism and Religion.” Middle Eastern Studies, 30(4), 930943, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4283682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nereim, V., & Carey, G. (2017, December 12). Saudi Arabia Will Give Cash to Poorer Citizens Hit by Austerity. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
New York Times. (1953, October 20). Aramco Confirms Oil Labor Strife; 13,000 Saudi Arabians Strike after Union Organizers are Arrested by Regime.Google Scholar
Niranjan, A. (2023, August 23). G20 Poured More Than $1tn into Fossil Fuel Subsidies Despite Cop26 Pledges – Report. The Guardian.Google Scholar
Niskanen, W. A. (1986, December). Natural Gas Price Controls: An Alternative View. Cato.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. (2015). “Climate Clubs to Overcome Free-Riding.” Issues in Science and Technology, 31(4, Summer).Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. D. (2007). “To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 1(1), 2644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
North, D. C. (1992). Transaction Costs, Institutions, and Economic Performance. ICS Press.Google Scholar
Nuclear Engineering International. (2018, July 6). More Delays for UAE’s Barakah Project.Google Scholar
Nystedt, D. (2005, October 5). Taiwan Protests Google Maps Reference to China.Google Scholar
Obaid, R. (2017, December 13). Citizen Account to Help Saudis Face Economic Changes. Arab News. www.arabnews.com/node/1208256/saudi-arabia.Google Scholar
Oil and Gas Climate Initiative. (2018, September 24). Oil and Gas Climate Initiative Sets First Collective Methane Target for Member Companies [News release]. www.ogci.com/oil-and-gas-climate-initiative-sets-first-collective-methane-target-for-member-companies/.Google Scholar
Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0. (n.d.). *The Oil & Gas Methane Partnership 2.0*. https://ogmpartnership.com/.Google Scholar
Omar, W. F. (2018, October). Zero Carbon City – Masdar City Critical Analysis. BAU Journal – Health and Wellbeing, 1(3), Article 1.Google Scholar
OPEC Bulletin. (2016), p. 2.Google Scholar
Orwell, G. (2006). Politics and the English Language. Broadview Press.Google Scholar
Oxford Business Group. (2015, May). Qatar to Reduce Carbon Footprint with Major Projects.Google Scholar
Oyedele, A., & Hernandez, M. D. (2018). “Investigating the Malinchism-Nationalism Paradox in Hispanic TV Advertising: An Abstract.” In Krey, N. & Rossi, P. (Eds.), Back to the Future: Using Marketing Basics to Provide Customer Value. AMSAC 2017. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Springer, pp. 625626.Google Scholar
Pal, J. S., & Eltahir, E. A. (2016). “Projected Temperature in Southwest Asia Projected to Exceed a Threshold for Human Adaptability.” Nature Climate Change, 6, 197200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pamuk, H. (2012, December 5). Saudi Arabia sees need to act on climate change. Reuters.Google Scholar
Panza, L., & Williamson, J. G. (2015). “Did Muhammad Ali Foster Industrialization in Early Nineteenth-Century Egypt?The Economic History Review, 68(1), 79100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parenti, M. (1986). US interventionism, 3rd world, & USSR. Lecture presented on April 15, 1986.Google Scholar
Pashley, A. (2015). Brazil Minister Calls out Emerging Economies over Weak Climate Pledges. Climate Home News.Google Scholar
Pashley, A. (2015, November 10). Saudi Arabia Submits Climate Pledge to UN Deal. The Guardian (London).Google Scholar
Peninsula. (2017, November 1). Kahramaa Reduces 8.5 M Tonnes of Carbon Emissions.Google Scholar
Peninsula. (2018, March 13). Qatar Petroleum Signs Deal with Abu Dhabi for Al-Bunduq Oil Field Operation.Google Scholar
Perkins, R. (2021). COP26 Cranks up Pressure on Oil, Gas Despite Dodging Closer Scrutiny. S&P Global Platts.Google Scholar
Petzina, D., Stolper, W. F., & Hudson, M. (1981). “The Origin of the European Coal and Steel Community: Economic Forces and Political Interests.” Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft / Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 137(3), 450468.Google Scholar
Pigou, A. (1924). The Economics of Welfare. New Brunswick: Transaction.Google Scholar
Pigou, A. C. (1954). “Some Aspects of the Welfare State.” Diogenes, 2(7), 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polanyi, K. (2001). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Policy of the United Arab Emirates on the Evaluation and Potential Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy. www.uae-embassy.org/sites/default/files/UAE_Policy_Peaceful_Nuclear_Energy_English.pdf. https://www.enec.gov.ae/about-us/overview/the-uae-nuclear-energy-policy/#:~:text=In percent20April percent202008 percent2C percent20the percent20UAE,for percent20nuclear percent20energy percent20development percent20worldwide.Google Scholar
