‘Abbas, Muhammad. Manarat al-funun wa al-hadara al-Islamiyya (Cairo: Mathaf al-Fann al-Islami, 2010).Google Scholar

Abbott, Nadia. Two Queens of Baghdad; Mother and Wife of Harun al-Rashid (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946).Google Scholar

‘Abd al-Fattah, Muhammad. “Ba‘d al-mulahazat ‘ala al-‘ilaqa bayna murur al-mawakib wa wad‘al-mabani al-athariyya fi shawari‘madinat al-Qahira.” Annales Islamologiques 25 (1991): 1–10.Google Scholar

‘al-Majid, Abd, Layla. “Al-Mahmal ‘abr al-‘usur al-tarikhiyya.” Majalla Kuliyyat al-Lughat wa‘t-Tarjama 7(2) (2014): 156-302.Google Scholar

‘Abd al-Malik, Sami S. “Qit‘a nadira min al-kiswa al-dakhiliyya li’l-ka‘ba al-musharrafa bi’sm al-sultan al-Nasir Hasan bin Muhammad bin Qalawun tu’arrakh bi-sanat 791 AH / 1359–1360 m.” Annales Islamologiques 38 (2004): 57–68.Google Scholar

‘Abd al-Wahhab, Hasan. “al-Athar al-manqula wa’l-muntahala fi’l-‘imra al-Islamiyya.” Bulletin de l’Institut d’Égypte 38 (1955–1956): 243–283.Google Scholar

Abu Sulaiman, ‘Abd al-Wahhab. Al-Amakin al-ma’thura al-mutawattara fi Makka al-mukarrama (London: Al-Furqan, 2009).Google Scholar

Adorno, Theodor W. Aesthetic Theory. Translated by Robert Hullot-Kentor (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Abdulfattah, Iman. “Relics of the Prophet and Practices of His Veneration in Medieval Cairo.” Journal of Islamic Archaeology 1, 1 (2014): 75–104.Google Scholar

Abdulfattah, Iman. “Theft, Plunder, and Loot.” Mamluk Studies Review 20 (2017): 93–132.Google Scholar

Akkach, Samer. “The Eye of Reflection: Al-Nabulusi’s Spatial Interpretation of Ibn ‘Arabi’s Tomb.” Muqarnas 32 (2015): 79–95.Google Scholar

Akkach, Samer. “The Poetics of Concealment: Al-Nabulusi’s Encounter with the Dome of the Rock.” Muqarnas 22 (2005): 110–127.Google Scholar

Aksoy, Sule and Milstein, Rachel, “A Collection of Thirteenth-Century Illustrated Hajj Certificates.” In Schick, Irvin Cemil (ed.), M. Ugur Derman Festschrift: Papers Presented on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Istanbul: Sabanci Universitesi, 2000), 101–134.Google Scholar

Alexandrin, Elizabeth. “Witnessing the Lights of the Heavenly Dominion: Dreams, Visions and the Mystical Exegesis of Shams al-Din al-Daylami.” In Felek, Özgen and Knysh, Alexander (eds.) Dreams and Visions in Islamic Societies, 215–232 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Amin, Muhammad. al-Awqaf wa al-haya al-ijtima‘iyya fi Misr (Cairo: Dar al-Nahda al-‘Arabiyya, 1980).Google Scholar

Amirsoleimani, Soheila. “Clothing in the Early Ghaznavid Courts: Hierarchy and Mystification.” Studia Iranica 32.2 (2003): 213–242Google Scholar

‘Anqawi, ‘Abdallah. “Kiswa al-Ka‘ba fi al-‘asr al-Mamluki.” Majallat Kulliyat al-Adab wa’l-‘Ulum al-Insaniyya 5 (1985): 1–23.Google Scholar

Al-Ansari, ‘Abd al-Rahman. Qaryat al-Fau: A Portrait of Pre-Islamic Civilisation in Saudi Arabia (London: Croom Helm, 1981).Google Scholar

Arjana, Sophia R. Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and Modern Practices (London: Oneworld, 2017).Google Scholar

Al-‘Arif, Yusuf Hasan. Al-Rihla al-Hajjiyya: qira’at fi al-matn wa’l-madamin (Beirut: Al-Intishar al-‘Arabi, 2014).Google Scholar

Asad, Talal. Genealogies of Religion; Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Asad, Talal. “Reflections on Blasphemy and Secular Criticism.” In de Vries, Hent (ed.) Religion: Beyond a Concept, 580–610 (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Asif, Manan Ahmed. “A Demon with Ruby Eyes.” Medieval History Journal 16, 2 (2013): 335–369.Google Scholar

‘Askar, Faruq (ed.) Min dhakirat Mathaf al-Fann al-Islami, 1881m-2010m: mujallad watha’iqi tidhkari: al-‘id al-mi’awi (Cairo: Wizarat al-Thaqafa, al-Majlis al-A‘la li’l-Athar, 2010).Google Scholar

Athamina, Khalil. “The Black Banners and the Socio-Political Significance of Flags and Solgans in Medieval Islam.” Arabica 36, 3 (1989): 307–326.Google Scholar

Aubin-Boltanski, Emma. “Le mawsim de Nabî Mûsâ: processions, espace en miettes et mémoire blessée: Territoires palestiniens (1998–2000).” In Chiffoleau, Sylvia and Madoeuf, Anna (eds.) Les Pèlerinages au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient, 59–80 (Damascus: Presses de l’Institut français du proche orient, 2005).Google Scholar

Austin Kennett, B. L. “The Sacred Litter (Mahmal) of Kharga Oasis.” Man 25 (August 1926): 133–136.Google Scholar

Ayada, Souâd. “L’islam, religion esthétique.” Esprit 305, 6 (June 2004): 115–30.Google Scholar

Aydin, Hilmi. Pavilion of the Sacred Relics, The Sacred Trusts, Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul (Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books, 2014).Google Scholar

Al-Azmeh, Aziz. The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Al-Azmeh, Aziz. “Rhetoric for the Senses: A Consideration of Muslim Paradise Narratives.” Journal of Arabic Literature 26,3 (1995): 215–231.Google Scholar

Baffioni, Carlmela. “From Sense Perception to the Vision of God: A Path Towards Knowledge According to the Ikhwan al-Safa.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 8 (1998): 213–231.Google Scholar

Bakhit, Muhammad A. The Ottoman Province of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century (Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1982).Google Scholar

Bal, Meike. Loving Yusuf: Conceptual Travels From Present to Past (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Banister, Mustafa. “‘Naught Remains to the Caliph but His Title’: Revisiting Abbasid Authority in Mamluk Cairo.” Mamluk Studies Review 18 (2014–2015): 219–245.Google Scholar

Bandyopadhay, Sibaji. Aesthetics of Theft. In Chakrabarti, Arindam (ed.) The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (New York: Bloomsbury, 2016), 195–214.Google Scholar

Al-Barjawi, ‘Abd al-Ra’uf. Fusul fi ‘ilm al-jamal (Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadida, 1981).Google Scholar

Barrucand, Marianne. “Remarks on the Iconography of the Medieval Capitals of Cairo: Form and Emplacement.” In O’Kane, Bernard (ed.) The Iconography of Islamic Art: Studies in Honor of Robert Hillenbrand (New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2005), 23–44.Google Scholar

Bashir, Shahzad. Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions: Nurbakhshiyya Between Medieval and Modern Islam (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Bashir, Shahzad. Sufi Bodies: Religion in Medieval Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Bauden, Frédéric. “Mamluk Era Documentary Studies: The State of the Art.” Mamluk Studies Review 9 (2005): 16–60.Google Scholar

Bauer, Thomas. “Toward an Aesthetics of Mamluk Literature.” Mamluk Studies Review 17 (2013): 2–22.Google Scholar

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. “Between Quarry and Magic: The Selective Approach to Spolia in the Islamic Monuments of Egypt.” In Payne, Alina (ed.) Dalmatia and the Mediterranean: Portable Archeology and the Poetics of Influence (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 402–425.Google Scholar

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. “The Citadel of Cairo: Stage for Mamluk Ceremonial.” Annales Islamologiques 24 (1988): 25–79.Google Scholar

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. Islamic Architecture of Cairo (Leiden: Brill, 1989).Google Scholar

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. “The Islamic History of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.” Muqarnas 23 (2006): 1–14.Google Scholar

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. “The Mahmal Legend and the Pilgrimage of the Ladies of the Mamluk Court.” Mamluk Studies Review 1 (1997): 87–96.Google Scholar

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. “Qaytbay’s Investments in the City of Cairo: Waqf and Power.” Annales Islamologiques 32 (1998): 29–40.Google Scholar

Bell, Catherine. “Performance.” In Taylor, Charles (ed.) Critical Terms for Religious Studies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 205–224.Google Scholar

Bell, Joseph Norment. Love Theory in Later Hanbalite Islam (Albany: State University of New York, 1979).Google Scholar

Bellino, Francesca. “Dhu l-Faqar.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam. 3rd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2007).Google Scholar

Belting, Hans. An Anthropology of Images: Picture, Medium, Body. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Belting, Hans. Florence and Baghdad: Renaissance Art and Arab Science. Translated by Schneider, Deborah Lucas (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Belting, Hans. “Image, Medium, Body: A New Approach to Iconology.” Critical Inquiry 31 (Winter 2005): 302–320.Google Scholar

Bennett, Jane. Vibrant Matter: a Political Ecology of Things (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Berkey, Jonathan. The Transmission of Knowledge in Medieval Cairo: A Social History of Islamic Education (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Betancourt, Roland. “Tempted to Touch: Tactility, Ritual, and Mediation in Byzantine Visuality.” Speculum 91, 3 (2016): 660–689.Google Scholar

Berkey, Jonathan. “Mamluk Religious Policy.” Mamluk Studies Review 13, 2 (2009): 6–22.Google Scholar

Biegman, Nicolaas H. Egypt: Moulids, Saints and Sufis (New York: Kegan Paul, 1990).Google Scholar

