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1 - Anatomical and physiological basis for neural plasticity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2010

Aage R. Møller
Aage R. Møller
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Dallas
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Summary

Introduction

The nervous system is plastic and expression of neural plasticity can compensate for losses and adapt to changing demands, but the induced changes in the function of the nervous system can also cause symptoms and signs of disease. In fact, such functional change causes or contributes to the symptoms of many disorders of the nervous system. This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms involved in expression of neural plasticity in general, its role in compensating for deficits and adapting to changing demands, and in creating signs and symptoms of disease. The mechanisms involved in expression of neural plasticity and the physiological and anatomical basis for expression of neural plasticity are discussed.

In the following chapters of this book, we will discuss the pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the role of expression of neural plasticity. In these chapters we will discuss the different symptoms and signs that are caused by expression of neural plasticity while this chapter will provide an overview of the role of expression of neural plasticity and the physiological and anatomical basis for expression of neural plasticity.

Advantages to the organism from neural plasticity

The beneficial effects of expression of neural plasticity can be divided into three main groups:

  1. a. Necessary for normal postnatal development.

  2. b. It makes the nervous system adapt to changing demands.

  3. c. It can compensate for loss of function and reorganize the nervous system to replace lost functions.

Postnatal development

Perhaps the greatest advantage to humans from neural plasticity is the postnatal development of skills and adaptation to different tasks.

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Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System , pp. 7 - 41
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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