Pope-Obeda, E. (2019). “Expelling the Foreign-Born Menace: Immigrant Dissent, the Early Deportation State, and the First American Red Scare.” The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 18(1), 3255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PourMirza, A. (2017). “Gas Flaring Status, Trends and Policy around the Persian Gulf.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(3), 250259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power Technology. (2021, August 9). Dumat Al Jandal Wind Farm in Saudi Arabia Starts Production.Google Scholar
Power Technology. (2024, March 4). ENEC Starts up Unit 4 of Barakah Nuclear Power Plant in UAE.Google Scholar
Power Technology. (2020, May 1). Sweihan Photovoltaic Independent Power Project. Abu Dhabi.Google Scholar
Power-Technology. (2022, July 8). UAE Introduces New Methods of Renewable Energy to Meet Clean Energy Target.Google Scholar
Power-Technology. (2023, June 21). Hassyan Power Complex, Dubai, UAE. www.power-technology.com/projects/hassyan-clean-coal-project-dubai/.Google Scholar
Prebisch, R. (1964). Towards a New Trade Policy for Development: Report. UN.Google Scholar
Prebisch, R. (1959, May). “Commercial Policy in the Underdeveloped Countries.” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 49(2), 251273.Google Scholar
Presidency of Meteorology and Environment. (2001, October 15). General Environmental Regulations and Rules for Implementation. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/sau138926E.pdf, Accessed June 24, 2023.Google Scholar
Press Wire. (2023, November 17). Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi Inaugurates World’s Largest Single-Site Solar Power Plant Ahead of COP28.Google Scholar
Public Library of US Diplomacy, Wikileaks. (2010, February 12). Two Faces of Saudi Arabia’s Climate Negotiating Position.Google Scholar
Qatar General Secretariat for Development Planning. (2012). Qatar’s Commitment to Sustainable Development: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change.Google Scholar
Qatar Government Communications Office. (2008). General Secretariat for Development Planning. Qatar National Vision 2030. Doha: General Secretariat for Development Planning, www.gco.gov.qa/en/about-qatar/national-vision2030.Google Scholar
Qatar Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics. (2011). Qatar National Development Strategy 2011–2016. www.psa.gov.qa/en/knowledge/Documents/Qatar_NDS_reprint_complete_lowres_16May.pdf.Google Scholar
Qatar News Agency. (2023, December 12). Minister of Environment: Qatar Launched Many Projects and Initiatives to Minimize Impact of Climate Change.Google Scholar
Qatar Science and Technology Park. https://qstp.org.qa/.Google Scholar
Rabi, U. (Ed.). (2016). Tribes and States in a Changing Middle East. Oxford Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raffield, B. (2021). “Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 28(3), 871910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahman, F. (2023, January 19). UAE Securities Regulator Plans to Develop Carbon-Trading Mechanism. The National.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, A. (2023, December 13). An Incremental Advance When Exponential Change Is Needed: AOSIS Statement at COP28 Closing Plenary.Google Scholar
Rathi, A., & Martin, M. (2021, April 6). Aramco’s New Disclosures Still Understate Its Carbon Footprint. Al Jazeera, in Association with Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Rathi, A., Martin, M., & Di Paola, A. (2021, January 21). Aramco Emissions Filings Fail to Account for Full Climate Toll. Al Jazeera.Google Scholar
Now, Renewables. (2018, October 1). Saudi Arabia Halts Mega Solar Project with SoftBank - Report. Renewables Now.Google Scholar
Retsö, J. (2003). The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads. Routledge, pp. 184191.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2018, March 13). Qatar Petroleum Renews Shared Oilfield Concession Pact with UAE.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2020, January 13). UAE to Double Renewable Energy Portfolio in the Next Ten Years.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2021, December 20). Qatar Backs UK’s Rolls-Royce in Small Nuclear Power Project.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2022, February 23). UAE’s Lone Nuclear Plant “Well Protected,” Regulator Says Amid Houthi Threats.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2023, December 13). Alliance of Small Island States Sees “a Litany of Loopholes” in COP28 Text.Google Scholar
