2 - Nerves
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 February 2010
Summary
Introduction
Symptoms and signs of disease related to nerves can be a direct result of changes in the function of the axons themselves, or the symptoms and signs can result from subsequent changes in the function of more central structures through changes in procession of information or from expression of neural plasticity. Disorders of nerves (neuropathy) can therefore present many different, often complex, symptoms. Neuropathy of sensory nerves can give pain, cause paresthesia and other abnormal sensations and functions and cause expression of neural plasticity with subsequent re-organization of CNS structures. Neuropathy of motor nerves can give paresis, paralysis and abnormal muscle activity. Pathologies of motor nerves, the neuromuscular junctions (muscle endplates) or muscles themselves mostly result in reduced, or loss of, function (paresis or paralysis). Disorders of muscles and motor nerves can also cause re-organization of neural circuits in the CNS including the motor cortex through expression of neural plasticity. Interruption of mixed nerves can affect motor function indirectly when proprioceptive nerve fibers are affected because of change of proprioceptive input to the spinal cord or to cranial nerve motor circuits. (Disorders of cranial nerves are discussed in Chapter 6.)
Nerve disorders can initiate changes in the function of CNS structures through expression of neural plasticity; these changes develop gradually and may persist even after healing of the nerve injuries. The CNS changes may be permanent or reversible, with or without intervention.
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- Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System , pp. 42 - 67Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
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