Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T11:13:30.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2016

D. Phil Woodruff
Affiliation:
University of Warwick
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albrecht, T.R., Dovek, M.M., Lang, C.A., Grutter, P., Quate, C.F., Kuan, S.W.J. et al. (1988) J. Appl. Phys. 64, 1178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allegretti, F., Polcik, M. & Woodruff, D.P. (2007) Surf. Sci. 601, 3611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altman, M.S. (2010) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 084017.Google Scholar
Alvey, M.D. & Yates, J.T. Jr. (1988) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 1782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, T., Eguchi, T., Akiyama, K. & Hasagawa, Y. (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 133114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, C.A. & Hinthorne, J.R.(1973) Anal. Chem. 45, 1421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Annett, J.F. & Haydock, R. (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Annett, J.F. & Haydock, R. (1986) Phys. Rev. B 34, 6860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antinodes, E., Janse, E.C. & Sawatzky, G.A. (1977) Phys. Rev. B 15, 1669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aono, M., Oshima, C., Zaima, S., Otani, S. & Ishizawa, Y. (1981) Japan J. Appl. Phys. 20, L829.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aono, M., Katayama, M. & Nomura, E. (1992) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B64, 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aono, M., Kobayashi, A., Grey, F., Uchida, H. & Huang, D.H. (1993) Japan J. Appl. Phys. 32, 1470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armitage, A.F., Woodruff, D.P. & Johnson, P.D. (1980) Surf. Sci. 100, L483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashfold, M.N.R. & Howe, J.D. (1994) Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 45, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auwärter, W., Kreutz, T.J., Greber, T. & Osterwalder, J. (1999) Surf. Sci. 429, 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auwärter, W., Muntwiler, M., Osterwalder, J. & Greber, T. (2003) Surf. Sci. 545, L735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagot, P.A.J., Cerezo, A. & Smith, G.D.W. (2007) Surf. Sci. 601, 2245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baikie, I.D. & Estrup, P.J. (1998) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 3902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, M.R. & Willis, R.F. (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartels, L., Meyer, G. & Rieder, K.-H. (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, J.J. (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, J.J. (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumgärtel, P. (2000) Ph.D. thesis, Technical University, Berlin.Google Scholar
Bauer, E. (2012a) Ultramicrosc. 119, 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, E. (2012b) J. Elect. Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 185, 314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, E., Duden, T. & Zdyb, R. (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35, 2327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckerle, J.D., Casassa, M.P., Cavanagh, R.R., He Ilweil, E.J. & Stephenson, J.C. (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behm, R.J., Christmann, K, Ertl, G & Van Hove, M.A. (1980) J. Chem. Phys. 73, 2984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedek, G., Bernasconi, M., Bohnen, K.-P., Campi, D., Chulkov, E.V., Echenique, P.M., Heid, R., Sklyadneva, I.Y. & Toennies, J.P. (2014) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 7159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergland, C.N. & Spicer, W.E. (1964a) Phys. Rev. 136, A1030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergland, C.N. & Spicer, W.E. (1964b) Phys. Rev. 136, A1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernardo, D.N., Bhatia, R. & Garrison, B.J. (1994) Comp. Phys. Commun. 80, 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besenbacher, F. (1996) Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethe, H. (1928) Ann. Phys. 87, 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beutler, A., Lundgren, E., Nyholm, R., Andersen, J.N., Setlik, B.J. & Heskett, D. (1998) Surf. Sci. 396, 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biberian, J.P. & Van Hove, M.A. (1984) Surf. Sci. 138, 361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biesinger, M.C., Lau, L.W.M., Gerson, A.R. & Smart, R.St.C. (2012) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 2434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binnig, G., Rohrer, H., Gerber, Ch. & Weibel, E. (1982) Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binnig, G., Quate, C.F. & Gerber, Ch. (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birgersson, M., Ambladh, C.-O., Morg, M. & Andersen, J.N. (2003) Phys. Rev. B 67, 045402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittencourt, C., Soares, E.A. & Woodruff, D.P. (2003) Surf. Sci., 526, 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, D.L., Lancaster, J.C., Kontur, F.J., Nordlander, P., Walters, G.K. & Dunning, F.B. (1999) Phys. Rev. B 60, 9082.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borodin, A. & Reichling, M. (2011) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 15442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, M.K., Woodruff, D.P., Robinson, J., Sheppard, D.C. & Hentz, A. (2015) Surf. Sci. 635, 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, A.M. & Woodruff, D.P. (2015) New J. Phys. 17, 013033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, W., Neumann, M., Iwan, M. & Koch, E.E. (1978) Phys. Stat. Sol. B 90, 525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, W., Steinrück, H.-P. & Held, G. (2005) Surf. Sci. 574, 193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brongersma, H.H., Draxler, M., de Ridder, M. & Bauer, P. (2007) Surf. Sci. Rep. 62, 63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. & Vickerman, J.C. (1985) Surf. Sci. 151, 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, D., Woodruff, D.P., Noakes, T.C.Q. & Bailey, P. (2001) Surf. Sci. 476, L241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, D., Quinn, P.D., Woodruff, D.P., Noakes, T.C.Q. & Bailey, P. (2002) Surf. Sci. 497, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R.D., Hund, Z.M., Campi, D., O’Leary, L.E., Lewis, N.S., Bernasconi, M., Benedek, G. & Sibener, S.J. (2014) J. Chem. Phys. 141, 024702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W., Kose, R. & King, D.A. (1998) Chem. Rev. 98, 797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brundle, C.R. (1985) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 3, 1468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brundle, C.R., Behm, R.J. & Barker, J.A. (1984) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 1038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burema, S.R., Lorente, N. & Bocquet, M.-L. (2012) J. Chem. Phys. 136, 244507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bürgi, L., Jeandupeux, O., Hirstein, A., Brune, H. & Kern, K. (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bussetti, G., Goletti, C., Chiaradia, P., Rohlfing, M., Betti, M.G., Bussolotti, F., Cirilli, S. et al. (2008) Surf. Sci. 602, 1423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bussetti, G., Bonanni, B., Cirilli, S., Violante, A., Russo, M., Goletti, C. et al. (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 067601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butz, H.P., Feltgen, R., Pauly, H. & Vehmeyer, H. (1971) Z. Phys. 247, 70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerazo, A., Godfrey, T.J., Sijbrandij, S.J., Smith, G.D.W. & Warren, P.J. (1998) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Černý, S. (1996) Surf. Sci. Rep. 26, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, A. (2005) Modern Vacuum Physics (Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Fl).Google Scholar
Chambers, A., Fitch, R.K. & Halliday, B.S. (1998) Basic Vacuum Technology, 2nd edition (Institute of Physics Publishing, London).Google Scholar
Chambers, S.A. (1991) Adv. Phys. 40, 357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhuri, A., Jackson, D.C., Lerotholi, T.J., Jones, R.G., Lee, T.-L., Detlefs, B. et al. (2010) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 322.9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C.J. (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C.J. (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.G., Erley, W. & Ibach, H. (1990) Surf. Sci. 227, 79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childs, K.D., Carlson, B.A., LaVanier, L.A., Moulder, J.F., Paul, D.F., Stickle, W.F. et al. (1995) Handbook of Auger Electron Spectroscopy, 3rd edition (Physical Electronics Inc., Chanhassen, Mn, USA).Google Scholar