Rickli, J.-M., & Gervais, V. (Workshop Directors). (2015). New Security Dynamics in the Gulf and the Transformation of the GCC States’ Security Agenda. Gulf Research Centre Cambridge, p. 3.Google Scholar
Riedel, B. (2021, February 12). The Case of Saudi Arabia’s Mohammed Bin Nayef. Brookings.Google Scholar
Riesman, D. (1964). Introduction. In ibid., p.10 Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society, 2nd ed. Free Press.Google Scholar
Rogin, A. (2023, July 9). How Militaries Are Using Artificial Intelligence on and off the Battlefield. PBS News Weekend.Google Scholar
Roos, G. (2010, April 29). Carbon Market Poised for Growth, More Cases of Carbon Credit Fraud. Environment+Energy Leader.Google Scholar
Roscoe, A. (2014, November 13). Abu Dhabi Revises Tariffs for Electricity and Water. MEED.Google Scholar
Roscoe, A. (2017, March 2). FEWA Coal Power Plant Could Cost $3 Billion. MEED.Google Scholar
Rosen, S. J. (2012). Kuwait Expels Thousands of Palestinians. Middle East Quarterly 19(4, Fall).Google Scholar
Rosenberg, W. G., et al. (Eds.). (1993). Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization. Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Rostow, W. W. (1960). “The Five Stages of Growth: A Summary.” In The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., pp. 416.Google Scholar
S&P Global. (2019, April 8). Saudi Arabia-GCC Gas Pipeline Studies to Commence within Weeks: Falih.Google Scholar
S&P Global. (2023, September 7). Saudi Fiscal Breakeven Oil Prices Seen Skewed by Significant PIF Spending.Google Scholar
S&P Global. (2023, August 20). Saudi Arabia Moves ahead with Its Largest Solar Power Project.Google Scholar
Saba, Y. (2023, July 31). UAE Oil Giant Raises Climate Goal ahead of Key UN Summit. Reuters.Google Scholar
Saba, Y. (2023, November 27). Documents Show UAE Aimed to Pursue Gas Deals ahead of COP28, BBC says. Reuters.Google Scholar
SABIC. (2018, May 23). United Nations Issue Second Carbon Credits to SABIC.Google Scholar
Salah, H. (2024, March 10). Dubai Police Nab Murderer by “Looking into His Brain.” Khaleej Times.Google Scholar
Salimi, M., Hosseinpour, M., & Borhani, T. N. (2022). “Analysis of Solar Energy Development Strategies for a Successful Energy Transition in the UAE.” Processes, 10(7), 1338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salzman, P. C. (2008). The Middle East’s Tribal DNA. Middle East Quarterly, Winter, 2333.Google Scholar
Sanaullah, A., & Ataullah, S. (2023, September 2). Solar Power to Produce 30 percent of Total Electricity by 2030. The Peninsula.Google Scholar
Santiago, M. I. (2006). The Ecology of Oil: Environment, Labor, and the Mexican Revolution, 1900–1938. Cambridge University Press, pp. 164202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, T. D. (1970). “The Structure of Dependence.” The American Economic Review, 60(2), 231236.Google Scholar
Sarrakh, R., Renukappa, S., Suresh, S., & Mushatat, S. (2020, March). Impact of Subsidy Reform on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Economy and Carbon Emissions. Energy Strategy Reviews, p. 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satariano, A., & Mozur, P. (2024, April 25). “To the Future”: Saudi Arabia Spends Big to Become an A.I. Superpower. New York Times.Google Scholar
Saudi Arabia Carbon Dioxide Emissions. (2021). BP Statistical Review of World Energy, p. 15.Google Scholar
Saudi Arabia Permanent Mission to the United Nations. (2009). View of Saudi Arabia with Regards to Climate Change Negotiations.Google Scholar
Saudi Aramco. (2018, October 7). Study Shows Record Low Carbon Intensity of Saudi Crude Oil.Google Scholar
Saudi Census. (2022). The General Authority for Statistics: Saudi Census. https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal.Google Scholar
Saudi Electricity Company. (2017, February 19). SEC and Petroleum, Chemicals & Mining Company Sign a Partnership Agreement to Establish the Green for Carbon Services.Google Scholar
Sauvy, A. (1952, août 14). Trois Mondes, Une Planète, L’Observateur, n 118, p. 14.Google Scholar
Savage, R. (2023, August 24). What Is a BRICS Currency and Is the U.S. Dollar in Trouble? Reuters.Google Scholar
Sayeed, M. (2021, June). Qatar’s National Emission Inventory Report 2019. Arab Youth Climate Movement Qatar (AYCMQ).Google Scholar
Schneider, T. (2022, June 5). Poverty in the UAE and Sheikh Khalifa’s Death. The Borgen Project.Google Scholar
Schoff, W. H. (1912). The Periplus of the Erythræan Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean (Translated by W. H. Schoff). Longmans, Green, pp. 9497.Google Scholar
Scully, J. (2022, February 10). UAE Solar Capacity to Increase Fourfold by End of 2025 Thanks to “Robust.” Development Pipeline.Google Scholar
Shaw-Smith, P. (2011, January 11). Abu Dhabi Wrestles with Gas Dilemma. The Financial Times.Google Scholar
