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1 - What Are Memories For? Functions of Recall in Cognition and Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Pascal Boyer
Edited by
Pascal Boyer  and
James V. Wertsch
Pascal Boyer
Affiliation:
Washington University, St. Louis
James V. Wertsch
Affiliation:
Washington University, St Louis
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Summary

What is memory for? The easy and spontaneous answer is that “memory is for storing information about the past,” “memory helps us preserve past events,” and variations on that theme. But what is the point of that? Why should any organism have that kind of a capacity? What good is it? Surprisingly, this is not a topic that has received much attention from specialists of memory. There are, of course, many models and accounts of memory in psychology, but they generally focus on the internal workings of the organ, as it were, rather than its function in relation to the rest of human behavior. So it makes sense to ask, what does memory actually do? If we follow an organism around and try to understand its behavior, can we say that some of that behavior is influenced by memory? When? How? Perhaps, as we form a better idea of what memory does, we will be able to make more informed guesses about what memory is for and how it came to be.

MEMORY IS FOR THE PRESENT – SO WHY MEMORIES?

Obviously, we have memory because of evolution, because of the kinds of organisms we are, as a consequence of our evolutionary history. Now the past does not affect an organism, except through its consequences for present circumstances. So if we consider memory as a biological function, we are led to consider that memory is certainly not about the past but about present and future behavior.

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Memory in Mind and Culture , pp. 3 - 28
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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