Childs, T.T., Royer, W.A. & Smith, N.V. (1984) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 1613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiutu, C., Sweetman, A.M., Lakin, A.J., Stannard, A., Jarvis, S., Kantarovich, L. et al. (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 268302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christmann, K., Behm, R.J., Ertl, G., Van Hove, M.A. & Weinberg, W.H. (1979) J. Chem. Phys. 70, 4168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chua, F.M., Kuk, Y. & Silverman, P.J. (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, W.F. & Altman, M.S. (1998) Ultramicrosc. 74, 237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, W.F., Feng, Y.J., Poon, H.C., Chan, C.T., Tong, S.Y. & Altman, M.S. (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 216105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cinti, R.C. & Nguyen, T.T.A. (1977) J. Physique 38, L29Google Scholar
Claesson, T., Månsson, M., Dallera, C., Venturini, F., De Nadaï, C., Brookes, N.B. et al. (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 136402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, R.J., Weightman, P. & Matthew, J.A.D. (2003) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 133, 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comsa, G. (1979) Surf. Sci. 81, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotte, M., Susini, J., Metrich, N., Moscato, A., Gratzui, C., Bertagnini, A. et al. (2006) Anal. Chem. 78, 7484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulman, D.J., Wintterlin, J., Behm, R.J. & Ertl, G. (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crapper, M.D., Riley, C.J., Sweeney, P.J.J., McConville, C.F. & Woodruff, D.P. (1987a) Surf. Sci. 182, 213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crapper, M.D., Riley, C.E. & Woodruff, D.P. (1987b) Surf. Sci. 184, 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crommie, M.F., Lutz, C.P. & Eigler, D.M. (1993a) Science 262, 218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crommie, M.F., Lutz, C.P. & Eigler, D.M. (1993b) Phys. Rev. B 48, 2851.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crommie, M.F., Lutz, C.P., Eigler, D.M. & Heller, E.J. (1996) Surf. Sci. 361/362, 864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crossley, A. & King, D.A. (1977) Surf. Sci. 68, 528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crossley, A. & King, D.A. (1980) Surf. Sci. 95, 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, M.C. & Campbell, C.T. (2011) Ann. Rev. Anal. Chem. 4, 41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czyzewski, J.J., Madey, T.E. & Yates, J.T. Jr. (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, J.W. (1976) Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, J.W. (1978) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davila, M.E., Asensio, M.C., Woodruff, D.P., Schindler, K.-M., Hofmann, P., Weiß, K.-U. et al. (1994) Surf. Sci. 311, 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davisson, C. & Germer, L.H. (1927) Phys. Rev. 30, 705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Crescenzi, M., Diociaiuta, M., Lozzia, L., Picozzia, P., Santucci, S., Battistonib, C. & Mattognob, G. (1986) Surf. Sci. 178, 282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Groot, F. & Kotani, A. (2008) Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL).Google Scholar
Delchar, T.A. (1993) Vacuum Physics and Techniques (Chapman & Hall, London).Google Scholar
Delchar, T.A. & Tompkins, F.C.C. (1967) Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A300, 141.Google Scholar
Delcorte, A. & Garrison, B.J. (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 180, 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Pia, A., Riello, M., Floris, A., Stassen, D., Jones, T.S., Bonifazi, D., De Vita, A. & Costantini, G. (2015) ACS Nano, in press.Google Scholar
Demuth, J.E. & Eastman, D.E. (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denninger, G., Dose, V. & Scheidt, H. (1979) Appl. Phys. 18, 375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Jong, A.M. & Niemandsverdriet, J.W. (1990) Surf. Sci. 233, 355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djeghloul, F., Ibrahim, F., Cantoni, M., Bowen, M., Joly, L., Boukari, S. et al. (2014) Sci. Rep. 3, 1272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
dos Reis, D.D., Negreiros, F.R., de Carvalho, V.E. & Soares, E.A. (2010) Surf. Sci. 604, 568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dose, V., Fauster, Th. & Schneider, R. (1986) Appl. Phys. A 40, 203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowsett, M.G. (2003) Appl. Surf. Sci. 203, 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowsett, M.G. & Barlow, R.D. (1994) Anal. Chim. Acta 297, 253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowsett, M.G., Rowlands, G., Allen, P.N. & Barlow, R.D. (1994) Surf. Interface. Anal. 21, 310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draxler, M., Gruber, R., Brongersma, H.H. & Bauer, P. (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 263201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driver, S.M. & Woodruff, D.P. (2000) Surf. Sci. 457, 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duane, W. & Hunt, F.L. (1915) Phys. Rev. 6, 166.Google Scholar
Duke, P.J. (2008) Synchrotron Radiation: Production and Properties (Oxford University Press, Oxford).Google Scholar
Dumpala, S., Broderick, S.R., Bagot, P.A.J. & Rajan, K. (2014) Ultramicroscopy 141, 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, D.A., Unterberger, W., Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, D. & Woodruff, D.P. (2012a) Surf. Sci. 606, 1298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, D.A., Unterberger, W., Jackson, D.C., Knight, M.K., Kröger, E.A., Hogan, K.A. et al. (2012b) Surf. Sci. 606, 1435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunning, F.B. & Nordlander, P. (1995) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 100, 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutton, G.J. & Robey, S.W. (2013) J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 25414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dweydari, A.W. & Mee, C.H.B. (1975) Phys. Stat. Sol. A 27, 223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastman, D.E. & Cashion, J.K. (1971) Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 1520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastman, D.E., Himpsel, F.J. & van der Veen, J.F. (1982) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 20, 609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Echenique, P.M. & Pendry, J.B. (1978) J. Phys. C 11, 2065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eigler, D.M. & Schweizer, E.K. (1990) Nature 344, 524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einstein, A. (1905) Ann. Phys. Lpz. 17, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eischens, R.P. & Pliskin, W.A. (1958) Advan. Catal. 10, 1.Google Scholar
Ellis, J., Toennies, J.P. & Witte, G. (1995) J. Chem. Phys. 102, 5059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, E. & Driezler, R.M. (2011) Density Functional Theory: An Advanced Course (Springer, Heidelberg).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, W., Kordesch, M.E., Rotermund, H.H., Kubala, S., & von Oertzen, A. (1991) Ultramicrosc. 36, 148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel-Herbert, R., Schaadt, D.M., Cherifi, S., Bauer, E., Belkhou, R., Locatelli, A. et al. (2006) J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 305, 457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlandsson, R., Olsson, L. & Mårtensson, P. (1996) Phys. Rev. B. 54, R8309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esbjerg, N. & Nørskov, J.K. (1980) Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estermann, I. & Stern, O. (1930) Z. Phys. 61, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauster, T., Weinelt, M. & Höfer, U. (2007) Prog. Surf. Sci. 82, 224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feenstra, R., Stroscio, J.A., Tersoff, J. & Fein, A.P. (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feibelman, P.J. & McGuire, E.J. (1978) Phys. Rev. B 17, 690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, R, Liu, A., Liu, S., Shi, J., Zhang, R., & Ren, Z. (2015) J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 9798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiorin, V., Borthwick, D. & King, D.A. (2009) Surf. Sci. 603, 1360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer-Wolfarth, J.-H., Hartmann, J., Farmer, J.A., Flores-Carmacho, J.M., Campbell, C.T., Schauermann, S. et al. (2011) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 024102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, A.J. & Blöchl, P.E. (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, C.J., Ithin, R., Jones, R.G., Jackson, G.J., Woodruff, D.P. & Cowie, B.C.C. (1998) J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10, L623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishwick, L., Walker, M., Bradley, M.K., Woodruff, D.P. & McConville, D.P. (2012) Phys. Rev. B 85, 045322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J.I., Hrbek, J. & Sutter, P. (2008) Phys. Rev. B 78, 165407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleischmann, M., Hendra, P.J. & McQuillan, A.J. (1974) Chem. Phys. Lett. 26, 163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, J.S., Lockyer, N.P. & Vickerman, J.C. (2011) Mass Spect. Rev. 30, 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, K.E. & Winograd, N. (1982) Surf. Sci. 116, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, R.G. (2003) Ultramicrosc. 95, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, R.H. (1931) Phys. Rev. 38, 45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, R.H. & Nordheim, L.W. (1928) Proc. Roy. Soc. A119, 173.Google Scholar
