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6 - Cranial nerves and neurotology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2010

Aage R. Møller
Aage R. Møller
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Dallas
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Summary

Introduction

This chapter concerns disorders of cranial nerves and the vestibular system. Disorders of cranial nerves include paresis and paralysis of motor nerves such as facial palsy, and hyperactivity of motor nerves such as hemifacial spasm (HFS). Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (TGN and GPN) are hyperactivity of sensory systems that results in pain (neuralgia). Disorders of cranial nerves such as HFS, TGN and GPN are known as “vascular compression disorders” because they can be effectively cured by moving a blood vessel off the respective cranial nerve root (microvascular decompression (MVD) [109, 111]. The pathophysiology of HFS is discussed in detail in this chapter because it serves as a model of other hyperkinetic disorders. The pathophysiologies of other disorders that can be cured by MVD are also discussed. Other disorders of nerves such as those that are caused by inflammation and injuries of nerves are discussed in Chapter 2.

The vestibular system provides proprioceptive input to the motor system via the vestibulospinal tract, and this input aids in voluntary body movements as well as in automatic functions like keeping posture, as was discussed in Chapter 5. In this chapter, we will discuss disorders that are associated with the vestibular system such as benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV). A disorder of the vestibular system that is associated with vascular compression of the vestibular nerve (DPV) will also be discussed in this chapter. Ménière's disease affects both the vestibular and the auditory system.

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Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System , pp. 330 - 385
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Cranial nerves and neurotology
  • Aage R. Møller, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System
  • Online publication: 08 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616228.007
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  • Cranial nerves and neurotology
  • Aage R. Møller, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System
  • Online publication: 08 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616228.007
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  • Cranial nerves and neurotology
  • Aage R. Møller, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System
  • Online publication: 08 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616228.007
Available formats
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