Shiller, R. J. (2000). Irrational Exuberance. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Shwadran, B. (2019). Middle East Oil Crises since 1973. Taylor & Francis.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, L. (1974, June 10). New U.S.-Arab Oil Tie. New York Times.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1966). Models of Man. Wiley.Google Scholar
Sinclair, U. (1927). Oil!. A. & C. Boni.Google Scholar
Sinn, H.-W. (2012). The Green Paradox: A Supply-Side Approach to Global Warming. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solar Feeds. (2023, July 21). The World’s Largest Solar Power Plants.Google Scholar
Sowell, T. (1999). The Vision of the Anointed: Self and Society in a Secular Age. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Stanley, A. (2023, September). African Century. Finance & Development, International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
State of Qatar. (2015). Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) Report. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Qatar/1/Qatar%20INDCs%20Report%20-English.pdf, Accessed May 14, 2023.Google Scholar
Statista, . (2022). Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuels in G20 Countries in 2022. www.statista.com/statistics/723173/g20-carbon-dioxide-emissions-per-capita/.Google Scholar
Stigler, G. (1983). The Organization of Industry. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Straza, T., & Schneegans, S. (2021). Are We Using Science for Smarter Development? UNESCO Science Report: The Race against Time for Smarter Development. UNESCO.Google Scholar
Sultana, F. (2023). Decolonizing Climate Coloniality. In R. Solnit & T. Y. Lutunatabua (Eds.), Not Too Late: Changing the Climate Story from Despair to Possibility, pp. 58–65. https://www.farhanasultana.com/wp-content/uploads/Sultana-Decolonizing-Climate-Coloniality-2023.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sun, Tzu. (2005). The Art of War. Translated by L. Giles. Barnes & Noble.Google Scholar
Svetlova, K. (2021, November 18). The Great Gulf Citizenship Competition. The Media Line.Google Scholar
SWP Comment. (2022, July 21). The Hydrogen Ambitions of the Gulf State: Achieving Economic Diversification While Maintaining Power.Google Scholar
Taher, M., & Hajjar, M. (2014). Energy and Environment in Saudi Arabia: Concerns & Opportunities. Springer, p. 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taleb, N. N. (2010). The Black Swan: Second Edition: The Impact of the Highly Improbable: With a new section: “On Robustness and Fragility.” Random House Trade Paperbacks.Google Scholar
Tanis, F., & Northam, J. (2018, May 2). Culture Shock within Their Own Country: Saudis Come To Grips with Swift Changes. NPR.Google Scholar
Tarbuck, A., & Lester, C. (2009). Dubai’s Legal System: Creating a Legal and Regulatory Framework for a Modern Society. Motivate.Google Scholar
Taxamo. (2020, October 20). VAT in the Gulf: Oman Becomes the 4th State to Introduce a VAT System.Google Scholar
Technical Review Middle East. (February 4, 2019). Hanergy to Set up Region’s First Thin-Film Solar Power Industrial Park in Saudi Arabia.Google Scholar
Thayer, J. H., & Smith, J. H. (1999). Greek Lexicon Entry for Katallasso. The NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon.Google Scholar
The Funambulist. (2012, June 24). # Foucault /// Episode 4: The Cartography of Power.Google Scholar
The New Arab. (2015, March 18). Lebanese Families Given 48 Hours to Leave the UAE, https://www.newarab.com/news/lebanese-families-given-48-hours-leave-uae.Google Scholar
The New York Times. (1953, October 20). ARAMCO CONFIRMS OIL LABOR STRIFE; 13,000 Saudi Arabians Strike after Union Organizers Are Arrested by Regime.Google Scholar
The New York Times. (1986, April 7). Fahd Said to Deny Causing Oil Chaos in Talks with Bush.Google Scholar
The Report Saudi Arabia. (2015). Saudi Arabia’s Legal Framework Evolves alongside Economic Needs.Google Scholar
The UAE Will Grant Citizenship to Promising Foreigners. (2021, January 30). Wion.Google Scholar
The White House. (2024, January 26). FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Announces Temporary Pause on Pending Approvals of Liquefied Natural Gas Exports. www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/01/26/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-temporary-pause-on-pending-approvals-of-liquefied-natural-gas-exports/.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. (2022, August 23). Qatar Deports Migrant Workers after Wage Protest. BBC.Google Scholar
Time. (1959, April 27). Middle East Oil Politics.Google Scholar
Time. (2018, April 5). Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Talks to TIME about the Middle East, Saudi Arabia’s Plans and President Trump. Time Magazine.Google Scholar