Franke, K.J., Schulze, G. & Pascual, J.I. (2011) Science 332, 940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenken, J.W.M., Toennies, J.P. & Wöll, Ch. (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedel, J. (1952) Phil. Mag. 43, 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedel, J. (1958) Nuovo Cimento 7, 287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujikawa, T., Arai, H., Suzuki, R., Shinotsuka, H., Kövér, L. & Ueno, N. (2008) J. Electron Spectr. Rel. Phenom. 162, 146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaarenstroom, S.W. & Winograd, N. (1977) J. Chem. Phys. 67, 3500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gadzuk, J.W. (1974a) Solid State Commun. 15, 1011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gadzuk, J.W. (1974c) Phys. Rev. B 10, 5030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gadzuk, J.W. (1975) Surf. Sci. 53, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gadzuk, J.W. & Plummer, E.W. (1973) Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, 487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamou, Y., Terai, M., Nagamashima, A. & Oshima, C. (1997) Sci. Rep. RITU A 44, 211.Google Scholar
Garcia, N., Goodman, F.O., Celli, V. & Hill, N.R. (1978) Phys. Rev. B 19, 1808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrison, B.J. (1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 6211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrison, B.J., Diebold, A.C., Lin, J.-H. & Sroubek, Z. (1983) Surf. Sci. 124, 461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gault, B., Moody, M.P., Cairney, J.M. & Ringer, S.P. (2012) Atom Probe Microscopy (Springer).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giessibl, F.J. (1995) Science 267, 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giessibl, F.J. (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3956 (& Erratum, ibid. p. 4070).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giessibl, F.J. (2003) Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilmore, C., Marks, L., Grozea, D., Collazo, C., Landree, E. & Twesten, R. (1997) Surf. Sci. 381, 77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gladh, J., Öberg, H., Pettersson, L.G.M. & Öström, H. (2015) Surf. Sci. 633, 77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glatzel, P., Singh, J., Kvashina, O. & van Bokhoven, J.A. (2010) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 2555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glupe, G. & Mehlhorn, W. (1967) Phys. Lett. 25A, 274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godfrey, D.J. & Woodruff, D.P. (1980) J. Phys. E.: Sci. Instrum. 13, 969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godfrey, D.J. & Woodruff, D.P. (1981) Surf. Sci. 105, 438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomer, R. (1959) J. Chem. Phys. 31, 341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grad, G.B., Blaha, P., Schwarz, K., Auwärter, W. & Greber, T. (2003) Phys. Rev. B 68, 085404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, A.P. (2003) Surf. Sci. Rep. 49, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, A.X., Papp, C., Ueda, S., Balke, B., Yamashita, Y., Plucinski, L., Minár, J. et al. (2011) Nature Mat. 10, 759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenler, R.G. (1966) J. Chem. Phys. 44, 310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greif, M., Castiglioni, L., Becker-Koch, D., Osterwalder, J. & Hengsberger, M. (2014) J. Electron. Spectros. Rel. Phenom. 197, 30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, G. & Rieder, K.H. (1991) Surf. Sci. 241, 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, G., Müller, V. & Rieder, K.H. (1991) Phys. Rev. B 44, 1434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, L. (2011) Nature Chem. 3, 273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, L., Mohn, F., Moll, N., Liljroth, P. & Meyer, G. (2009) Science 325, 1110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, L., Mohn, F., Moll, N., Meyer, G., Ebel, R., Abdel-Mageed, W.M. et al. (2010) Nature Chem. 2, 821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, L., Moll, N., Mohn, F., Curioni, A., Meyer, G., Hanke, F. et al. (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 086101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, L., Mohn, F., Moll, N., Schuler, B., Criado, A., Guitían, E. et al. (2012) Science 337, 1326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gustafsson, T., Plummer, E.W., Eastman, D.E. & Freeouf, J.L. (1975) Solid State Commun. 17, 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gustafsson, T., Lu, H.C., Busch, B.W., Schulte, W.H. & Garfunkel, E. (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 183, 146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagstrum, H.D. (1954) Phys. Rev. 96, 336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagstrum, H.D. (1961) Phys. Rev. 123, 758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagstrum, H.D. (1966) Phys. Rev. 150, 495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagstrum, H.D. & Becker, G.E. (1971) J. Chem. Phys. 54, 1015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagstrum, H.D., Petrie, P. & Chaban, E.E. (1988) Phys. Rev. B 15, 10264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamaker, H.C. (1937) Physica 4, 1058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hämäläinen, K., Siddons, D.P., Hastings, J.B. & Berman, L.E. (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamers, R.J., Tromp, R.M. & Demuth, J.E. (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 56,1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammaker, R.A., Francis, S.A. & Eischens, R.P. (1965) Spectrochimica Acta 21, 1295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, L., Landskon, H., Nichtl-Pecher, W., Fricke, A., Heinz, K. & Müller, K. (1993) Phys. Rev. B 47, 15969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, C. & Imam, M.A. (1991) Ultramicrosc. 36, 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hapala, P., Kirchin, G., Wagner, C., Tautz, F.S., Temirov, R. & Jelínek, P. (2014) Phys. Rev. B 90, 085421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harada, Y., Masuda, S. & Ozaki, H. (1997) Chem. Rev. 97, 1897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, D.E. Jr., Kelly, P.W., Garrison, B.J. & Winograd, N. (1978) Surf. Sci. 76, 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayden, B.E., Prince, K., Woodruff, D.P. & Bradshaw, A.M. (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, D.O. & Trapnell, B.M. (1964) Chemisorption (Butterworth, London).Google Scholar
Hebenstreit, E.L.D., Hebenstreit, W., Schmid, M. & Varga, P. (1999) Surf. Sci. 441, 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heike, S. & Hashizume, T. (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, A.J., Lutz, C.P., Gupta, J.A. & Eigler, D.M. (2002) Science 298, 1381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinz, K. (1995) Rep. Prog. Phys. 58, 637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinz, K. & Hammer, L. (1996) Z. Phys. Chem. 197, 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinz, K., Seubert, A. & Saldin, D.K. (2001) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, 10647.Google Scholar
Heinze, S., Blügel, S., Pascal, R., Bode, M. & Wiesendanger, R. (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 16432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henzler, M. (1977) Topics in Current Physics, vol. 4, ed. Ibach, H. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) p. 117.Google Scholar