Bierman, Irene A. “The Art of the Public Text: Medieval Islamic Rule.” In Lavin, Irving (ed.) World Art: Themes of Unity in Diversity, 3 vols. (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1989), 2:283–290.Google Scholar

Bierman, Irene A. Writing Signs: The Fatimid Public Text (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Bizzari, Heba. “The National Geographic Society Museum.” Tour Egypt (Cairo), March 2, 2019, www.touregypt.net/featurestories/geographic.htmGoogle Scholar

Blackman, Winifred S. The Fellahin of Upper Egypt. Their Religious, Social and Industrial Life to-Day with Special Reference to Survivals from Ancient Times (London: George G. Haarap & Co., 1927).Google Scholar

Blair, Sheila. “Floriated Kufic and the Fatimids.” In Barrucand, Marianne (ed.) L’Égypte fatimide: son art et son histoire (Paris: Presses de l’Univerité de Paris-Sorbonne, 1999), 107–116.Google Scholar

Blair, Sheila and Bloom, Jonathan. “Inscriptions in Art and Architecture.” In McAuliffe, Jane D. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Qur’an (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 181–210.Google Scholar

Blair, Sheila. “Inscriptions on Medieval Islamic Textiles.” In Salim, Muhammad (ed.) Islamische Textilkunst des Mittelalters: aktuelle Probleme (Riggisberg [Switzerland]: Abegg-Stiftung, 1997), 95–104.Google Scholar

Blair, Sheila. Islamic Inscriptions (New York: New York University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Bloom, Jonathan. “The Mosque of al-Hakim in Cairo.” Muqarnas 1 (1983): 15–36.Google Scholar

Bodman, Whitney S. The Poetics of Iblis: Narrative Theology in the Qur’an (CambridgeMA: Harvard University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Bongrani-Fanfoni, Luisa. “On a Re-employed Quartzite Block of the Pharaonic Age.” Göttinger Miszellen: Beiträge zur ägyptologischen Diskussion 117/118 (1990): 143–152.Google Scholar

Bourah, Bijoy H. “The Impersonal Subjectivity of Aesthetic Emotion.” In Chakrabarti, Arindam (ed.) The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (New York: Bloomsbury, 2016), 127–148.Google Scholar

Boustan, Ra’anan. “Jewish Veneration of the ‘Special Dead’ in Late Antiquity and Beyond.” In Hahn, Cynthia and Klein, Holger A. (eds.) Saints and Sacred Matter: the Cult of Relics in Byzantium and Beyond, 61–80 (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, 2015).Google Scholar

Brémond, Édouard. Le Hédjaz dans la Guerre Mondiale (Paris: Payot 1931).Google Scholar

Bresc, Henri. “Les entrées royales des Mamluks: Essai d’approche comparative,” in the École française de Rome (ed.) Genèse de l’État moderne en Méditerranée: approches historique et anthropologique des pratiques et des représentations (Rome: École française de Rome, 1993) 82–96.Google Scholar

Brinner, William M. “The significance of the Harafish and their sultan.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 6 (1963): 190–215.Google Scholar

Broadbridge, Ann. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Brockopp, Jonathan E. “Interpreting Material Evidence: Religion at the ‘Origins of Islam’.” History of Religions 55, 2 (Nov. 2015): 121–147.Google Scholar

Brockopp, Jonathan E. Muhammad’s Heirs: the Rise of Muslim Scholarly Communities, 622–950 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Brown, Bill. “Thing Theory.” Critical Inquiry 28, 1 (Autumn, 2001): 1–22.Google Scholar

Brown, Peter. “Images as a Substitute for Writing.” In Chrystos, Evangelos and Wood, Ian (eds.) Modes of Communication: Proceedings of the First Plenary Conference at Merida (Leiden: Brill, 1999), 15–34.Google Scholar

Buck-Morss, Susan. “Aesthetics and Anaesthetics: Walter Benjamin’s Artwork Essay Reconsidered.” October 62 (1992): 3–41.Google Scholar

Burns, Ross. Aleppo: A History (New York: Routledge, 2017).Google Scholar

Burton, Isabel. The Inner Life of Syria, Palestine, and the Holy Land. 2 vols. (London: H.S. King & Co., 1875).Google Scholar

Burton, Richard. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to al-Madinah and Meccah. 2 vols. (London: George Bell and Sons, 1906).Google Scholar

Butler, Beverly. “Museums and Museum Displays.” In Tilley, Charles et al., (eds.) Handbook of Material Culture (London: Sage, 2006), 480–499.Google Scholar

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex (New York: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar

Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1999).Google Scholar

Bynum, Caroline Walker. Christian Materiality: An Essay on Religion in Late Medieval Europe (New York: Zone Books, 2011).Google Scholar

Calvert, John. Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Campo, Juan. The Other Side of Paradise: Explorations into the Religious Meanings of Domestic Space in Islam (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Canann, Tawfiq. Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine (London: Luzac & Co., 1927).Google Scholar

Cannuyer, Christian. “L’intérêt pour l’Égypte pharaonique à l’époque fatimide; étude sur L’Abrégé des Merveilles (Mukhtasar al-‘aja’ib).” In Barrucand, Marianne (ed.) L’Égypte fatimide: son art et son historire (Paris: Presses de l’Univerité de Paris-Sorbonne, 1999), 483–496.Google Scholar

Çelik, Zeynep. Displaying the Orient: Architecture of Islam at Nineteenth-Century World’s Fairs (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Chapoutot-Remadi, Mounira. “Symbolisme et formalisme de l’élite mamluke: la cérémonie de l’accession à l’émirat.” In Bresc, Henri (ed.) Genèse de l’état moderne en Méditerranée (Rome: École française de Rome, 1993), 61–79.Google Scholar

Chapoutot-Remadi, Rachida. “Liens et relations au sein de l’élite mamluke sous les premiers sultans bahrides: 648/1250–741/1340.” PhD diss., Univeristé de Provence, Aix-en-Provence, 1993. Theses.frGoogle Scholar

Chidester, David. Religion: Material Dynamics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Chih, Rachida. Sufism in Ottoman Egypt: Circulation, Renewal, and Authority in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (New York: Routledge, 2019).Google Scholar

Chih, R. “Un soufi réformiste, le shaykh Muhammad Hasanayn Makhluf (1861–1936).” Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée 95–98 (avril 2002):189–204.Google Scholar

Chittick, William. Divine Love: Islamic Literature and the Path to God (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Cobb, Paul. “Virtual Sacrality: Making Muslim Syria Sacred Before the Crusades,” Medieval Encounters 8, 1 (2003): 35–55.Google Scholar

Cohen, Marcel. et al. (eds.) Répertoire chronologique d’épigraphie arabe (Cairo: Presses de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 1931).Google Scholar

Cohen, Amnon. “An Ottoman Festival (mawsim) Resurrected?” In Wasserstein, David J. and Ayalon, Ami (eds.) Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter (New York: Routledge, 2006) 34–44.Google Scholar

Cohen, Ted and Guyer, Paul. Essays in Kant’s Aesthetics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982).Google Scholar

Colla, Elliott H. Conflicted Antiquities: Egyptology, Egyptomania, Egyptian Modernity (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Cook, Michael. “Pharaonic History in Medieval Egypt.” Studia Islamica 57 (1983): 67–103.Google Scholar

Cooperson, Michael. “Images Without Illustrations: the Visual Imagination in Classical Arabic Biography.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 8 (2001): 7–20.Google Scholar

Corbin, Henry. En Islam iranien; Aspects spirituels et philosophiques 4 vols. (Paris: Gallimard, 1971–1972).Google Scholar

Corbin, Henry. The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism. Translated by Pearson, Nancy (Boulder, CO: Shambhala, 1978).Google Scholar

Corteggiani, Jean-Pierre. “The Site.” In Raymond, André (ed.) Cairo: An Illustrated History (New York: Rizzoi, 2001), 15–55.Google Scholar

Creswell, Keppel Archibald Cameron. Muslim Architecture of Egypt, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1952–1959).Google Scholar

Crowther, Paul. How Pictures Complete Us; The Beautiful, the Sublime, and the Divine (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Cruikshank Dodd, Erica and Khairallah, Shereen. The Image of the Word: A Study of Quranic Verses in Islamic Architecture, 2 vols. (Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1981).Google Scholar

Cutler, Anthony. “Reuse or Use? Theoretical and Practical Attitudes Toward Objects in the Early Middle Ages.” Settimane di Studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo 46 (1999): 1055–1079.Google Scholar

Daftary, Farhad. The Isma‘ilis: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Danto, Arthur. The Abuse of Beauty: Aesthetics and the Concept of Art (Chicago: Open Court, 2006).Google Scholar

Danto, Arthur. The Philosophical Disenfranchisement of Art (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Davis, Richard H. The Lives of Indian Images (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Dawood, Azra. “Failure to Engage: The Breasted-Rockefeller Gift of a New Egyptian Museum and Research Institute at Cairo (1926).” MA thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2010. DSpace@MIT.Google Scholar

De Goeje, Michael Jan. Mémoire sur les Carmates du Bahraïn et les Fatimides (Leiden: Brill, 1886).Google Scholar

De Groot, A. H. “Sandjak-i Sherif.” Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Google Scholar

De Jong, Frederick. Turuq and Turuq-Linked Institutions in Nineteenth Century Egypt: a Historical Study in Organizational Dimensions of Islamic Mysticism (Leiden: Brill, 1978).Google Scholar

De Jong, Frederick. “Turuq and Turuq-Opposition in 20th-Century Egypt.” In de Jong, Frederick (ed.) Sufi Orders in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Egypt and the Middle East (Istanbul: Isis, 1994) 185–196.Google Scholar

De Smet, Daniel. “Le calife fatimide al-Hakim (996–1021) a-t-il voulu s’emparer des reliques du Prophète Muhammad?” In Borgeaud, Phillipe and Volokhine, Youri (eds.) Les objets de la mémoire: pour une approche comparatiste des reliques et de leur culte (New York: Peter Lang, 2005), 247–265.Google Scholar