Tomeh, G. (1977). “Oapec: Its Growing Role in Arab and World Affairs.” The Journal of Energy and Development, 3(1), 2636.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, L. (2011). Procedural Justice and Climate Change: Defining Who Should Be Included in Decision Making Processes of a Climate Change Negotiation. University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Trombatore, D. (2017, January 20). The Red Sheikh. Texlibris.Google Scholar
Tsai, I. -T. (2018). “Political Economy of Energy Policy Reforms in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Implications of Paradigm Change in the Rentier Social Contract.” Energy Research & Social Science 41, 8996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turak, N. (2023, December 6). Saudi Arabia Offers 30-Year Tax Relief Plan to Lure Regional Corporate HQs. CNBC.Google Scholar
Twidale, S. (2024, February 12). Global Carbon Markets Value Hit Record $949 bln Last Year – LSEG. Reuters. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2520.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. (2009, January 15). U.S.-UAE Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation (123 Agreement). https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/01/114262.htm.Google Scholar
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2023, August 1). Federal Financial Interventions and Subsidies in Energy in Fiscal Years 2016–2022.Google Scholar
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2023, October 11). Saudi Arabia: Facts and Figures. www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/SAU.Google Scholar
U.S. International Development Cooperation Agency. (1981, January). The United States and the Brandt Commission Report.Google Scholar
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Climate-Related Disclosures/ESG Investing. www.sec.gov/securities-topics/climate-esg, Accessed June 29, 2024.Google Scholar
U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. (2010, July 8). Corruption, Auditing and Carbon Emission Reduction Schemes. U4 Expert Answer.Google Scholar
UAE Forms Council for Climate Change and the Environment. (2016, December 26). Cabinet, United Arab Emirates. www.uaecabinet.ae/en/details/news/uae-forms-council-for-climate-change-and-environment, Accessed April 18, 2023.Google Scholar
UAE Government. (n.d.). Artificial Intelligence in Government Policies. United Arab Emirates Government Portal. https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/digital-technology/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-in-government-policies.Google Scholar
Ugal, N. (2022, November 29). Adnoc to Spend $150 Billion in Five Years, Advances 5 Million bpd Production Target to 2027.Google Scholar
Ugal, N. (2023, November 29). Huge Aramco CCS Project Race Puts Trio in Frame for Prize. Upstream.Google Scholar
Umm Al-Qura Newspaper. (2024, February 16). The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) as a Comprehensive Reference for Qualifications.Google Scholar
United Arab Emirates. Elections in the UAE. UAE Government Portal. https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/the-federal-national-council-/elections, Accessed March 6, 2024.Google Scholar
United Nations. Paris Agreement. Adopted December 12, 2015. Entered into force November 4, 2016. United Nations Treaty Collection. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (n.d.). What Is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? United Nations Climate Change. Retrieved 12/14/2024, from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2009). Copenhagen Climate Change Conference - December 2009. UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/conference/copenhagen-climate-change-conference-december-2009, Accessed May 15, 2023.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2023). “COP28 Agreement Signals ‘Beginning of the End’ of the Fossil Fuel Era.” UNFCCC. December 13, 2023.Google Scholar
United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability. (2024, June 27). Comer Probes Amtrak’s Use of Eminent Domain to Assert Control of D.C.’s Union Station.Google Scholar
UN Sustainable Development Group. (2023, December 13). COP28 Ends with Call to “Transition Away” from Fossil Fuels; UN Chief Says Phaseout Is Inevitable.Google Scholar
UN. (2020). Commitments to Netzero Double in Less than a Year. UN Climate Press Release.Google Scholar
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2014, January 22). Promoting Low Carbon Development in Dubai, p. 8.Google Scholar
UNESCO. (2021). From Publications to Policy: China Launches World’s Largest Carbon Market. UNESCO Science Report: The Race against Time for Smarter Development.Google Scholar
