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Chapter 7 - Ultrasound guidance for botulinum neurotoxin therapy: cervical dystonia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2014

By
Katharine E. Alter
Edited by
Daniel Truong ,
Dirk Dressler ,
Mark Hallett  and
Christopher Zachary
Katharine E. Alter
Affiliation:
Mount Washington Pediatric Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Daniel Truong
Affiliation:
The Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Institute, Fountain Valley, California
Dirk Dressler
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Hannover University Medical School
Mark Hallett
Affiliation:
George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
Christopher Zachary
Affiliation:
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine
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Summary

Introduction

The primary focus of this chapter is to provide a review of the technical requirements and techniques for performing brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound (US) to guide botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections for cervical dystonia (CD). A brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of various guidance techniques and the supporting literature is also presented.

Cervical dystonia

Idiopathic CD is the most common form of focal dystonia worldwide (Defazio et al., 2004; Jankovic, 2004). It is characterized by sustained muscle contraction leading to abnormal postures and twisting movements of the head and neck. Patients with CD report functional limitations and pain associated with the muscle pulling or twisted postures. The combination of pain and posturing affect many activities of daily living and quality of life and limit participation in work, family life and avocational interests. A full review of the diagnosis, patterns of muscle involvement and range of therapies for CD is covered elsewhere in this text.

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Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy , pp. 46 - 59
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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References

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