De Smet, Daniel. “La Translation du Ra’s al-Husayn au Caire Fatimide.” In by Vermulen, Urbain and De Smet, Daniel (eds.) Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk Eras II. Proceedings of the 4th and 5th International Colloquium organized at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in May 1995 and 1996, 2 vols. (Leiden: Peeters, 1998) 2:29–44Google Scholar

De Thévenot, Jean. The Travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant. Translated by R. L’Estrange (London: H. Clark, 1687).Google Scholar

Dekkiche, Malika. “New Source, New Debate: Re-evaluation of the Mamluk-Timurid Struggle for Religious Supremacy in the Hijaz.” Mamluk Studies Review 18, (2014-2015): 246–271.Google Scholar

DeLong-Bas, Natana J. Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Denny, Walter B. “A Group of Silk Islamic Banners.” Textile Museum Journal 4 (1974): 67–81.Google Scholar

Dickinson, Eerik. “Ibn Shahrazuri and the Isnad” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 122, 3 (Jul.–Sep. 2002): 481–505.Google Scholar

Didi-Huberman, Georges. “Has the Epistemological Transformation Taken Place?” In Zimmerman, Michael F. (ed.) The Art Historian: National Traditions and Institutional Practices (Williamstown, MA: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2003), 128–143.Google Scholar

Dols, Michael W. Black Death in the Middle East (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977).Google Scholar

Donner, Fred McGraw. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam (Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard Univeristy Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Dorpmüller, Sabine, Scholz, Jan, Stille, Max, Weinrich, Ines, (eds.) Religion and Aesthetic Experience: Drama – Sermons – Literature (Heidelberg: Heidelberg University Publishing, 2018).Google Scholar

Doughty, Charles Montagu. Travels in Arabia Deserta. 2 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1888).Google Scholar

Ducène, Jean-Charles. “Rites religieux et crue du Nil en Egypte médiévale.” Acta orientalia belgica 23 (2010): 63–76.Google Scholar

Duncan, Carol. “Art Museums and the Ritual of Citizenship.” In Karp, Ivan (ed.) Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display (Washington: Smithsonian Press, 1991), 88–103.Google Scholar

Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Indside Public Art Museums (New York: Routledge, 1995).Google Scholar

Dykstra, Darrell. “Pyramids, Prophets, and Progress: Ancient Egypt in the Writings of ‘Ali Mubarak.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, 1 (1994): 54–65.Google Scholar

Eagleton, Terry. After Theory (New York: Basic Books, 2003).Google Scholar

Eagleton, Terry. The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990).Google Scholar

Ebers, Georg. Egypt: Descriptive, Historical, and Picturesque. 2 vols. Translated by Bell, C. (London: Cassell and Co., 1898).Google Scholar

Ebstein, Michael. “Dhu al-Nun al-Misri and Early Islamic Mysticism.” Arabica 61, 5 (2014): 559–612.Google Scholar

Eddé, Anne-Marie. “Bilad al-Sham, from the Fatimid conquest to the fall of the Ayyubids (359–658/970–1260).” In (6 vols., various editors). The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 2 (ed.) Fierro, Maribel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 2:159–200.Google Scholar

Efendi, Husain and Shaw, Stanford. Ottoman Egypt in the Age of the French Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966).Google Scholar

El Rashidi, Seif and Sam, Bowker. The Tentmakers of Cairo: Egypt’s Medieval and Modern Appliqué Craft (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2018).Google Scholar

El-Bashir, Esam Ahmed. Al-Jamal, Ru’ya Maqasidiyya (London: al-Furqan, 2015).Google Scholar

El-Bizri, Nader. “Classical Optics and the Perspectival Traditions Leading to the Renaissance.” In Charles Carman, and Hendrix, John (eds.), Renaissance Theories of Vision (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2010), 11–30.Google Scholar

El-Bizri, Nader. “A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen’s Optics.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 15 (2005): 189–218.Google Scholar

Elad, Amikam. Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage (Leiden: Brill, 1995).Google Scholar

Elbendary, Amina. Between Riots and Negotiations: Urban Protest in Late Medieval Egypt and Syria (Berlin: EBVerlag, 2012).Google Scholar

Eliade, Mircea. The Sacred and The Profane: The Nature of Religion. Translated by Trask, Willard (New York: Harcourt, 1987).Google Scholar

Eliade, Mircea. Patterns in Comparative Religion. Translated by Sheed, Rosemary (Cleveland, OH: World Publishing, 1963).Google Scholar

Elias, Jamal J. Aisha’s Cushion: Religious Art, Perception, and Practice in Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Elias, Jamal J. Alef is for Allah: Childhood, Emotion, and Visual Culture in Islamic Societies (Oakland: University of California Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Elias, Jamal J. The Throne Carrier of God: the Life and Thought of ‘Ala ad-Dawla as-Simnani (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995).Google Scholar

Ellenbogen, Josh, and Tugenhaft, Aaron, “Introduction.” In Ellenbogen, Josh (ed.) Idol Anxiety (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011), 1–18.Google Scholar

Elsner, Jas. “Iconoclasm as Discourse: From Antiquity to Byzantium.” Art Bulletin 94(2) (2002): 368–394.Google Scholar

Ephrat, Daphna. Spiritual Wayfarers, Leaders in Piety: Sufis and the Dissemination of Islam in medieval Palestine (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Ephrat, Daphna. “Sufism and Sanctity: the genesis of the Wali Allah in Mamluk Jerusalem and Hebron.” In Wasserstein, David J. and Ayalon, Ami (eds.) Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter (New York: Routledge, 2006), 4–18.Google Scholar

Ernst, Carl W. “An Indo-Persian Guide to Sufi Shrine Pilgrimage.” In Smith, Grace M. and Ernst, Carl W. (ed.) Manifestations of Sainthood in Islam (Istanbul: Isis Press 1993), 43–67.Google Scholar

Ernst, Carl W. It’s Not Just Academic!: Essays on Sufism and Islamic Studies (Los Angeles: Sage, 2019).Google Scholar

El-Leithy, Tamer. “Sufis, Copts and the Politics of Piety: Moral Regulation in Fourteenth-century Upper Egypt.” In McGregor, Richard and Sabra, Adam (eds.) The Development of Sufism in Mamluk Egypt (Cairo: Presses de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2006), 75–119.Google Scholar

Ettinghausen, Richard. “Arabic Epigraphy: Communication or Symbolic Affirmation.” In Kouymjian, Dickran (ed.) Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy, and History: Studies in Honor of George C. Miles (Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1974), 297–318.Google Scholar

Ettinghausen, Richard. “Notes on the Lusterware of Spain,” Ars Orientalis 1 (1954): 133–156.Google Scholar

Fahd, Toufic. Le Panthéon de l’Arabie centrale à la veille de l’Hégire (Paris: Librarie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1968).Google Scholar

Farihi, Fatima bint Muhammad. “Azmat al-mahmal wa ta‘amul al-malik ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ma‘a-ha 1344/1926.” Majalla Jami’a Umm al-Qura al-Sharifa 59 (2013): 359–402.Google Scholar

Faroqhi, Suraiya. Herrscher über Mekka: die Geschichte der Pilgerfahrt (Munich: Artemis, 1990).Google Scholar

Faroqhi, Suraiya. Pilgrims and Sultans: the Hajj under the Ottomans, 1517–1683 (New York: Tauris, 1994).Google Scholar

Felman, Shoshana. The Scandal of the Speaking Body (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Fernandes, Leonor. “The Foundation of Baybars al-Jashankir: Its Waqf, History, and Architecture. Muqarnas 4 (1987): 21–42.Google Scholar

Finster, Barbara. “The Material Culture of Pre-and Early Islamic Arabia.” In Flood, Finbarr Barry and Necipoglu, Gülru (eds.) A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture, 2 vols. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2017) 61–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fisher, Philip. Making and Effacing Art: Modern American Art in a Culture of Museums (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Between Cult and Culture: Bamyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum.” The Art Bulletin 84, 4 (2002): 641–659.Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “An Ambiguous Aesthetic: Crusader Spolia in Ayyubid Jerusalem.” In Auld, Sylvia and Hillenbrand, Robert (eds.) Ayyubid Jerusalem: The Holy City in Context, 1187–1250 (London: Al-Tajir Trust, 2009) 202–215.Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “From the Prophet to Postmodernism? New World Orders and the End of Islamic Art.” In Mansfield, Elizabeth (ed.) Making Art History: A Changing Discipline and its Institutions (New York: Routledge, 2007) 31–53.Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. The Great Mosque of Damascus: Studies on the Makings of an Umayyad Visual Culture (Leiden: Brill, 2001).Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “The Iconography of Light in the Monuments of Mamluk Cairo.” In Lyle, Emily (ed.) Sacred Architecture in the Traditions of India, China, Judaism, and Islam (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992)169–93.Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Image Against Nature: Spolia as Apotropaia in Byzantium and the Dar al-Islam.” The Medieval History Journal 9, 1 (2006): 143–166.Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Light in Stone: The Commemoration of the Prophet in Umayyad Architecture.” In Johns, Jeremy (ed.) Bayt al-Maqdis: Jerusalem and Early Islam (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 311–359.Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval “Hindu-Muslim” Encounter (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Refiguring Iconoclasm in the Early Indian Mosque.” In McClanan, Anne and Johnson, Jeffrey (eds.) Negating the Image: Case Studies in Iconoclasm (New York: Ashgate, 2005), 15–40.Google Scholar

Flood, Gavin. Beyond Phenomenology: Rethinking the Study of Religion (New York: Continuum, 1999).Google Scholar

Fodor, Alexander. “The Origins of the Arabic Legends of the Pyramids.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 23, 3 (1970): 335–363.Google Scholar

Freedberg, David. The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Frenkel, Miriam. “Constructing the Sacred: Holy Shrines in Aleppo and Its Environs.” In Vermulen, Urbain and D’Hulster, Kristof (eds.) Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk Eras. VI. Proceedings of the 14th and 15th International Colloquium Organized at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in May 2005 and May 2006 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), 63–78.Google Scholar

