If our native language affects our thinking, can learning a new language restructure our mental representations of reality and the world? The current chapter will attempt to answer that question, drawing on recent empirical evidence from a variety of research domains. We consider a range of variables that may modulate bilingual cognition and conceptualization, and we discuss the ways in which the ongoing investigation of the bilingual mind from a relativistic perspective has significantly added to our knowledge of how bilinguals mentally represent categories in their mind.