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D Description of Control Variables in the Field Experiment

from Appendices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2017

Eric Kramon
Affiliation:
George Washington University, Washington DC
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Summary

This section describes the variables included in covariate balance tests and regression analyses.

Experiment 1

  • Received Electoral Handout. Constructed from the following survey question: “In talking with many Kenyans about election campaigns, we often find that people have received gifts from candidates in order to convince them to vote for that party. Have you ever received a gift from a political candidate before an election, to convince you to vote for that candidate?”

  • Believes Ballot Secrecy is Not Protected. Constructed from the following survey question: “In general, do you believe that when you vote your vote is secret, or do you think that members of a political party, the government, or your friends and neighbors can learn whom you voted for in an election?”

  • Feels Close to a Political Party. Constructed from the following survey question: “Do you feel close to a political party?” If yes, respondents are asked which party they support. The follow-up question is used to code ODM and PNU supporters.

  • Living Conditions Better Than/Worse Than/Same as Others in Neighborhood. Constructed from the following question: “Would you say that your household is Better off, Worse off, or The same as other households in your neighborhood in terms of living conditions?”

  • Trust in Relatives/Neighbors/Coethnics/Other Ethnic Groups. Constructed from the following question: “How much do you trust each of the following types of people?” Answer responses are Not at all (1), Just a little (2), I trust them somewhat (3), I trust them a lot (4).

  • Experiment 2

  • Received Electoral Handout in 2007. Constructed from the following question: “During the elections in 2007, did you receive money or a gift from a political party to convince you to vote for their candidate?”

  • Believes Ballot Secrecy is Not Protected. Constructed from the following question: “Do you think that someone powerful, like a politician or someone from a political party, can guess how you voted?”

  • Feels Close to a Political Party. Constructed from the following question: “Do you currently feel close to a political party?” If yes, follow-up question asks which party. Answers to the follow-up are used to code PNU and ODM supporters.

  • Type
    Chapter
    Information
    Money for Votes
    The Causes and Consequences of Electoral Clientelism in Africa
    , pp. 199 - 201
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Print publication year: 2017

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