Frenkel, Yehoshua. “Baybars and the Sacred Geography of Bilad al-Sham,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 25 (2001): 153–170.Google Scholar

Friedman, Yohanan. “‘Kufa is better’: The sanctity of Kufa in early Islam and Shi’ism in particular” Le muséon 126, 1–2 (2013): 203–37.Google Scholar

Gallin, Pauli. “Mamluk Art Objects in Their Architectural Context.” Ph.D diss., Boston College, 2017. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.Google Scholar

Gamboni, Dario. The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977).Google Scholar

Garcin, Jean-Claude. Espaces, pouvoirs et idéologies de l’Égypte médiévale (London: Variorum Reprints, 1987).Google Scholar

Gardiner, Noah. “Esotericist Reading Communities and the Early Circulation of the Sufi Occultist Ahamd al-Buni’s Works.” Arabica 64, 3–4 (2017): 405–441.Google Scholar

Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. Le Pèlerinage à la Mekke: étude d’histoire religieuse (Paris: Geunther 1977).Google Scholar

Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. “Notes sur la Mekke et Médine.” Revue de l’histoire des religions 39 (1918): 316–344.Google Scholar

Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. “Le Voile de la Ka‘ba.” Studia Islamica 2 (1954):5–21.Google Scholar

Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973).Google Scholar

Geertz, Clifford. Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968).Google Scholar

Geoffroy, Éric. Le Soufisme en Égypte et en Syrie sous les derniers mamelouks et les premiers ottomans: orientations spirituelles et enjeux culturels (Damascus: Presses de l’institut français du proche orient: 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilsenan, Michel. Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt: An Essay in the Sociology of Religion (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973).Google Scholar

Golombek, Lisa. “The Draped Universe of Islam.” In Ettinghausen, Richard and Soucek, Priscilla (eds.) Content and Context of Visual Arts in the Islamic World. 25–50 (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Gombrich, Ernst Hans Joseph. The Sense of Order: A Study in the Psychology of Decorative Art, 2nd edn. (New York: Phaidon, 1984).Google Scholar

Gonnella, Julia. The Citadel of Aleppo; Description, History, Site Plan, and Visitor Tour (Geneva: Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2008).Google Scholar

Gonnella, Julia. “Columns and Hieroglyphs: Magic Spolia in Medieval Islamic Architecture of Northern Syria.” Muqarnas 27 (2010): 103–120.Google Scholar

Gonzalez, Valerie. Beauty and Islam: Aesthetics in Islamic Art and Architecture (New York: I. B. Tauris, 2001).Google Scholar

Grabar, Oleg. “Islam and Iconoclasm.” In Bryer, Anthony, and Herrin, Judith (eds.) Iconoclasm: Papers Given at the Ninth Spring Syposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Birmingham, March 1975 (Birmingham: Center for Byzantine Studies, 1977), 45–52.Google Scholar

Grabar, Oleg. “Kubbat al-Sakhra.” Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Google Scholar

Grabar, Oleg. The Mediation of Ornament (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Grabar, Oleg. “The Story of Portraits of the Prophet Muhammad.” Studia Islamica 96, (2003): 19–38.Google Scholar

Greenlagh, Michael. “Spolia: A Definition in Ruins.” In Brilliant, Richard (ed.) Reuse Value: Spolia and Appropriation in Art and Architecture (London: Taylor & Francis, 2016), 79–95.Google Scholar

Griffith, Sidney H. “Theodore Abu Qurrah’s Arabic Tract on the Christian Practice of Venerating Images.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 105, 1, (Jan.–Mar. 1985): 53–73.Google Scholar

Gril, Denis. “Le corps du Prophète.” Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée 113–114 (2006): 37–57.Google Scholar

Gruber, Christiane. “In Defense and Devotion: Affective Practices in Early Modern Turco-Persian Manuscript Paintings.” In Rizvi, Kishwar (ed.) New Studies in Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Art and Culture (Leiden: Brill, 2018), 95–123.Google Scholar

Gruber, Christiane. The Praiseworthy One: the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic Texts and Images (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Gruber, Christiane. “The Prophet Muhammad’s Footprint.” In Robert, Hillenbrand, Peacock, A. C. S., Abdullaeva, Firuza (eds.) Ferdowsi, the Mongols, and the History of Iran, 297–305 (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2013).Google Scholar

Haarmann, Ulrich. “In Quest of the Spectacular: Noble and Learned Visitors to the Pyramids Around 1200 AD.” In Hallaq, Wael and Little, Donald P. (eds.) Islamic Studies Presented to Charles J. Adams (Leiden: Brill, 1991), 57–67.Google Scholar

Haarmann, Ulrich. “Regional Sentiment in Medieval Islamic Egypt.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43 (1980): 55–66.Google Scholar

Haase, Clause-Peter. “Some Aspects of Fatimid Calligraphy on Textiles.” In Barrucand, Marianne (ed.) L’Égypte fatimide: son art et son historire (Paris: Presses de l’Univerité de Paris-Sorbonne, 1999), 339–347.Google Scholar

Hahn, Cynthia, J. Strange Beauty: Issues in the Making and Meaning of Reliquaries, 400-circa 1204 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Hahn, Cynthia. J. “What Do Reliquaries Do for Relics?” Numen 57 (2010): 284–316.Google Scholar

Halevi, Leor. Muhammad’s Grave: Death Rites and the Making of Islamic Society (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Hallenberg, Helena. Ibrahim al-Dasuqi (1255–1296). A Saint Invented (Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2005).Google Scholar

Halm, Heinz. “Al-Shamsa. Hängekronen als Herrshaftszeichen der Abbasiden und Fatimiden,” In Vermeulen, Urbain and De Smet, Daniel (eds.) Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras (Leuven: Peeters, 1995), 126–138.Google Scholar

Hampikian, Nairy. “Mu’ayyad Shaykh and the Landscape of Power.” Annales Islamologioques 46 (2012): 195–214.Google Scholar

Hanna, Nelly. An Urban History of Bulaq in the Mamluk and Ottoman Periods (Cairo: Presses de Institut Français d’Achéologie Orientale, 1983).Google Scholar

Al-Harithy, Howayda. “The Concept of Space in Mamluk Architecture.” Muqarnas 18 (2001): 73–93.Google Scholar

Harrell, James A. Lorenzo Lazzarini, Mathias Bruno. “Reuse of Roman Ornamental Stones in Medieval Cairo, Egypt/” www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/faculty/harrell/egypt/mosques/ASMOSIA_VI_Text.htm (retrieved online August 3, 2016).Google Scholar

Harris, Rachel and Dawut, Rahliä, “Mazar Festivals of the Uyghurs: Music, Islam and the Chinese State.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology 11, 1 (2002):101–118.Google Scholar

Hasan, Hebatallah Muhammad Fathi and Ahmad, Hamada. Al-Mahmal al-Misri: dirasa tarikhiyya.” Majalla ithaf al-jami‘at al-‘arabiyya li-l-siyaha wa‘l-diyafa 6(2) (2009): 25–50.Google Scholar

Hassan, Mona. Longing for the Lost Caliphate: A Transregional History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Hassan, Mona. “Poetic Memories of the Prophet’s Family: Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani’s Panegyrics for the ‘Abbasid Sultan-Caliph of Cairo al-Musta‘in.” Journal of Islamic Studies 29, 1 (2018): 1–24.Google Scholar

Hasebe, Fumihiko. “Popular Movements and Jaqmaq, the Less Paternalistic Sultan: Some Aspects of Conflict in the Egyptian Cities, 1449–52.” Annals of Japan Association for Middle East Studies 20, 2 (2005): 27–51.Google Scholar

Hawting, Gerald R. The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic to History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Hawting, Gerald R. “The Origins of the Muslim Sanctuary in Mecca” in Juynboll, Gauthier H. A. (ed.) Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1982), 23–47.Google Scholar

Haykal, Muhammad Husayn. Fi manzil al-wahy (Cairo: Maktaba al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1939).Google Scholar

Healey, John F. The Religion of the Nabataeans (Leiden: Brill, 2001).Google Scholar

Heo, Angie. The Political Lives of Saints: Christian-Muslim Mediation in Egypt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Hillenbrand, Carole. The Crusades, Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Hillenbrand, Robert. “Qur’anic epigraphy in medieval Islamic architecture.” Revue des Études Islamiques 54 (1986): 171–187.Google Scholar

Hilmi, Ibrahim. Al-Mahmal: rihla sha‘biyya fi wijan al-umma (Cairo: Maktabat al-Turath al-Islami, 1993).Google Scholar

Hinds, Martin. “The Banners and Battle cries of the Arabs at Siffin (AD 657).” In Hinds, Martin et al., (eds.)Studies in Early Islamic History (Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press, 1996), 97–142.Google Scholar

Hirschler, Konrad. Medieval Damascus: Plurality and Diversity in an Arabic Library: The Ashrafiya Library Catalogue (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Hirschler, Konrad. “The ‘Pharaoh’ Anecdote in Pre-Modern Arabic Historiography.” Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 10 (2010): 24–44.Google Scholar

Hirschler, Konrad. The Written Word in the Medieval Arabic Lands: a Social and Cultural History of Reading Practices (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Hirschkind, Charles. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Hirschkind, Charles. “Prayer Machine: An Introduction.” Material Religion 12.1 (2016): 97–98.Google Scholar

Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam, 3 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977).Google Scholar

Hodgson, Marshall G. S. “Islam and Image.” History of Religions 3, 2 (Winter, 1964): 220–260.Google Scholar

Hofer, Nathan. The Popularization of Sufism in Ayyubid and Mamluk Egypt, 1173–1325 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar

Hoffman, Valery J. “Annihilation in the Messenger of God: the Development of a Sufi Practice.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 31 (1999): 351–369.Google Scholar

