Five of the countries discussed in this chapter form part of an organization of Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, also known as PALOP (Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa), founded in 1992 to create an institutional link between the Portuguese ex-colonies Mozambique, Angola, São Tomé e Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde, based on their shared historical experiences and lusophone language policies. In 2010, the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea adopted Portuguese as their official language besides Spanish and French in order to become a member of CPLP (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa). With Portuguese remaining the sole official language in all former colonies, little has been done to study and develop indigenous languages, with Cabo Verde constituting a notable exception. For each country, the account is divided into two sections: one dealing with the study of African languages during the colonial period and the other outlining the situation post-independence, combined with a short assessment of ongoing developments.