Henzler, M. (1982) Appl. Surf. Sci. 11/12, 450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hessey, S.G. & Jones, R.G. (2015) Surf. Interface Anal. 47, 587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hibino, H., Kageshima, H, Maeda, F., Nagase, M., Kobayashi, Y, Kobayashi, Y. & Yamaguchi, H. (2008) J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 6, 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Himpsel, F.J. & Fauster, Th. (1984) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hla, S.-W., Bartels, L., Meyer, G. & Rieder, K.-H. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, W (2002) J. Chem. Phys. 117, 11033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, A. (2000) Prog. Surf. Sci. 63, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofer, W.A. (2003) Prog. Surf. Sci. 71, 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofer, W.A., Garcia-Lekue, A. & Brune, H. (2004) Chem. Phys. Lett. 397, 354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Höfer, U., Shumay, I.L., Reuss, Ch., Thomann, U., Wallauer, W. & Fauster, Th. (1997) Science 277, 1480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, P. & Schindler, K.M. (1993) Phys. Rev. B 47, 13941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, P., Schindler, K.M., Bao, S., Bradshaw, A.M. & Woodruff, D.P. (1994) Nature 368, 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, S. (1976) Appl. Phys. 9, 56.Google Scholar
Hofmann, S. (1999) Surf. Interface Anal. 27, 825.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, B.W. & Woodruff, D.P. (1973) Surf. Sci. 36, 488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, P.H. & Hudson, J.B. (1974) Surf. Sci. 43, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, S. & Beeby, J.L. (1978) J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 11, L247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, S.H., Keeffe, M., Yang, Y., Chen, C., Yu, M., Lapeyre, G.J. et al. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 939.Google Scholar
Hu, C.-W., Hibino, H., Ogino, T. & Tsong, I.S.T. (2001) Surf. Sci. 487, 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, S.H., Wu, H.S., Tong, S.Y., Keeffe, M., Lapeyre, G.J. & Rotenberg, E. (2003) Surf. Rev. Lett. 10, 925.Google Scholar
Huang, D.J., Wu, W.P., Chen, J., Chang, C.F., Chung, S.C., Yuri, M. et al. (2002) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 3778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulbert, S.L., Johnson, P.D., Stoffel, N.G., Royer, W.A. & Smith, N.V. (1985) Phys. Rev. B 31, 6815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyde, J.M., Sha, G., Marquis, E.A., Morley, A., Wilford, K.B. & Williams, T.J. (2011) Ultramicroscopy 111, 664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibach, H. (1977b) Surf. Sci. 66, 56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibach, H. (ed.) (1977c) Topics in Current Physics, vol. 4 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) p. 205.Google Scholar
Ibach, H. (1991a) Electron Energy Loss Spectrometers: The Technology of High Performance, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, ed. Hawkes, P.W.. vol. 63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibach, H. & Mills, D.A. (1982) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (Academic Press, London).Google Scholar
Ibanez, J., Garcia, N. & Rojo, J.M. (1983) Phys. Rev. B 28, 3164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ichimiya, A. & Cohen, P.I. (2004) Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inghram, M.G. & Gomer, R. (1954) J. Chem. Phys. 22, 1279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography (1952) (Kynoch Press, Birmingham, England).Google Scholar
Ishitani, T. & Shimizu, R. (1974) Phys. Lett. 46A, 487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G.J. (1999) Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick, UK.Google Scholar
Jackson, G.J., Woodruff, D.P., Jones, R.G., Singh, N.K., Chan, A.S.Y., Cowie, B.C.C. et al. (2000a) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G.J., Cowie, B.C.C., Woodruff, D.P., Jones, R.G., Kariapper, M.S., Fisher, C.J. et al. (2000b) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaeger, R., Feldhaus, J., Hasse, J., Stöhr, J., Hussain, Z., Menzel, D. & Norman, D. (1980) Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaklevic, R.C. & Lambe, J. (1966) Phys. Rev. Lett. 17, 1139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, J. (2007) Spectrograph Design Fundamentals (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, F., Besenbacher, F., Lægsgaard, E. & Stensgaard, I. (1990) Phys. Rev. B 41, 10233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, B. & Mårtensson, N. (1980) Phys. Rev. B 21, 4427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, A.J., Joyce, S.A. & Madey, T.E. (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P.D. (1997) Rep. Prog. Phys. 60, 1217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P.D. & Davenport, J.W. (1985) Phys. Rev. B 31, 7521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P.D. & Güntherodt, G. (2007) in Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, ed. Kronmuller, H. & Parkin, S. (John Wiley & Sons).Google Scholar
Johnson, P.D. & Hulbert, S.L. (1987) Phys. Rev. B 35, 9427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P.D. & Hulbert, S.L. (1990) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 2277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P.D., Hulbert, S.L., Garrett, R.F. & Howells, M.R. (1986) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 1324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, N., Norris, C., Nicklin, C.L., Steadman, P., Baker, S.H., Johnson, A.D. et al. (1998) Surf. Sci. 409, 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R.G. & Woodruff, D.P. (1981) Vacuum 31, 411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R.G. & Woodruff, D.P. (1982) Surf. Sci. 114, 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, T.S. & Richardson, N.V. (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, T.S., Ashton, M.R. & Richardson, N.V. (1989) J. Chem. Phys. 90, 7564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, N., Norris, C., Nicklin, C.L., Steadman, P., Baker, S.H., Johnson, A.D. et al. (1998) Surf. Sci. 409, 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorgensen, W.L. & Salem, L. (1973) The Organic Chemist’s Book of Orbitals (Academic Press, London).Google Scholar
Kane, E.O. (1964) Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantrowitz, A. & Grey, J. (1951) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katayama, M., Williams, R.S., Kato, M., Nomura, E. & Aono, M. (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawai, M., Komeda, T., Kim, Y., Sainoo, Y. & Katano, S. (2004) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 362, 1163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawamura, T. & Maksym, P.A. (2014) Surf. Sci. 630, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellogg, G.L. (1994) Surf. Sci. Rep. 21, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelvin, Lord (1898) Phil. Mag. 46, 82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelvin, Lord (1911) Mathematical and Physical Papers, vol. IV, article No. 250 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).Google Scholar
Kevan, S.D. (1995) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 75, 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kevan, S.D. & Gaylord, R.H. (1987) Phys. Rev. B 36, 5809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kevan, S.D., Rosenblatt, D.H., Denley, D.R., Lu, B.-C. & Shirley, D.A. (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khatiri, A., Krzyzewski, T.J., McConville, C.F. & Jones, T.S. (2005) J. Cryst. Growth 282, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Y., Motobayashi, K., Frederiksen, T., Ueba, U. & Kawai, M. (2015) Prog. Surf. Sci. 90, 85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Y.D., Wei, T., Wendt, S. & Goodman, D.W. (2003) Langmuir 19, 2929.Google Scholar
King, D.A. (1975) Surf. Sci. 47, 384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D.A. & Thomas, G. (1980) Surf. Sci. 92, 201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D.A. & Wells, M.G. (1972) Surf. Sci. 29, 454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D.A. & Wells, M.G. (1974) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 339, 245.Google Scholar
King, D.A. & Woodruff, D.P. (ed.) (1982) The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis, vol. 4, Fundamental Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis (Elsevier, Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Kliewer, K.L. (1978) in Photoemission and the Electronic Properties of Surfaces, ed. Feuerbacher, B., Fitton, B. & Willis, R.F. (Wiley, Chichester) p. 45.Google Scholar