Hollywood, Amy. Acute Melancholia and Other Essays (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Homerin, Th. Emil. “Saving Muslim Souls: The Khanqah and the Sufi Duty in Mamluk Lands.” Mamluk Studies Review 3 (1999): 59–81.Google Scholar

Humphreys, Stephen. From Saladin to the Mongols: the Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977).Google Scholar

Humphreys, Stephen. “The Expressive Intent of the Mamluk Architecture of Cairo: A Preliminary Essay.” Studia Islamica 35 (1972): 69–119.Google Scholar

Humphreys, Stephen. “Women as Patrons of Architecture in Ayyubid Damascus.” Muqarnas 11 (1994): 35–54.Google Scholar

Al-Ibrashy, May. “The Life and Times of the Mamluk Turba: Processual Subversion of Inceptual Intent” Annales Islamologioques 46 (2012): 145–166.Google Scholar

Irfan, Ahmed. “The Destruction of the Holy Sites in Mecca and Medina,” Islamica 15 (2006): 71–74.Google Scholar

Irwin, Robert. “Journey to Mecca: A History (part 2)” in Porter, Venetia (ed.) Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam (London: British Museum Press, 2012), 136–219.Google Scholar

Irwin, Robert. The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate 1250–1382 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986).Google Scholar

Jahdani, Abdelouahad. “Du fiqh à la codicology: quelques opinions de Malik (m. 179/796) sur le Coran-codex.” Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph 59 (2006): 269–279.Google Scholar

Jakeman, Jane. “Abstract Art and Communication in ‘Mamluk’ Architecture.” PhD diss., University of Oxford, Oxford, 1993. British Library, British Thesis Service.Google Scholar

Al-Jarim, Muhammad N. Adyan al-Arab fi al-Jahiliyya (Cairo: Matba‘a al-Sa‘ada, 1923).Google Scholar

Jay, Martin. “Cultural Relavtivism and the Visual Turn.” Journal of Visual Culture 1, 3 (2002): 267–278.Google Scholar

Johansen, Julian. Sufism and Islamic Reform in Egypt: The Battle for Islamic Tradition (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996).Google Scholar

Jomier, Jacques. “Le Mahmal de Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri (début XVI siècle).” Annales Islamologiques 11, (1972): 183–188.Google Scholar

Jomier, Jacques. Le Mahmal et la caravane Égyptienne des pèlerins de la Mecque (XIII-XX siècles) (Cairo: Presses de Institut Français d’Achéologie Orientale, 1953).Google Scholar

Al-Ju’beh, Nazami. “Kiswa (tomb cover) for the Prophet of God, Ibrahim (Abraham)” in “Discover Islamic Art: Museum With No Frontiers” 2019 (online)Google Scholar

Kaptein, Nicolaas J. G. “Mawlid.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel. The Critique of Judgment. Translated by Bernard, J. (New York: Prometheus, 2000).Google Scholar

Karamustafa, Ahmet T. God’s Unruly Friends: Dervish Groups in the Later Islamic Middle Period (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Karamustafa, Ahmet T. Sufism: The Formative Period (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Katz, Jonathan G. Dreams, Sufism, and Sainthood: The Visionary Career of Muhammad al-Zawawi (Leiden: Brill 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Katz, Jonathan G. “Dreams and Their Interpretation in Sufi Thought and Practice.” In Felek, Özgen and Knysh, Alexander (eds.) Dreams and Visions in Islamic Societies (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2013), 181–198.Google Scholar

Keane, Webb. “The Evidence of The Senses and The Materiality of Religion.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14, 1, (2008): 110–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelly, Sean D. “Seeing Things in Merleau-Ponty.” In Carman, Taylor (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Merleau-Ponty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 74–110.Google Scholar

Kenney, Ellen. Power and Patronage in Medieval Syria: The Architecture and Urban Works of Tankiz al-Nasiri (Chicago: Middle East Documentation Center, 2009).Google Scholar

Kermani, Navid. God is Beautiful: The Aesthetic Experience of the Quran. Translated by Crawford, Tony (Malden, MA: Polity, 2014).Google Scholar

Kester, Grant H. “Aesthetics after the End of Art: an interview with Susan Buck-Morss” Art Journal 56, 1 (1997): 38–45.Google Scholar

Al-Khadimi, Nur al-Din, “Al-funun al-khadima li’l-maqasid wa al-maqasid al-khadima li’l-funun.” In Ghanem, Ibrahim al-Bayumi (ed.) Al-funun fi daw’ maqasid al-shari‘a al-Islamiyya (London: al-Furqan, 2017).Google Scholar

Khaleq, Nancy. Damascus after the Muslim Conquest: Text and Image in Early Islam (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Khaleq, Nancy. “Medieval Muslim Martyrs to the Plague: Venerating the Companions of Muhammad in the Jordan Valley.” In Hahn, Cynthia and Klein, Holger A. (eds.) Saints and Sacred Matter: the Cult of Relics in Byzantium and Beyond (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, 2015), 83–98.Google Scholar

Khan, Majeed. “Rock Art of Saudi Arabia.” Arts 2 (2013): 447–475.Google Scholar

Khosronejad, Pedram. The Art and Material Culture of Iranian Shi’ism: Iconography and Religious Devotion in Shi’i Islam (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014).Google Scholar

Khoury, Nuha N. “The Dome of the Rock, the Ka‘ba, and Ghumdan: Arab Myths and Umayyad Monuments.” Muqarnas 10 (1993): 57–66.Google Scholar

Khoury, Nuha N. “The Mihrab Image: Commemorative Themes in Medieval Islamic Architecture.” Muqarnas 9 (1992): 11–28.Google Scholar

King, Geoffrey R. D. “Islam, Iconoclasm, and the Declaration of Doctrine.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, 2 (1985): 267–277.Google Scholar

King, Geoffrey R. D. “The Sculptures of the Pre-Isalmic Haram at Mecca.” In Ball, Warwick, Harrow, Leonard and Pinder-Wilson, Ralph (eds.) Cairo to Kabul: Afghan and Islamic Studies Presented to Ralph Pinder-Wilson (London: Melisende, 2002), 144–150.Google Scholar

King, Geoffrey R. D. The Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia (London: Tauris, 1998).Google Scholar

King, Richard “The Copernican Turn in the Study of Religion.” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 25 (2013): 137–159.Google Scholar

Kinney, Dale. “Introduction.” In Brilliant, Richard and Kinney, Dale (eds.) Reuse Value: Spolia and Appropriation in Art and Architecture from Constantine to Sherrie Levine (Burlington: Ashgate Publishing, 2011), 1–12.Google Scholar

Kister, M. J. “Maqam Ibrahim. A Stone with an Inscription.” Le Muséon 84 (1971): 477–491.Google Scholar

Kister, M. J. “Mecca and the Tribes of Arabia: Some Notes on Their Relations.” In Sharon, Moshe (ed.) Studies in Islamic History and Civilization in Honor of Professor David Ayalon (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 33–58.Google Scholar

Kister, M. J. “Sanctity Joint and Divided.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 20 (1996): 18–65.Google Scholar

Klunzinger, Karl B. Upper Egypt: Its People and Its Products. A Descriptive Account of the Manners, Customs, Superstitions, and Occupations of the People of the Nile Valley, the Desert, and the Red Sea Coast, with Dketches of the Natural History and Geology (London: Blackie & Son, 1878).Google Scholar

Knysh, Alexander. Ibn ‘Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (New York: State University of New York Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Knysh, Alexander. Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Kopytoff, Igor. “The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process” in Appadurai, Arjun (ed.) The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 64–91.Google Scholar

Kriss, Rudolf and Kriss-Heinrich, Hubert. Volksglaube in Bereich des Islam. 2 vols. (Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, 1960–1962).Google Scholar

Kugle, Scott Alan. Sufis and Saints’ Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Kukkonen, Taneli. “The Good, the Beautiful, and the True; Aesthetical Issues in Islamic Philosophy.” Studia Orientalia 111 (2011): 95–111.Google Scholar

Lammens, Henri. “Culte de Bétyles et des processions chez les Arabes préislamites” Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale 17 (1920): 39–101.Google Scholar

Lamoreaux, John C. The Early Muslim Tradition of Dream Interpretation (Albany: State University of New York, 2002).Google Scholar

Lane, Edward William and Lane-Poole, Stanley, Cairo Fifty Years Ago (London: J. Murray, 1896).Google Scholar

Lane, Edward William. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (Cairo: Livres de France. 1989).Google Scholar

Lange, Christian. “Legal and Cultural Aspects of Ignominious Parading (Tashhir) in Islam.” Islamic Law and Society 14, 1, (2007): 81–108.Google Scholar

Langhi, Fatima Z. A. “‘Ajami Mysteries of Sitt ‘Ajam bint al-Nafis.” Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi Society 46 (2009), access online www.ibnarabisociety.org/articles/sitt-ajam.html#note5 (January 2019).Google Scholar

Lapidus, Ira. Muslim Cities in the Latter Middle Ages (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967).Google Scholar

Laoust, Henri. “La biographie d’Ibn Taimiya d’après Ibn Kathir.” Bulletin d’études orientales 9 (1942): 115–162.Google Scholar

Lauzière, Henri. The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Le Strange, Guy. Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 (London: Committee of the Palestinian Exploration Fund, 1890).Google Scholar

Leaman, Oliver. Islamic Aesthetics: An Introduction (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Lecker, Michael. “Idol Worship in Pre-Islamic Yamama” unpublished paper available on academia.edu (January 2018).Google Scholar

Lecker, Michael. “Wadd, the Weaponed Idol of Dumat al-Jandal and the Qussas.” In Sachet, Isabelle (ed.) Dieux et déesses d’Arabie: images et représentations (Paris: De Boccard, 2012), 123–130.Google Scholar

Lecker, Michael. “Was Arabian Idol Worship Declining on the Eve of Islam?” In Lecker, Michael (ed.) People, Tribes and Society in Arabia Around the Time of Muhammad (London: Routledge, 2005), 2–43.Google Scholar

Leeder, Simon H. Veiled Mysteries of Egypt (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1913).Google Scholar