UNFCCC. (2001, November 11). The Marrakesh Accords and the Marrakesh Declaration. http://unfccc.int/cop7/documents/accords_draft.pdf.Google Scholar
UNFCCC. (2021). Full NDC Synthesis Report: Some Progress, but Still a Big Concern. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.Google Scholar
UNFCCC. (2022, November 16). Draft Text on COP 27 and CMA 4 Agenda Item 12 and CMP 17 Item 9: Report of the Forum on the Impact of the Implementation of Response Measures. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RM_decision_7.pdf.Google Scholar
United Arab Emirates. (2015). Submission by the United Arab Emirates. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf, Accessed May 18, 2023.Google Scholar
United Arab Emirates. (2022). Updated Second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UAE%20Updated%20Second%20NDC.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Arab Emirates Ministry of Climate Change & Environment. (2023). The United Arab Emirates’ First Long-Term Strategy (LTS): Demonstrating Commitment to Net Zero by 2050.Google Scholar
United Arab Emirates, Ministry of Energy & Infrastructure. (2023, December 4). 5th National Communications Report (NCR). United Arab Emirates Government.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2022). The Global Climate Crisis Is a Racial Justice Crisis: UN Expert. [online] United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/10/global-climate-crisis-racial-justice-crisis-un-expert.Google Scholar
United Nations Climate Change. (2023). UN Climate Change Conference – United Arab Emirates, 30 November–12 December 2023. https://unfccc.int/documents.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. https://population.un.org/wpp/.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (n.d.). http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/items/6036.php.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol. UNFCCC, 2012. http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf, Accessed January 17, 2024.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Durban: Towards Full Implementation of the UN Climate Change Convention. Accessed December 3, 2017.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2011). Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, Decision 1/CP.17. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf, Accessed December 15, 2023.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2015). Paris Agreement. UNFCCC, 2015. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf, Accessed May 23, 2023.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (ct. 22, 2015). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of the United Arab Emirates, p. 2. www4.unfccc.int/ndcregistry/PublishedDocuments/United percent20Arab percent20Emirates percent20First/UAE percent20INDC percent20- percent2022 percent20October.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts. http://unfccc.int/adaptation/workstreams/loss_and_damage/items/8134.php.Google Scholar
United Nations General Assembly. (1962). Resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, “Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources.” A/RES/1803(XVII).Google Scholar
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Waste Emissions Charge. www.epa.gov/inflation-reduction-act/waste-emissions-charge.Google Scholar
Urban, M. (2013). Saudi Nuclear Weapons “on Order” from Pakistan. BBC News, November 6, 2013.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Energy. (2017, September 22). Secretary of Energy Rick Perry Announced $36 Million for Projects to Advance Carbon Capture Technologies. U.S. Department of EnergyGoogle Scholar
Utilities Middle East. (2018, January 27). Saudi Arabia Aims to Increase Energy Efficiency Levels.Google Scholar
van den Berg, H. M. (2023). “Chapter IX.22: Overview of Legal Regimes Governing the Exploration and Production of Petroleum.” In Faure, M. (Ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. Edward Elgar, pp. 257266.Google Scholar
van Der Linden, N. H., van der Linde, C., Lako, P., & van Rooijen, S.N.M. (2000). Analysis of the Impact of the Kyoto Protocol on the Export Revenues of OPEC Member States. Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN), p. 9.Google Scholar
Vause, A. (2019, July 16). The UAE’s Fight against Bribery and Corruption. DLA Piper.Google Scholar
Veblen, T. (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class. Project Gutenberg.Google Scholar
Velasco-Herrejón, P., Lennon, B., & Dunphy, N. P., Eds. (2024). Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South. Routledge.Google Scholar
Vision (2030). The Solar PV Cell & Module Manufacturing Plant. https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/explore/projects/the-solar-pv-cell-module-manufacturing-plant, Accessed December 7, 2024.Google Scholar