Klünker, C., Balden, M., Lehwald, S. & Daum, W. (1996) Surf. Sci. 360, 104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, J.A., Himpsel, F.J. & Eastman, D.E. (1979) Phys. Rev. B 19, 4952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knotek, M.L. & Feibelman, P.J. (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knotek, M.L., Jones, V.O. & Rehn, V. (1979) Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolasinski, K.W. (2012) Surface Science (Wiley, New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolmakov, A., Stultz, J. & Goodman, D.W. (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 113, 7564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kono, S., Goldberg, S.M., Hall, N.F.T. & Fadley, C.S. (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kontur, F.J., Lancaster, J.C. & Dunning, F.B. (2006) Surf. Sci. 600, 2543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koyama, R.Y. & Smith, N.V. (1970) Phys. Rev. B 2, 3049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasovskii, E.E., Höcker, J., Falta, J. & Flege, J.I. (2015) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27, 035501.Google Scholar
Krause, M.O. & Ferreira, J.G. (1975) J. Phys. B 8, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, D., Unterberger, W., Duncan, D.A., Bradley, M.K., Lerotholi, T.J., Robinson, J. et al. (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 046102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröger, J., Greber, T. & Osterwalder, J. (2000) Surf. Sci. 459, 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudo, S., Kishimoto, N. & Ohno, K. (2010) J. Phys. Conf. Series 235, 012012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuk, Y., Chua, F.M., Silverman, P.J. & Meyer, J.A. (1990) Phys. Rev. B 41, 12393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kukk, E., Ueda, K., Hergenhahn, U., Liu, X.-J., Prümper, G., Yoshida, H. et al. (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 133001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumpf, C., Marks, L.D., Ellis, D., Smilgies, D., Landemark, E., Nielsen, M. et al. (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahee, A.M., Toennies, J.P. & Wöll, Ch. (1987) Surf. Sci. 191, 529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakin, A.J., Chiutu, C., Sweetman, A.M., Moriarty, P. & Dunn, J.L. (2013) Phys. Rev.B 88, 035447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landree, E., Marks, L., Zschack, P. & Gilmore, C. (1998) Surf. Sci. 408, 300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, N.D. (1986a) Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, N.D. (1986b) Phys. Rev. B. 34, 5947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, N.D. (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, N.D. & Kohn, W. (1970) Phys. Rev. B 1, 4555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, N.D. & Kohn, W. (1971) Phys. Rev. B 3, 1215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaShell, S., McDougall, B.A. & Jensen, E. (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J., Fisher, C., Woodruff, D.P., Roper, M.G., Jones, R.G. & Cowie, B.C.C. (2001) Surf. Sci. 494, 166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J., Kuzmych, O. & Yates, J.T. Jr. (2005) Surf. Sci. 582, 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, P.A. (1976) Phys. Rev. B 13, 5261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Len, P.M., Zhang, F., Thevuthasan, S., Kaduwela, A.P., Fadley, C.S. & Van Hove, M.A. (1997) J. Electr. Spectros. Rel. Phenom. 85, 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lew, W., Lytken, O., Farmer, J.A., Crowe, M.C. & Campbell, C.T. (2010) Rev. Sci. Instrum 81, 024102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Ikeda, D., Nagamatsu, S., Nishi, T., Ueno, N. & Kera, S. (2014) J. Electron Spectros. Rel. Phenom. 195, 287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorente, N. & Persson, M. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorente, N., Persson, M., Lauhon, L.J., & Ho, W (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, T.M. & Lagally, M.G. (1980) Surf. Sci. 99, 695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyo, I.W. & Avouris, P. (1991) Science 253, 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lytken, O., Lew, W. & Campbell, C.T. (2008) Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 2172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Y., Wassdahl, N., Skytt, P., Guo, J., Nordgren, J., Johnson, P.D. et al. (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madey, T.E. & Yates, J.T. Jr (1971) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 8, 525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madey, T.E., Yates, J.T. Jr, King, D.A. & Uhlaner, C.J. (1970) J. Chem. Phys. 52, 5215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madix, R.J. (1979) Surf. Sci. 89, 540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahapatra, M. & Tysoe, W.T. (2014) Surf. Sci. 629, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maksym, P.A. (1985) Surf. Sci. 149, 157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malterre, D., Kierren, B., Fagot-Revurat, Y., Pons, S., Tejeda, A., Didiot, C. et al. (2007) New J. Phys. 9, 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maniraj, M., D’Souza, S.W., Nayak, J., Rai, A., Singh, S., Sekhar, B.N.R. & Barman, S.R. (2011) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 093901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manyar, H.G., Morgan, R., Morgan, K., Yang, B., Hu, P., Szlachetko, J., , J. & Hardacre, C. (2013) Catal. Sci. Technol. 3, 1497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mapledoram, L.D., Bessent, M.P., Wander, A. & King, D.A. (1994) Surf. Sci. 228, 527.Google Scholar
Margaritondo, G. (1988) Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation (Oxford University Press, Oxford).Google Scholar
Marks, L.D. (1999) Phys. Rev. B 60, 2771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mårtensson, N., Sokolowski, E. & Svensson, S. (2014) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 193, 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez, E., Yadav, P., Bouttemy, M., Renault, O., Borowik, Ł., Bertin, F. et al. (2013) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 191, 86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-Galera, A.J., Nicoara, N., Martinez, J.I., Dappe, Y.J., Ortega, J. & Gómez-Rodriguez, J.M. (2014) J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 12782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masel, R.I. (1996) Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces (Wiley-Interscience, New York).Google Scholar
Matsunami, N., Yamamura, Y., Hikawa, Y., Itoh, N., Kazamata, Y., Miyagawa, S. et al. (1984) Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables B31B, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsushita, T., Agui, A. & Yoshigoe, A. (2005) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom., 144–147, 1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McConville, C.F., Seymour, D.L., Woodruff, D.P. & Bao, S. (1987) Surf. Sci. 188, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, J.M., Korte, U., Maksym, P.A. & Meyer-Ehmsen, G. (1992) Surf. Sci. 261, 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, J.D.E. & Aspnes, D.E. (1971) Surf. Sci. 24, 417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPhail, D. & Dowsett, M.G. (2009) in Surface Analysis – The Principal Techniques, 2nd edition, ed. Vickerman, J. & Gilmore, I. (Wiley, Chichester) p. 207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menteş, T.O. & Locatelli, A. (2012) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 185, 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menteş, T.O., Xamborlini, G., Sala, A. & Locatelli, A. (2014) Belstein J. Nanotechnol. 5, 1873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzel, D. & Fuggle, J.C. (1978) Surf. Sci. 74, 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzel, D. & Gomer, R. (1964) J. Chem. Phys. 41, 3311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, H.C. (1966) J. Franklin Inst. 282, 382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miners, J.H., Gardner, P. & Woodruff, D.P. (2003) Surf. Sci. 547, 355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miners, J.H., Gardner, P., Bradshaw, A.M. & Woodruff, D.P. (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 1708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mišković, Z., Vukanic, J. & Madey, T.E. (1984) Surf. Sci. 141, 285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mišković, Z., Vukanic, J. & Madey, T.E. (1986) Surf. Sci. 169, 405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mochizuki, H., Amana, K., Nojima, M., Oearai, M. & Nihei, Y. (2006) Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moll, N., Gross, L., Mohn, F., Curioni, A., & Meyer, G. (2010) New. J. Phys. 12, 125020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moll, N., Schuler, B., Kawai, S., Xu, F., Peng, L., Orita, A. et al. (2014) ACS Nano, in press.Google Scholar
Moretti, G. (1998) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 95, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, A.E. & Werner, H.W. (1977) Anal. Chem. 49, 927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, K., Lorente, N. & Rieder, K.-H. (2013) Phys. Status Solidi B 250, 1.Google Scholar