Legrain, Georges. Louqsor sans les Pharaons; Légendes et Chansons de la Haute Égypte (Brussels: Vromant & Co., 1914).Google Scholar

Leisten, Thomas. “Dynastic Tomb or Private Mausolea?” In Barucand, Marianne (ed.) L’Égypte fatimide: son art et son histoire, (Paris: Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1999), 465–478.Google Scholar

Lev, Yaacov. Saladin in Egypt (Leiden: Brill, 1998).Google Scholar

Levtzion, Nehemia. “Mamluk Egypt and Takrur (West Africa)” in Sharon, Moshe (ed.) Studies in Islamic History and Civilization in Honor of Professor David Ayalon (Leiden: Brill, 1986), 183–208.Google Scholar

Lindberg, David C. Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976).Google Scholar

Little, Donald. “The Fall of ‘Akka in 690/1291: the Muslim Version.” In Sharon, Moshe (ed.) Studies in Islamic History and Civilization in Honor of Professor David Ayalon (Leiden: Brill, 1986), 159–181.Google Scholar

Loiseau, Julien. Les Mamelouks: XIIIe-XVIe siècle: une expérience du pouvoir dans l’islam médiéval (Paris: Seuil, 2014).Google Scholar

Loiseau, Julien. “Le tombeau des sultans: Constructions monumentales et stratégies funéraires dans les sultanats mamelouk et ottoman.” Turcica 41 (2009): 305–340.Google Scholar

Lorand, David. “A Block of Ramesses II Reused as a Threshold in the Wakala of Qawsun (Cairo).” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 99 (2013): 270–273.Google Scholar

Lory, Pierre. “L’interprétation des rêves de portée religieuse chez Ibn Shahin.” In McGregor, Richard and Sabra, Adam (eds.) The Development of Sufism in Mamluk Egypt (Cairo: Presses de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2006), 259–266.Google Scholar

Lory, Pierre. “La vision du prophète en rève dans l’onirocritique musulmane.” In Chaumont, Éric et al., (eds.) Autour du regard: mélanges Gimaret (Louvain: Peeters, 2003), 181–212.Google Scholar

Luizard, Pierre-Jean. “Un mawlid particulier.” Étypte-monde arabe 14 (1993): 79–102.Google Scholar

Mackie, Louise W. Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th–21st Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Madelung, Wilfred. “Karmati.” Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Google Scholar

Maghen, Ze’ev. “See No Evil: Morality and Methodology in Ibn al-Qattan al-Fasi’s Ahkam al-nazar bi-hissat al-basar.” Islamic Law and Society 14.3 (2007) 342–390.Google Scholar

Mahmood, Saba. Politics of Piety: the Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Majeed, Tehnyat. “The Char Muhammad Inscription, Shafa‘a, and the Mamluk Qubbat al-Mansuriyya.” In Günther, Sebastian and Lawson, Todd (eds.) Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 1010–1032.Google Scholar

Makdisi, George. “The Topography of Eleventh Century Baghdad: Materials and Notes (II).” Arabica 6, = 3 (1959): 281–309.Google Scholar

Maloy, John. “Celebrating the Mahmal; the Rajab Festival in Fifteenth Century Cairo.” In Pfeiffer, Judith and Quinn, Sholeh (eds.) History and Historiography of Post Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East: Studies in Honor of John E. Woods (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2006), 404–427.Google Scholar

Mandair, Arvind-Pal Sing. Religion and the Specter of the West: Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality, and the Politics of Translation (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Mansur, Safi al-Din. La Risala de Safi al-Din ibn Abi al-Mansur ibn Zafir: biographies des maîtres spirituels connus par un cheikh égyptien du VIIe/XIIIe siècle. Edited and translated by Gril, Denis (Cairo: Presses de l’Insitut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1986).Google Scholar

Margoliouth, David Samuel. “Sa‘diya.” In Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam (New York: Brill, 1991).Google Scholar

Marmon, Shaun. Eunuchs and Sacred Boundaries in Islamic Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).Google Scholar

Martini Bonadeo, Cecilia. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, s.v. “‘Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi” (Fall 2015 Edition) https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/al-baghdadi/Google Scholar

Mas, Ruth. “Refiguring Translation in Religious Studies.” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 23, (2011): 143–159.Google Scholar

Massignon, Louis. “Seconde note sur l’état d’avancement des études archéologiques arabes en Égypte, hors du Caire.” Bulletin de l’institut français d’archéologie orientale 9 (1909): 83–98.Google Scholar

Maundrell, Henry. A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, at Easter, A.D. 1697 (Oxford: printed at the Theater, 1703).Google Scholar

Mayer, Leo A. Mamluk Costume; A Survey (Geneva: Albert Ku).Google Scholar

Mayer, Leo A. Saracenic Heraldry, A Survey (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933).Google Scholar

Mayeur-Jaouen, Catherine. “Les processions pèlerines en Égypte: pratiques carnavalesques et intinéraires politiques, les inventions successives d’une tradition.” In Chiffoleau, Sylvia and Madoeuf, Anna (eds.) Les pèlerinages au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient: espaces publics, espaces du public (Damascus: Presses de l’Institut français du proche orient, 2005), 217–233.Google Scholar

McClary, Richard Pian. “The Re-use of Byzantine Spolia in Rum Saljuq Architecture.” bfo-Journal 1 (2015):14–22Google Scholar

McCutcheon, Russell T. Critics Not Caretakers: Redescribing the Public Study of Religion (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001).Google Scholar

McCutcheon, Russell T. Manufacturing Religion: the Discourse on Sui Generis Religion and the Politics of Nostalgia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).Google Scholar

McGregor, Richard. “Ansari, Zakariyya.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2007).Google Scholar

McGregor, Richard. “Grave visitation.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edn. (Leiden: Brill, 2007).Google Scholar

McGregor, Richard. “Is this the End of Medieval Sufism?” In Chih, Rachida, Mayeur-Jaouen, Catherine, et al., (eds.) Sufism in the Ottoman Era (16th–18^th C.), C(airo: Presses de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 2010), 83–100.Google Scholar

McGregor, Richard. Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafa’ Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn ‘Arabi (Albany: State University of New York, 2004).Google Scholar

McPherson, Joseph W. Moulids of Egypt (New York: Kegan Paul, 1990).Google Scholar

Meinecke, Michael. Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists (New York: New York University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Meinecke-Berg, Victoria. “Spolien in der mittelalterlichen Architektur von Kairo.” In Posener-Krieger, Paule et al. (eds.) Ägypten, Dauer und Wandel: Symposium anlässlich des 75 Jährigen Bestehens des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts Kairo am 10. und 11. Oktober 1982 (Mainz: Ph. Von Zabern, 1985), 153–159.Google Scholar

Meloy, John. Imperial Power and Maritime Trade: Mecca and Cairo in the Latter Middle Ages (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Melvin-Koushki, Matthew, “How to Rule the World: Occult-Scientific Manuals of the Early Modern Persian Cosmopolis.” Journal of Persianate Studies 11, 2 (2019): 140–154.Google Scholar

Melvin-Koushki, Matthew, “Introduction: De-orienting the Study of Islamicate Occultism.” Arabica 64, 3–4 (2017): 287–295.Google Scholar

Meri, Josef W. “A Late Medieval Syrian Pilgrimage Guide: Ibn al-Hawrani’s Al-Isharat Ila Amakin Al-Ziyarat (Guide to Pilgrimage Places).” Medieval Encounters 7, 1 (2001): 3–78.Google Scholar

Meri, Josef W. The Cult of the Saints Among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Meri, Josef W. “Relics of Piety and Power in Medieval Islam.” Past and Present supp. 5 (2010): 97–120.Google Scholar

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Smith, Colin (London: Routledge, 1962).Google Scholar

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Visible and the Invisible. Translated by Lingis, Alphonso (Evanston, IL: Northwest University Press, 1968).Google Scholar

Mernissi, Fatima. The Forgotten Queens of Islam (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Meyer, Birgit and Verrips, Jojada, “Aesthetics.” In Morgan, David (ed.) Key Words in Religion, Media, and Culture (New York: Routledge, 2008), 20–30.Google Scholar

Meyer, Birgit. “Powerful Pictures: Popular Christian Aesthetics in Southern Ghana.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 76, 1 (2008): 82–110.Google Scholar

Michot, Jean. “Les fresques du pèlerinage au Caire.” AARP; Art and Archaeology Research Papers 13 (1978): 7–21.Google Scholar

Miles, Margaret R. “Image.” In Taylor, Mark C. (ed). Critical Terms for Religious Studies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 160–172.Google Scholar

Milstein, Rachel. “Futuh-i Haramayn: Sixteenth-century Illustrations of the Hajj Route.” In Wasserstein, David J. and Ayalon, Ami (eds.) Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honor of Michael Winter (New York: Routledge, 2006), 166–194.Google Scholar

Milstein, Rachel. “Shawq Nama – An Illustrated Tour of Holy Arabia.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 25 (2001): 275–345.Google Scholar

Milwright, M. “The Cup of the Saqi: Origins of an Emblem of the Mamluk khassakiyya” ARAM. 9–10 (1997–98): 241–56.Google Scholar

Mitchel, Timothy. Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Mitchell, W. J. Thomas. Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Expression (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Mitchell, W. J. Thomas. “Showing Seeing: A Critique of Visual Culture.” In Holly, Michael Ann and Moxey, Keith (eds.) Art History, Aesthetics, Visual Studies (Williamstown, MA: Clark Art Institute, 2002), 231–250.Google Scholar

Mitchell, W. J. Thomas. What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Mittermaier, Amira. Dreams that Matter: Egyptian Landscapes of the Imagination (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Moin, Azfar. The Millenial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Moin, Azfar. “Sovereign Violence: Temple Destruction in India and Shrine Desecration in Iran and Central Asia.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 57.2 (2015): 467–496.Google Scholar

Al-Mojan, Muhammad H. “The Textiles Made for the Prophet’s Mosque at Medina” (trans. Saif, Liana). In Porter, Ventia and Saif, Liana (eds.) The Hajj: Collected Essays (London: British Museum Press, 2013), 184–194.Google Scholar

