Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2014
Kant at Forty: “When Does One Acquire One's Character?”
On april 22, 1764, Kant turned forty. This was a significant event, at least in Kant's own view of his life. According to his psychological or anthropological theory, the fortieth year is of the greatest importance. We may be able to use reason satisfactorily when we are twenty, but “as far as calculation (to use other human beings for one's own purposes)” is concerned, “it is the fortieth year” in which we reach maturity. Even more significantly, Kant believed that it is in our fortieth year that we finally acquire a character.
No one who in his way of thinking is conscious of having character can have such character by nature. Rather, it must always be acquired. We may also assume that the foundation of this character and its beginning will be unforgettable. It is like a kind of rebirth, like a certain solemn kind of promise to oneself. Education, examples, and teaching cannot gradually bring about this firmness and constancy in principles, but it comes about only through an explosion, as it were, which follows all at once upon the dissatisfaction with the state of vacillation of instinct. There will perhaps only be few who have tried to accomplish this revolution before their thirtieth year and even fewer who have firmly founded it before they are forty.
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