The concept of biomimetic systems was introduced in the early definition ofbioelectronics. As we have already seen in the first chapter, the originaldefinition of bioelectronics set by Wolfgang Göpel includes“structures [that] may consist… of chemicallysynthesized units such as molecules, supramolecules andbiologically active (biomimetic) recognition centers” [1]. Over theyears, the concept has been expanded in order to move from simplerecognition systems to biomimetic membranes for voltage shifts ingraphene-based transistors [2], systems for cell separation in the blood[3], electronic noses [4, 5], electronic tongues [6], smart info-chemicalcommunication systems [7], electronic design [8], pancreatic beta-cells [9],and neurons [10].

Artificial brain architectures, with all the neurons fully interconnected inparallel, show issues in terms of scalability, especially because the numberof interconnections scales exponentially with the number of neurons [11],while it would be desirable for it to scale like biologically plausiblearchitectures [11]. This brings us to the concept of bio-inspired orbiomimetic systems as possible solutions to solve problems emerging inextremely complex bioelectronics architectures. Over the years, severalbio-inspired and neuromorphic architectures have been proposed in theliterature for silicon neurons [10], synaptic and neural components made ofNiTi [12, 13], sensors [14], orientation tuning devices [15], and patternrecognition systems [16]. In the direction of more complexity andfunctionality, the present state-of-the-art in the field proposes artificialsystems for pancreas [9], skin [17, 18], cognitive architectures, and brains[19, 20].