Montasser, Dina. “Modes of Utilizing Qur’anic Inscriptions on Cairene Mamluk Religious Monuments.” In O’Kane, Bernard (ed.) Creswell Photographs Re-examined: New Perspectives on Islamic Architecture (Cairo: American University in Cairo, 2009), 187–218.Google Scholar

Morgan, David. “The Ecology of Images: Seeing and the Study of Religion.” Religion and Society: Advances in Research 5 (2014): 83–105.Google Scholar

Morgan, David. The Embodied Eye: Religious Visual Culture and the Social Life of Feeling (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Morgan, David. Visual Piety: A History and Theory of Popular Religious Images (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Mortel, Richard T. “The Kiswa: its origins and development from pre-Islamic times until the end of the Mamluk period.” al-’Usûr 3, 2 (1988): 30–46.Google Scholar

Morris, James W. “Imagining Islam: Intellect and Imagination in Islamic Philosophy, Poetry, and Painting.” Religion and the Arts 12 (2008): 294–318.Google Scholar

Moser, Stephanie. Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at the British Museum (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Mouton, Jean-Michel “De quelques reliques conservées à Damas au Moyen-Âge.” Annales Islamologiques 27 (1993): 245–254.Google Scholar

Moxey, Keith. “Visual Studies and the Iconic Turn.” Journal of Visual Culture 7 (2008): 131–146.Google Scholar

Mulder, Stephennie. “The Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi‘i.” Muqarnas 23 (2006): 15–46.Google Scholar

Mulder, Stephennie. The Shrines of the ‘Alids in Medieval Syria: Sunnis, Shi’is and the Architecture of Coexistence (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Munt, Thomas H. R. The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Muranyi, Miklos “The Emergence of Holy Places in Islam.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 39, (2012): 165–171Google Scholar

Murata, Kazuyo Beauty in Sufism: the Teachings of Ruzbihan Baqli (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Naef, Silvia. “Peindre pour être moderne?” In Heyberger, Bernard and Naef, Silvia (eds.) La multiplication des images en pays d’Islam (Würtzburg: Ergon in Kommission, 2003), 189–208.Google Scholar

Nancy, Jean-Luc. The Ground of the Image. Translated by Fort, Jeff (New York: Fordham University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Nancy, Jean-Luc. The Inoperative Community (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Al-Naqar, ‘Umar ‘Abd al-Razzaq. The Pilgrimage Tradition in West Africa: An Historical Study with special Reference to the Nineteenth Century (Khartoum: Khartoum University Press, 1972).Google Scholar

Nassar, Nahla “Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa: Administration and Production.” In Porter, Venetia (ed.) The Hajj: Collected Essays, 175–183 (London: British M).Google Scholar

Navaro-Yashin, Yael. “Affective Spaces, Melancholic Objects: Ruination and Production of Anthropological Knowledge.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 15 (2009): 1–18.Google Scholar

Necipoglu, Gülru. “The Dome of the Rock as Palimpsest: ‘Abd al-Malik’s Grand Narrative and Sultan Süleyman’s Glosses.” Muqarnas, 25 (2008): 17–106.Google Scholar

Necipoglu, Gülru. The Topakpi Scroll – Geometry and Ornament in Islamic Architecture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Nelson, Robert. The Spirit of Secular Art: A History of the Sacramental Roots of Contemporary Artistic Values (Melbourne: Monash University Press: 2007).Google Scholar

Nevo, Yehuda D. and Koren, Judith, “The Origins of the Muslim Descriptions of the Jahili Meccan Sanctuary.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 49 (Jan. 1990): 23–44.Google Scholar

Northrup, Linda. From Slave to Sultan: the career of al-Mansur Qalawun and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689/1279–1290) (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1998).Google Scholar

Nuseibeh, Said. The Dome of the Rock. (New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1998).Google Scholar

Ohtoshi, Tetsuya. “Cairene Cemeteris as Public Loci in Mamluk Egypt.” Mamluk Studies Review 10, no. 1 (2006) 83–116.Google Scholar

O’Kane, Bernard. “Medium and Message in the Monumental Epigraphy of Medieval Cairo.” In Gharipour, Mohammad and Schick, Irvin Cemil (eds.) Calligraphy and Islamic Architecture in the Muslim World (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013), 416–430.Google Scholar

O’Kane, Bernard. “Monumental Calligraphy in Fatimid Egypt: Epigraphy in Stone, Stucco, and Wood.” In by Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren (ed.) The World of the Fatimids (Toronto: Aga Khan Museum and Munich: Hirmer Verlag, 2018), 142–159.Google Scholar

O’Kane, Bernard. Online datebase, The Monumental Insriptions of Historic Cairo https://islamicinscriptions.cultnat.orgGoogle Scholar

O’Meara, Simon. “Muslim Visuality and the Visibility of Paradise and the World.” In Günther, Sebastian and Lawson, Todd (eds.) Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 555–565.Google Scholar

Ormos, István. Max Herz Pasha: 1856–1919; His Life and Career. 2 vols. (Cairo: Presses de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 2009).Google Scholar

Pahlitzsch, Johannes. “The Development of the Commemoration of the Dead until the Time of the Mamluks.” Endowment Studies 1.1 (2017): 96–125.Google Scholar

Parker, Ann and Neal, Avon. Hajj Paintings: Folk Art of the Great Pilgrimage (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Patel, Youshaa. “Their Fires shall not be Visible”: The Sense of Muslim Difference.” Material Religion 14.1 (2018): 1–29.Google Scholar

Patrizi, Luca. “Relics of the Prophet.” In Fitzpatrick, Coeli and Walker, Adam H. (eds.) Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God, 2 vols. (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2014), 2:517–520.Google Scholar

Peters, Francis E. The Hajj: A Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Peters, Francis E. Jerusalem: the Holy City in the Eyes of Chroniclers, Visitors, Pilgrims, and Prophets (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Peters, Francis E. Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Petry, Carl. Protectors or Praetorians?: The Last Mamluk Sultans and Egypt’s Waning as a Great Power (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Petry, Carl. “Robing Ceremonials in Late Mamluk Egypt: Hallowed Traditions, Shifting Protocols.” In Gordon, Stewart (ed.) Robes of Honor: The Medieval Worlds of Investiture (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 353–377.Google Scholar

Petry, Carl. Twilight of Majesty: the Reigns of the Mamluk Sultans al-Ashraf Qaytbay and Qansuh al-Ghawri in Egypt (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Pippin, Robert B. After the Beautiful: Hegel and the Philosophy of Pictorial Modernism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Pinney, Christopher. “Four Types of Visual Culture,” in Tilley, Christopher et al. (eds.) Handbook of Material Culture (London: Sage, 2006, 131–145.Google Scholar

Plate, S. Brent. Walter Benjamin, Religion, and Aesthetics (New York: Routledge, 2005).Google Scholar

Porter, Bertha and Moss, Rosalind L. B.. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Volume IV, Lower and Middle Egypt. Microfiche edition (Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1981).Google Scholar

Porter, Venetia. The Art of Hajj (London: British Museum Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Porter, Venetia. “Textiles of Mecca and Medina” in Porter, Venetia Porter, Venetia (ed.) Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam (London: British Museum Press, 2012), 256–265.Google Scholar

Preziosi, Donald. Art, Religion, Amnesia: The Enchantments of Credulity (New York: Routledge, 2014).Google Scholar

Preziosi, Donald. Rethinking Art History: Meditations on a Coy Science (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Promey, Sally M. “Religion, Sensation, and Materiality: An Introduction.” In Promey, Sally M. (ed.) Sensational Religion: Sensory Cultures in Medieval Practice (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), 1–21.Google Scholar

Promey, Sally M. “Situating Visual Culture.” In Halttunen, Karen (ed.) A Companion to American Cultural History (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2014), 279–294.Google Scholar

Proudfoot, Wayne. Religious Experience (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Puerta Vilchez, José Miguel. Aesthetics in Arabic Thought: from Pre-Islamic Arabia Through al-Andalus, tranlated by Lopez-Morillas, Consuelo (Leiden: Brill, 2017).Google Scholar

Rabbat, Nasser. “‘Aj’ib and Gharib: Artistic Perception in Medieval Arabic Sources.” The Medieval History Journal 9, 1 (2006): 99–113.Google Scholar

Rabbat, Nasser. The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mamluk Architecture (New York: Brill, 1995).Google Scholar

Rabbat, Nasser. “The Dome of the Rock Revisited: Some Remarks on al-Wasiti’s Accounts.” Muqarnas 10 (1993): 66–75.Google Scholar

Rabbat, Nasser. Mamluk History Through Architecture: Monuments, Culture and Politics in Medieval Eygpt and Syria (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2010).Google Scholar

Rabbat, Nasser. “The Formation of the Neo-Mamluk Style in Modern Egypt.” In Pollak, Martha (ed.) The Education of the Architect: Historiography, Urbanism, and the Growth of Architectural Knowledge: Essays Presented to Stanford Anderson (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), 363–386.Google Scholar

Rabbat, Nasser. Staging the City: or How Mamluk Architecture Coopted the Streets of Cairo (Berlin: EB-Verlag, 2014).Google Scholar

Raghib, Yusuf. “L’auteur de l’Égypte de Murtadi fils du Gaphiph” Arabica 21 (1974): 203–209.Google Scholar

Raghib, Yusuf. “Un épisode obscure d’histoire fatimide,” Studia Islamica 43 (1978): 125–132.Google Scholar

Raghib, Yusuf. “Le mausolée de Yunus al-Sa‘di, est-il celui de Badr al-Jamali?” Arabica 20, 3 (1973): 305–7.Google Scholar

Raghib, Yusuf. “Les mausolées fatimides du quartier d’al-Mashahid,” Annales Islamologiques 17 (1981): 1–30.Google Scholar

Raghib, Yusuf. “Les premiers monuments funéraires de l’Islam,” Annales Islamologiques 9 (1970): 21–36.Google Scholar