Morgner, H. (2000) Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42, 387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mott, N.F. (1929) Proc. Roy. Soc. A 124, 425.Google Scholar
Mott, N.F. (1932) Proc. Roy. Soc. A 135, 429.Google Scholar
Müller, E.W. (1936) Z. Phys. 37, 838.Google Scholar
Müller, E.W. (1951) Z. Phys. 131, 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, E.W. (1956) Phys. Rev. 102, 618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muñoz-Márquez, M.A., Tanner, R.E. & Woodruff, D.P. (2004) Surf. Sci. 565, 1.Google Scholar
Nabhan, W., Equer, B., Broniatowski, A. & De Rosny, G. (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neddermeyer, H. & Drechsler, M. (1988) J. Microscopy 152, 459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niehus, H., Heiland, W. & Taglauer, E. (1993) Surf. Sci. Rep. 17, 213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, A., Weinelt, M., Wiell, T., Bennich, P., Karis, O., Wassdahl, N. et al. (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, A. & Pettersson, L.G.M. (2004) Surf. Sci. Rep. 55, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, V., Van den Bossche, M., Hellman, A. & Grönbeck, H. (2015) Surf. Sci. 640, 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nonnenmacher, M., O’Boyle, M.P. & Wickramasinghe, H.K. (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 2921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordgren, J. & Rubensson, J.-E. (2013) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 188, 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordheim, L.W. (1928) Proc. Roy. Soc. A 121, 626.Google Scholar
Norman, D. & Woodruff, D.P. (1979) Surf. Sci. 79, 76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Connor, D.J. & Biersack, J.P. (1985) Bucl. Instrum. Methods B 15, 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oechsner, H. (1973) Z. Phys. 261, 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oen, O.S. (1983) Surf. Sci. 131, L407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offenbacher, H., Lüftner, D., Ules, T., Reinisch, E.M., Koller, G., Puschnig, P. et al. (2015) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 204, Part A, 92101.Google Scholar
Ogorodnikov, I.I., Vorokh, A.S., Titov, A.N. & Kuznetsov, M.V. (2012) JETP Lett. 95, 372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orders, P.J., Kono, S., Fadley, C.S. Trehan, R. & Lloyd, J.T. (1982) Surf. Sci. 119, 371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ossowski, J., Rysz, J., Krawiec, M., Maciazek, D., Postwana, Z., Terfort, A. et al. (2015) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 1336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osterwalder, J (2006) in Magnetism: A Synchrotron Radiation Approach, ed. Beaurepaire, E., Bulou, H., Scheurer, F. & Kappler, J.-P., Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 697 (Springer, Berlin), p. 95.Google Scholar
Paavilainen, S. & Persson, M. (2006) Phys. Rev. B. 74, 085417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palermo, V., Palma, M. & Samori, P. (2006) Adv. Mater. 18, 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, R.E. & Rous, P.J. (1992) Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palotás, K., Mándi, G. & Szunyogh, L. (2012) Phys. Rev. B. 86, 235415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, R.L., Houston, J.E. & Schreiner, D.G. (1971) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, 60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, R.L. & Madden, H.H. Jr (1968) Surf. Sci. 11, 188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pascal, M., Lamont, C.L.A., Kittell, M., Hoeft, J.T., Terborg, R., Polcik, M. et al. (2001) Surf. Sci. 492, 285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavliček, N., Herranz-Lancho, C., Fleury, B., Neu, M., Niedenführ, J., Ruben, M. et al. (2013) Phys. Status Solidi B 250, 2424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pendry, J.B. (1974) Low Energy Electron Diffraction (Academic Press, London).Google Scholar
Pendry, J.B. (1980) J. Phys. C–Solid State Phys. 13, 937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pendry, J.B. (1981) J. Phys. C 14, 1381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pendry, J.B. & Saldin, D.K. (1984) Surf. Sci. 145, 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perdereau, J. & Rhead, G.E. (1971) Surf. Sci. 24, 555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persson, B.N.J., Hoffmann, F.M. & Ryberg, R. (1986) Phys. Rev. B 34, 2266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pessa, M., Lindroos, M., Asonem, H. & Smith, N.V. (1982) Phys. Rev. B 25, 738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, L., Sprunger, P.T., Hofmann, P., Lægsgaard, E., Brinner, B.G., Doering, M. et al. (1998) Phys. Rev. B. 57, R6859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersson, L.-G., Kono, S., Hall, N.F.T., Fadley, C.S. & Pendry, J.B. (1979) Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, E.W., Tonner, B., Holzwarth, N. & Liebsch, A. (1980) Phys. Rev. B 21, 4306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poelsma, B., de Zwart, S.T. & Comsa, G. (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postawa, Z., Czerwinski, B., Szewczyk, M., Smiley, E.J., Winograd, N. & Garisson, B.J. (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 7831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Primetzhofer, D., Markin, S.N., Juaristi, J.I., Taglauer, E. and Bauer, P. (2008) Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 213201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prutton, M. & El Gomati, M. (ed.) (2006) Scanning Auger Electron Microscopy (John Wiley & Sons).Google Scholar
Puschmann, A., Haase, J., Crapper, M.D., Riley, C.E. & Woodruff, D.P. (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puschnig, P., Berkebile, S., Fleming, A.J., Koller, G., Emtsev, K., Seyller, T. et al. (2009) Science 326, 702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, J.J. (1962) Phys. Rev. 126, 1453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsier, R.D. & Yates, J.T. Jr. (1991) Surf. Sci. Rep. 12, 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redhead, P.A. (1962) Vacuum 12, 203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redhead, P.A. (1964) Can. J. Phys. 42, 886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimann, C.T., El-Maazawi, M., Walzi, K., Garrison, B.J., Winograd, N. & Redhead, P.A. (1967) Nuovo Cimento Suppl. 5, 586.Google Scholar
Reid, R.J. (1972) Surf. Sci. 29, 623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, N.V. (1983) Chem. Phys. Lett. 102, 390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reuter, K., Schadt, J., Bernhardt, J., Wedler, K., Starke, U. & Heinz, K. (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 10806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, I.K. (1986) Phys. Rev. B 33, 3830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, N.W. (1968) The Physical Principles of Ultra-High Vacuum Systems and Equipment (Chapman & Hall, London).Google Scholar
Rotermund, H.H. (1993) Surf. Sci. 283, 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousseau, P., Khemliche, H., Borisov, A.G. & Roncin, P. (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 016104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, D. & Carette, J.D. (1977) in Topics in Current Physics, vol. 4, ed. Ibach, H. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).Google Scholar
Ruan, L., Besenbacher, F., Stensgaard, I. & Lægsgaard, E. (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 4079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rupprechter, G., Dellwig, T., Unterhalt, H. & Freund, H.-J. (2001) Top. Catal. 15, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacks, W. (2000) Phys. Rev. B 61, 7656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safonova, O.V., Tromp, M., van Bokhoven, J.A., de Groot, F.M.F., Evans, J. & Glatzel, P. (2006) J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 16162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saiki, R.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Kim, Y.J., Friedman, D.J., Osterwalder, J., Thevuthasan, S. et al. (1992) Surf. Sci. 279, 305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saldin, D.K. (1997) Surf. Rev. Lett. 4, 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sautet, P. (1997a) Surf. Sci. 374, 406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sautet, P. (1997b) Chem. Rev. 97, 1097.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawatzky, G.A. & Lenselink, A. (1980) Phys. Rev. B 21, 1790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schedin, F., Warburton, R. & Thornton, G. (1998) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 2297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schindler, K.