Vitalis, R. (2006). America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier. Stanford University Press, pp. 92, 100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vohra, A. (2021, August 24). The Middle East Is Becoming Literally Uninhabitable. Foreign Policy.Google Scholar
Volcovici, V. (2023, December 15). What Are the Loopholes in the COP28 Climate Deal?Google Scholar
Vora, N. (2008). “Producing Diasporas and Globalization: Indian Middle-Class Migrants in Dubai.” Anthropological Quarterly, 81(2), 377406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, G., & Weitzman, M. L. (2015). Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakabayashi, D., & Jones, R. (2018). Saudis, SoftBank Announce Massive Solar Power Project. The Wall Street Journal, March 28, 2018Google Scholar
Waller, A., & Thomson, A. (2013, May 27). A Guide for Environmental Regulation in Dubai, and the Wider UAE. Clyde and Company.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I. (1975). “The Present State of the Debate on World Inequality.” In Wallerstein, I. (Ed.), World Inequality. Black Rose Books, pp. 1228.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I. (1979). The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I. (2011). The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (1st ed.). University of California Press.Google Scholar
WAM (Emirates News Agency). (2025). UAE Aims to Reach 14.2 GW of Renewable Energy Capacity by 2030. Zawya, January 13, 2025Google Scholar
Weissman, S., et al. (2016). Natural Gas as a Bridge Fuel – Measuring the Bridge. San Diego: Center for Sustainable Energy.Google Scholar
Wigwe-Chizindu, V., & Wigwe, C. (2018). “A Critical Examination of the Main Provisions of Modern Concession Agreements.” Journal of Mineral Resources Law, 8(1), 1526.Google Scholar
Wintour, P. (2018). Saudi Arabia Will Develop Nuclear Bomb if Iran Does, Crown Prince Says. The Guardian, March 15, 2018.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wolf-Phillips, L. (1979). “Why Third World?Third World Quarterly, 1(1), 105115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Bank. (2024). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2024. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank Group. (2014). Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Nuclear Association. (Updated April 2022). Nuclear Power in Saudi Arabia. www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/saudi-arabia.aspx.Google Scholar
World Nuclear Association. (2023). Nuclear Power in Saudi Arabia. www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/saudi-arabia.aspx, September 2023.Google Scholar
World Resources Institute. (2021). WRI Analysis of Updated NDCs Reveals Need for Transformational Change.Google Scholar
World Trade Organization. (n.d.). Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: General Provisions. www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/subs_e.htm.Google Scholar
World Trade Organization. (n.d.). Dispute Settlement: DS510: United States – Certain Measures Relating to the Renewable Energy Sector. www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds510_e.htm.Google Scholar
World Trade Organization. (n.d.). Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: Overview. Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (”SCM Agreement”). www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/subs_e.htm.Google Scholar
Wright, R. (2021). Pagan Spain. Beyond Books Hub.Google Scholar
Wright, A. (2024). Unruly Labor: A History of Oil in the Arabian Sea. Stanford Studies in Middle Eastern and Islamic Societies and Cultures. Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wynn, G. (2009, April 8). U.N. Climate Talks Threaten Our Survival: Saudi Arabia. Reuters.Google Scholar
Younis, A. (2018, September 5). Qatar to Become the First Gulf Nation to Grant Permanent Residence to Expats. Al Jazeera.Google Scholar
Žižek, S. (2009). In Defense of Lost Causes. Reprint ed. Verso.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Justin Dargin, University of Oxford
  • Book: The Gulf's Climate Reckoning
  • Online publication: 13 October 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009389495.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Justin Dargin, University of Oxford
  • Book: The Gulf's Climate Reckoning
  • Online publication: 13 October 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009389495.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Justin Dargin, University of Oxford
  • Book: The Gulf's Climate Reckoning
  • Online publication: 13 October 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009389495.014
Available formats
×