Airway Management of the Neonate and Infant: the Difficult and Critical Airway in the Intensive Care Unit Setting

doi:10.1017/9781316658680.019

Chapter 19 - Airway Management of the Neonate and Infant: the Difficult and Critical Airway in the Intensive Care Unit Setting

from Section 3 - Special Topics

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 September 2019

Janet Lioy ,

Erin Tkach and

Luv Javia

Edited by

Narasimhan Jagannathan and

John E. Fiadjoe

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Narasimhan Jagannathan: Affiliation:
Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois
John E. Fiadjoe: Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

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Summary

The size of the neonatal airway in relation to older children and adults is especially important for understanding its functioning and pathophysiology (Figure 19.1). There are two basic types of airflow through an airway: laminar, or relatively smooth flow, and turbulent, or rough flow. Poiseuille’s law, R ∝ 1/r4 (where R is resistance and r is radius) describes laminar airflow. By this equation, the resistance to airflow increases exponentially (to the fourth power) as the radius decreases. This effect is to the fifth power for turbulent flow, such as with a crying child. Due to this relationship, even minor narrowing of the airway can cause significant increases in resistance in neonates (Figure 19.2).

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Type: Chapter
Information: Management of the Difficult Pediatric Airway , pp. 185 - 203

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316658680.019 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2019

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