-M., Hofmann, P., Weiß, K.-U., Dippel, R., Gardner, P., Fritzsche, V. & González-Elipe, A.R. (1993) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 64/65, 75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, M., Stadler, H. & Varga, P. (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schüller, A. & Winter, H. (2009) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 267, 628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schüller, A., Wethekam, S. & Winter, H. (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 016103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schweitzer, E., Persson, B.N.J., Tüshaus, M., Hodge, D. & Bradshaw, A.M. (1989) Surf. Sci. 213, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seah, M.P. (2005) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 229, 348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seah, M.P. & Dench, W.A. (1979) Surf. Interface Analysis 1, 2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seah, M.P., Clifford, C.A., Green, F.M. & Gilmore, I.S. (2005) Surf. Interface Anal. 37, 444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekiyama, A., Higashiya, A. & Imada, S. (2013) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 190, 201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seo, Y. & Jhe, W. (2008) Rep. Prog. Phys. 71, 016101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sevier, K.D. (1972) Low Energy Electron Spectrometry (Wiley, New York).Google Scholar
Sheppard, N. & Nguyen, N.T. (1978) Adv. IR Raman Spect. 5, 67.Google Scholar
Shevchik, N.J. (1977) J. Phys. C 10, L555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirasawa, T., Voegeli, W., Nojima, T., Iwasawa, Y., Yamaguchi, Y. & Takahashi, T. (2014) Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 165501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirley, D.A. (1973) Advan. Chem. Phys. 23, 85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sholl, D. & Steckel, J.A. (2009) Density Functional Theory (Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigmund, P. (1969) Phys. Rev. 184, 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, N.V. (1988) Rep. Prog. Phys. 51, 1227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, N.V.& Woodruff, D.P. (1987) Prog. Surf. Sci. 21, 295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R.J., Anderson, J. & Lapeyre, G.J. (1976) Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, N.V., Benbow, R.L. & Hurych, Z. (1980) Phys. Rev. B 21, 4331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smoluchowski, R. (1941) Phys. Rev. 60, 661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soares, E.A., de Castillho, C.M.C. & de Carvalho, V.E. (2011) J Phys.: Condens. Matter 23, 303001.Google Scholar
Souda, R. & Aono, M. (1986) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 15, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzl, R., Niehus, H. & Comsa, G. (1990) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinmann, W. (1989) Appl. Phys. A. 49, 365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiles, P.L., Dieringer, J.A., Shah, N.C. & Van Duyne, R.P. (2008) Ann. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1, 601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stipe, B.C., Rezaei, M.A. & Ho, W. (1998) Science 280, 1732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stipe, B.C., Rezaei, M.A. & Ho, W. (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stobie, R.W., Rao, B. & Dignam, M.J. (1976) Surf. Sci. 56, 334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stöhr, J. & Jaeger, R. (1982) Phys. Rev. B. 26, 4111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stöhr, J. (1992) NEXAFS Spectroscopy: Springer Series in Surface Science, vol. 25 (Springer, Berlin).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroscio, J.A. & Eigler, D.M. (1991) Science 254, 1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroscio, J.A., Feenstra, R.M. & Fein, A.P. (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, S., Sekiyama, A., Fujiwara, H., Nakatsu, Y., Miyamachi, T., Imada, S., Baltzer, P. et al. (2009) New. J. Phys. 11, 073025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, S., Itoda, S., Sekiyama, A., Fujiwara, H., Komori, S., Imada, S. et al. (2012) Phys. Rev. B. 86, 035146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, J., Hannon, J.B., Kellogg, G.L. & Pohl, K. (2007) Phys. Rev. B 76, 205414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, J., Hannon, J.B., Tromp, R.M., Johari, P., Bol, A.A., Shenoy, V.B. et al. (2010) ACS Nano 4, 7073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surnev, L., Xu., Z. & Yates, J.T. Jr. (1988) Surf. Sci. 201, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutcu, L.F., White, H.W. & Wragg, J.L. (1991) Surf. Sci. 249, L343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, T.T., Kuwahara, H. & Yamauchi, Y. (2010) Surf. Sci. 604, 1767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweetman, A., Rahe, P. & Moriarty, P. (2014a) Nano Lett. 14, 2265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweetman, A.M., Jarvis, S.P., Sang, H., Lekkas, I., Rahe, P., Wang, Y. et al. (2014b) Nature Commun. 5, 3931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taglauer, E. & Heiland, W. (1976) Appl. Phys. 9, 261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taglauer, E., Englert, W., Heiland, W. & Jackson, D.P. (1980) Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, T., Sumitani, K. & Kusano, S. (2001) Surf. Sci. 493, 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takayanagi, K., Tanishiro, Y., Takahashi, M. & Takahashi, S. (1985a) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 3, 1502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takayanagi, K., Tanishiro, Y., Takahashi, M. & Takahashi, S. (1985b) Surf. Sci. 164, 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, J.L. & Weinberg, W.H. (1978) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, R.S. & Garrison, B.J. (1994a) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 4465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, R.S. & Garrison, B.J. (1994b) Chem. Phys. Lett. 230, 495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telieps, W. & Bauer, E. (1985) Ultramicrosc. 17, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terborg, R., Baumgärtel, P., Lindsay, R., Schaff, O., Gieβel, T., Hoeft, J.T. et al. (2000) Phys. Rev. B 61, 16697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terborg, R., Polcik, M., Hoeft, J.T., Kittel, M., Sayago, D.I., Toomes, R.L. et al. (2002) Phys. Rev. B 66, 085333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tersoff, J. & Hamann, D.R., (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett. 50,1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tersoff, J. & Hamann, D.R., (1985) Phys. Rev. B 31, 2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tersoff, J., Jesson, D.E. & Tang, W.X. (2009) Science 324, 236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tong, S.Y., Li., C.H. & Mills, D.L. (1980) Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tong, S.Y., Li., C.H. & Mills, D.L. (1981) Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 806.Google Scholar
Toomes, R.L., Woodruff, D.P., Polcik, M., Bao, S., Hofmann, P., Schindler, K.M. et al. (2000) Surf. Sci. 445, 300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torbrügge, S., Schaff, O. & Rychen, J. (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28, C4E12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tracy, J.C. & Palmberg, P.W. (1969) Surf. Sci. 14, 274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traum, M.M. & Woodruff, D.P. (1980) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 17, 1202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trigwell, S. (1993) VG Scientific Auger Handbook (VG Scientific, East Grinstead, UK).Google Scholar
Troisi, A. & Ratner, M.A. (2006) J. Chem. Phys. 125, 214709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M. (2000) IBM J. Res, Develop. 44, 503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M. (2012) Ultramicrosc. 120, 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M. & van der Veen, J.F. (1983) Surf. Sci. 133, 159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M., Hamers, R.J. & Demuth, J.E. (1986a) Phys. Rev. B 34, 1388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M., Hamers, R.J. & Demuth, J.E. (1986b) Science 234, 304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M., Mankos, M., Reuter, M.C., Ellis, A.W. & Copel, M. (1998) Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tromp, R.M., Hannon, J.B., Ellis, A.W., Wan, W., Berghaus, A. & Schaff, O. (2010) Ultramicrosc. 110, 852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troyan, V.I., Borisyuk, P.V., Kashurnikov, V.A., Krasavin, A.V., Borman, V.D. & Tronin, V.I. (2013) Phys. Lett. A 377, 405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsong, T.T. (1971) J. Chem. Phys. 54, 4205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsong, T.T. (1993) Surf. Sci. 299/300, 153.Google Scholar
