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7 - Process Knowledge-Infused Learning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2026

Manas Gaur
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Amit P. Sheth
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina
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Summary

Process knowledge is an ordered set of information that maps to evidencebased guidelines or categories of conceptual understanding to experts in a domain. For instance, The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) develops clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) that serve as a framework for clinical decisions and supporting best practices. CPGs allow systematic assessment to optimize patient care. In addition, the US Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) develop dietary guidelines for Americans that serve as a recommendation for meeting nutrient needs, promoting health, and preventing disease. An AI system adapted to process knowledge can handle uncertainty in prediction, and the predicted outcomes are safe and user-level explainable. Further, an AI system can consider process knowledge as meta-information to capture the sequential context necessary for carrying out a structured conversation. Also, it allows the developer of the AI system to probe its internal decision making using application-specific guidelines or specifications that inform the synchrony between the end-user’s thought process and the model’s functioning.

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