The end of the war followed by the final crisis of Unionism forced the minorities to undergo profound changes. They first lived through a time of mourning – for the famed ‘blood sacrifice’ of a generation in the war, but also for the passing of the Union. Then they experienced the need to adapt rapidly to the new political system which was emerging from a revolution which they had not supported. For the Jewish people, much more important than the 1916 Proclamation was the 1917 Balfour Declaration, whose importance is discussed in the third section of this chapter. The latter also introduces Christian Zionism, a well-represented view among southern Protestants. Between the end of the First World War and the 1921 Treaty, Irish Protestants and Jews were similar not only in their relation to the new order, where their priority was safeguarding their continued existence as distinctive communities, but also in the way they behaved when they found themselves in a position of power – as Protestants did in Northern Ireland and Jews in the Zionist settlements in Palestine.