Rambelli, Fabio and Reinders, Eric R., Buddhism and Iconoclasm in East Asia: A History (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012).Google Scholar

Rancière, Jacques. Aisthesis: Scenes from the Aesthetic Regime of Art (London: Verso, 2013).Google Scholar

Rancière, Jacques. Mute Speech: Literature, Critical Theory, and Politics. Translated by Swenson, James (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Raymond, André. Cairo: City of History. Translated by Willard Wood (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Reid, Donald M. “Cultural Imperialism and Nationalism: The Struggle to Define and Control the Heritage of Arab Art in Egypt.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 24, 1 (1992): 57–76.Google Scholar

Reid, Donald M. “The Egyptian Geographical Society: From Foreign Laymen’s Society to Indigenous Professional Association.” Poetics Today 14, 3 (1993): 539–572.Google Scholar

Reid, Donald M. Whose Pharaohs? Archaeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Renard, John. “Review Essay: Religion and the Arts in Islamic Studies.” Religion and the Arts 14 (2010): 297–317.Google Scholar

Robinson, Arthur E. “The Mahmal of the Moslem Pilgrimage.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1 (Jan. 1931): 117–127.Google Scholar

Rogers, J. M. Empire of the Sultans: Ottoman Art from the Khalili Collection (Alexandra, VA: Art Services International, 2000).Google Scholar

Rosenthal, Franz. “Abu Haiyan al-Tawhidi on Penmanship.” Ars Islamica 13 (1948): 1–30.Google Scholar

Ross, Alison. Walter Benjamin’s Concept of the Image (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar

Rosser-Owen, Miriam. “Andalusi Spolia in Medieval Morocco: ‘Architectural Politics, Political Architecture.’” Medieval Encounters 20 (2014): 152–198.Google Scholar

Roxburgh, David, Writing the Word of God: Calligraphy and the Qur’an (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Ruffle, Karen G. “Presence in Absence: The Formation of Reliquary Shi‘ism in Qutb Shahi Hyderabad.” Material Religion 13.3 (2017): 329–535.Google Scholar

Rubin, Uri. “The Ka‘ba: Aspects of Its Ritual Functions and Position in Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Times.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 8, 1 (1986): 97–131.Google Scholar

Sabra, Adam. “From Artisan to Courtier: Sufism and Social Mobility in Fifteenth-Century Egypt.” In Margariti, Roxani E., Sabra, Adam, and Sijpesteijn, Petra M. (ed.) Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy and Law in Honor of A. L. Udovitch (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 213–232.Google Scholar

Saeed, Abdullah. “Salafiya, Modernism, and Revival.” In Esposito, John L. and Shahin, Emad El-Din (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 27–41.Google Scholar

Sahas, Daniel J. “Iconoclasm.” In Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Google Scholar

Sardi, Maria. “Mamluk Textiles.” In Graves, Margaret S. (ed.) Islamic Art, Architecture and Material Culture: New Perspectives (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012, 7–14.Google Scholar

Sardi, Maria. “Weaving for the Hajj under the Mamluks.” In Porter, Ventia and Saif, Liana (eds.) The Hajj: Collected Essays (London: British Museum Press, 2013), 169–174.Google Scholar

Sanders, Paula. Ritual, Politics, and the City in Fatimid Cairo (New York: State University of New York, 1994).Google Scholar

Sauvaget, Jean. Alep: essai sur le développement d’une grande ville syrienne, des origines au milieu du XIXe siècle (Paris: P. Guenther, 1941).Google Scholar

Al-Sayyid, Muhammad ‘Ali. Min durub al-Hajj fi Misr (Cairo: Al-Hay’a al-‘Amma li-Qusur al-Thaqafa, 2010).Google Scholar

Sauvaget, Jean. “Deux sanctuaires chiites d’Alep.” Syria 9, 3 (1928): 224–237.Google Scholar

Schielke, Joska S. The Perils of Joy: Contesting Mulid Festivals in Contemporary Egypt (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Schienerl, Peter W. “Kameldarstellungen im ägyptischen Schmuck – und Amulettwesen.” Archiv fur Völkerkunde 33 (1979): 137–156.Google Scholar

Schimmel, Annemarie. And Muhammad is His Messenger: the Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Sedgwick, Mark. Muhammad Abduh (Oxford: One World, 2010).Google Scholar

Segal, Robert. “In Defense of Reductionism.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 51, 1 (1983): 97–124.Google Scholar

Shafi’, Muhammad. “A Description of the Two Sanctuaries of Islam by Ibn ‘Abd Rabbihi (d. 940)” in Arnold, Thomas W., and Nicholson, Reynold A. (eds.) A Volume of Oriental Studies Presented to Edward G. Browne (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922), 416–438.Google Scholar

Shalem, Avinoam. “Aesthetics of Resistance: The “Unbelievable” Idol, Its Life, and Its Dual Death.” In Kern, Margit and Krüger, Klaus (eds.) Transcultural Imaginations of the Sacred (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 180–196.Google Scholar

Shalem, Avinoam. “Islamishe Objekte in Kirchenshätzen.” In van Eickels, Christine and van Eickels, Klaus, (eds.) Das Bistum Bamberg in der Welt des Mittelalters (Bamburg: University of Bamberg Press, 2007), 163–176.Google Scholar

Shalem, Avinoam. “Made for Show: The Medieval Treasury of the Ka‘ba in Mecca.” In O’Kane, Bernard (ed.) The Iconography of Islamic Art: Studies in Honor of Robert Hillenbrand (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), 269–284.Google Scholar

Shalem, Avinoam. “Multivalent Paradigms of Interpretation and the Aura or Anima of the Object.” In Junod, Benoît, et al. (eds.) Islamic Art and the Museum: Approaches to Art and Archeology of the Muslim World in the Twentieth-Century (London: Saqi, 2011), 101–115.Google Scholar

Sharf, Robert. “On the Allure of Buddhist Relics.” Representations 66 (Spring 1999): 75–99.Google Scholar

Sharon, Moshe. Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, 6 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1997).Google Scholar

Shaw, Wendy. Possessors and Possessed: Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Shehab, Bahia. “Fatimid Kufi Epigraphy on the Gates of Cairo: Between Royal Patronage and Civil Utility.” In Gharipour, Mohammad and Schick, Irvin Cemil (eds.) Calligraphy and Architecture in the Muslim World (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013), 275–292.Google Scholar

Shoshan, Boaz. “Grain Riots and the ‘Moral Economy’: Cairo, 1350–1517.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 10, 3 (1980): 459–478.Google Scholar

Shoshan, Boaz. Popular Culture in Medieval Cairo (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Silverstone, Roger. “The Medium is the Museum: on objects and the logics in time and spaces.” In Miles, Roger and Zalvala, Lauro (eds.)Towards the Museum of the Future: New European Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 1994), 161–176.Google Scholar

Sindawi, Khalid. “The Head of Husayn Ibn ‘Ali: From Decapitation to Burial, Its Various Places of Burial, and the Miracles That It Performed.” Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Studies 40 (2003): 245–258.Google Scholar

Sirriyyah, Elizabeth. “The Journeys of ‘Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi in Palestine (1101/1690 and 1105/1693).” Journal of Semitic Studies 24, 1 (1979): 55–69.Google Scholar

Smith, Martyn. “Pyramids in Medieval Islamic Landscape: Perceptions and Narratives.” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 43 (2007): 1–14.Google Scholar

Sokoly, Jochen. “Textiles and Identity.” In Flood, Finbarr Barry and Necipoglu, Gülru (eds.) A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture, 2 vols. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2017) 275–299.Google Scholar

Soucek, Priscilla. “Material Culture and the Qur’an.” Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Google Scholar

Sourdel, Dominique. “Questions de ceremonial ‘abbaside’.” Revue des Études Islamiques 28 (1960): 121–48.Google Scholar

Sourdel, Dominique. “Robes of Honor in ‘Abbasid Baghdad During the Eighth to Eleventh Centuries.” In Gordon, Stuart (ed.) Robes of Honor: the Medieval World of Investiture (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 137–146.Google Scholar

Sourdel-Thomine, Janine. “Les anciens lieux de pélerinage.” Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales 14 (1951): 65–85.Google Scholar

Sourdel-Thomine, Janine, Sourdel, Dominique, Mouton, Jean-Michel, and Moussé, Clément. “La découverte d’un culte de nabi Zakariyya à la grande mosquée de Damas à l’époque ayyoubide.” Der Islam 90, 2 (2013): 412–444.Google Scholar

Sourdel-Thomine, and Sourdel, Dominque, “Certificats de pèlerinage par procuration à l’époque mamlouke.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 25 (2001): 212–233.Google Scholar

Sperl, Stefan. “Crossing Enemy Boundaries: al-Buhturi’s Ode on the Ruins of Ctesiphon re-read in the Light of Virgil and Wilfred Owen.” Bulleting of the School of Oriental and African Studies 69 (2006): 365–379.Google Scholar

St. Elie, Anastase Marie de. “Le culte rendu par les Musulmans aux sandales de Mahomet.” Anthropos 5, 2 (1910): 363–366.Google Scholar

Stauth, Georg. Ägyptische heilige Orte II, zwischen den steinen des pharao und islamischer moderne (Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag, 2015).Google Scholar

Stauth, Georg. “Abdallah b. Salam: Egypt, Late Antiquity and Islamic Sainthood.” In Arnason, Johann P., Salvatore, Armando, Stauth, Georg (eds.) Islam in Process: Historical and Civilizational Perspectives (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction, 2006), 158–189.Google Scholar

Stetkevych, Suzanne P. The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Stewart, Devin J. “Popular Shiism in Medieval Egypt.” Studia Islamica 84 (1996): 35–66.Google Scholar

Stillman, Yedida K. Arab Dress, a Short History. Edited by Norman Stillman (London: Brill, 2003).Google Scholar

Stricker, Bruno H. “Le Naos Vert de Memphis.” Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 39 (1939): 215–226.Google Scholar