Tsukada, M., Kobayashi, K. & Isshiki, N. (1993) Appl. Surf. Sci. 67, 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tully, J.C., (1977) Phys. Rev. B 16, 4324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, D.W., Baker, C., Baker, A.D. & Brundle, C.R., (1970) Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy (InterSci., New York).Google Scholar
Uchida, H., Huang, D., Grey, F. & Aono, M. (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valla, T., Johnson, P.D., Dhesi, S.S., Smith, K.E., Doppalapudi, D., Moustakas, T.D. et al. (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 5003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van den Berg, J.A., Reading, M.A., Bailey, P., Noakes, T.Q.C., Adelmann, C., Popovic, M. et al. (2013) Appl. Surf. Sci. 281, 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Veen, J.F. (1985) Surf. Sci. Reports 5, 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandervorst, W. (2008) Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hove, J.M., Pukite, P., Cohen, P.I. & Lent, C.S. (1983) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 1, 609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hove, M.A., Weinberg, W.H. & Chan, C.-M. (2011) Low Energy Electron Diffraction, Experiment, Theory and Surface Structure Determination (Springer-Verlag, Berlin). Paperback reprint of the original 1986 publication.Google Scholar
Vickerman, J.C., Oakes, A. & Gamble, H. (2000) Surf. Interface. Anal. 29, 349.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Victoreen, J.A. (1943) J. Appl. Phys. 14, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitali, L., Levita, G., Ohmann, R., Comisso, A., De Vita, A. & Kern, K. (2010) Nature Materials 9, 320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voegeli, W., Aoyama, T., Akimoto, K., Ichimiya, A., Hisada, Y., Mitsuoka, Y. & Mukainakano, S. (2010) Surf. Sci. 604, 1713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Von Oertzen, A., Rotermund, H.H. & Nettesheim, S. (1994) Surf. Sci. 311, 322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vorburger, T.V., Penn, D. & Plummer, E.W. (1975) Surf. Sci. 48, 417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, C.D. (1975) Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc. 60, 291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, C.D., Riggs, W.M., Davis, L.E., & Moulder, J.F. (1979) Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, ed. Muilenberg, G. (Perkin-Elmer, MN, USA).Google Scholar
Wagner, T., Wang, J.Y. & Hofmann, S. (2003) in Surface Analysis by Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, ed. Briggs, D. & Grant, J.T. (IM Publications, Chichester, UK) p. 619.Google Scholar
Walker, M., Parkinson, C.R., Draxler, M. & McConville, C.F. (2005) Surf. Sci. 584, 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, M, Brown, M.G., Draxler, M., Fishwick, L., Dowsett, M.G. & McConville, C.F. (2011) Surf. Sci. 605, 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walmsley, D.G. & Tomlin, J.L. (1985) Prog. Surf. Sci. 18, 247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, G.C. & Lagally, M.G. (1979) Surf. Sci. 81, 69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, N.P., García, E.A., Flores, F., Goldberg, E.C., Brongersma, H.H. & Bauer, P. (2001) Phys. Rev. A 64, 012901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, P.R., Van Hove, M.A. & Hermann, K. (2003) NIST Surf. Structure Database Ver. 5.0, NIST Gaithersburg, MD.Google Scholar
Weinelt, M. (2002) J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, R1099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wellendorf, J., Silbaugh, T.L., Garcia-Pintos, D., Nørskov, J.K., Bligaard, T., Stidt, F. et al. (2015) Surf. Sci. 640, 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A.R. & Lang, N.D. (1977) Surf. Sci. 68, 138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, G.P. (1986) Section 1.1 of X-ray Data Booklet, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, http://xdb.lbl.gov/Section1/Sec_1-1.htmlGoogle Scholar
Williams, P. (1979) Surf. Sci. 90, 588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R.P., Nicklin, C.L., Alcock, S.G., Howes, P.B. & Bennett, S.L. (2015) to be published.Google Scholar
Willmott, P.R. (2011) An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation: Techniques and Applications (John Wiley, Chichester).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Window, A.J., Hentz, A., Sheppard, D.C., Parkinson, G.S., Woodruff, D.P., Unterberger, W. et al. (2012) Surf. Sci. 606, 1716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winograd, N. (2013) Surf. Interface Anal. 45, 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, H. & Schüller, A. (2011) Prog. Surf. Sci. 86, 169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wintterlin, J., Wiechers, J., Burne, H., Gritsch, T., Höfer, H. & Behm, R.J. (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittmaack, K. (2013) Surf. Sci. Rep. 68, 108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, M., Knoesel, E. & Hertel, T. (1996) Phys. Rev. B. 54, R5295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, E.A. (1964) J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P. (2007) Surf. Sci. Rep. 62, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P. & Bradshaw, A.M. (1994) Rep. Prog. Phys. 57, 1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P., Norman, D., Holland, B.W., Smith, N.V., Farrell, H.H. & Traum, M.M.(1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P., Johnson, P.D., Traum, M.M., Farrell, H.H., Smith, N.V., Benbow, R.L. et al. (1981) Surf. Sci. 104, 282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P., Johnson, P.D. & Smith, N.V. (1983) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1, 1104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P., Seymour, D.L., McConville, C.F., Riley, C.E., Crapper, M.D., Prince, N.P. et al. (1988a) Surf. Sci. 195, 237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P., McConville, C.F., Kilcoyne, A.L.D., Lindner, T., Somers, J., Surman, M., Paolucci, G. & Bradshaw, A.M. (1988b) Surf. Sci. 201, 228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, D.P., Baumgärtel, P., Hoeft, J.T., Kittel, M. & Polcik, M. (2001) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, 10625.Google Scholar
Wu, H., Lapeyre, G.J., Huang, H. & Tong, S.Y. (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamauchi, Y. & Kurahashi, M. (2001) Appl. Surf. Sci. 169–170, 236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, J.T. Jr. (2012) J. Chem. Phys. 137, 091701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, J.T. Jr. & Madey, T.E. (1971b) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 8, 63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeh, J.J. & Lindau, I. (1985) At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 32, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, L., Tsang, T. & Adler, I. (1976) J. Elect. Spect. 9, 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanazzi, E. & Jona, F. (1977) Surf. Sci. 62, 61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zegenhagen, J. & Kazimirov, A. (ed.) (2013) The X-ray Standing Wave Technique: Principles and Applications (World Scientific, Singapore).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zharnikov, M., Weinelt, M., Zebisch, P., Stichler, M. & Steinrück, H.P. (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, J.F. (2004) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 219–220, 1027. The SRIM software package can be downloaded from www.SRIM.org.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P. & Littmark, U. (1985) The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids (Pergamon, New York).Google Scholar
Zisman, W.A. (1932) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 3, 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J., Chen, P., Yuan, B., Ji, W., Cheng, Z. & Qui, X. (2013) Science 342, 611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, C., Ma, Z., Ren, Z., Wodtke, A.M. & Yang, X. (2012) Energy Envir. Sci. 5, 6833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • D. Phil Woodruff, University of Warwick
  • Book: Modern Techniques of Surface Science
  • Online publication: 20 October 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139149716.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • D. Phil Woodruff, University of Warwick
  • Book: Modern Techniques of Surface Science
  • Online publication: 20 October 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139149716.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • D. Phil Woodruff, University of Warwick
  • Book: Modern Techniques of Surface Science
  • Online publication: 20 October 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139149716.010
Available formats
×