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5 - Movement disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2010

Aage R. Møller
Aage R. Møller
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Dallas
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Summary

Introduction

The somatic motor system controls voluntary movement, locomotion and posture. The motor system is the output organ for all conscious communications. The motor system is complex and it includes sophisticated control systems with many loops, most of which are integrated with one another. The motor system includes a large degree of redundancy, and it has a high degree of plasticity. Therefore, motor systems can be reorganized through expression of neural plasticity, and such reorganization can be activated by new or differing use (exercise), changing demands or injury. Expression of neural plasticity can also cause symptoms and signs of disease.

Disorders of the motor system may cause negative phenomena such as loss of voluntary movement and strength of fine motor control, muscle spasm, tremor, twitches and synkinesis, involuntary movements (chorea, athetosis) and deficits in coordination (ataxia), or positive phenomena such as increased reflexes and increased tone. Reorganization and change in function that are primarily aimed at compensating for deficits may cause symptoms and signs that are not directly related to the primary injury.

Understanding the function of motor systems is a challenge. It is an even greater challenge to understand the causes of various symptoms and signs of injury and diseases that affect the motor systems of the spinal cord and brain. We will therefore devote a part of this chapter to describing the basic organization and function of the motor system.

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Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System , pp. 241 - 329
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Movement disorders
  • Aage R. Møller, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System
  • Online publication: 08 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616228.006
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  • Movement disorders
  • Aage R. Møller, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System
  • Online publication: 08 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616228.006
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  • Movement disorders
  • Aage R. Møller, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System
  • Online publication: 08 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616228.006
Available formats
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