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20 - PET/SPECT

from Part II - Neuroimaging in neurodegeneration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

M. Flint Beal ,
Anthony E. Lang  and
Albert C. Ludolph
By
Maja Trošt ,
Vijay Dhawan ,
Andrew Feigin  and
David Eidelberg
M. Flint Beal
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Anthony E. Lang
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Albert C. Ludolph
Affiliation:
Universität Ulm, Germany
Maja Trošt
Affiliation:
Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
Vijay Dhawan
Affiliation:
Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
Andrew Feigin
Affiliation:
Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
David Eidelberg
Affiliation:
Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
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Summary

Introduction

Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those affecting the basal ganglia and related pathways, are often associated with abnormal activity of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. The integrity of this system can be assessed by neuroimaging methods utilizing radioligands that bind to pre or postsynaptic components. By contrast, the functional organization of the basal ganglia and its projections can be assessed by imaging regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism as measures of neural activity. Single photon and positron emission tomographic imaging (SPECT and PET) have been applied in studies of network activity. While these studies have relied mainly upon PET imaging in the resting state and during brain activation, SPECT and magnetic resonance techniques have also been used for this purpose. In this chapter, we will review the development of PET and SPECT techniques as markers of neurodegenerative processes specifically to assess rates of disease progression and the effects of novel therapeutic interventions.

Presynaptic dopaminergic function

Dopamine transporter imaging

The dopamine transporter (DAT) enables the release and reabsorption of dopamine in the nigrostriatal intersynaptic cleft. Different radiotracers, mostly cocaine analogues, have been developed to quantify striatal DAT binding as an objective marker of the integrity of presynaptic nigrostriatal dopamine terminals (Wilson et al., 1996; Ma et al., 2002) (Fig. 20.1). DAT imaging can be implemented with a variety of radiotracers using either SPECT or PET techniques. The major SPECT compounds in current use include [123I]-2β-carbomethyl-3β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane (βCIT) and its fluoropropyl derivative [123I] FPCIT, [123I]-Altropane, [123I]-(N)-(3-io dopropen-2-yl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane (IPT), and [99mTc]-2β-((N, N′-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)ethylene diamino)methyl), 3β-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane) (TRODAT).

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Type
Chapter
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Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurobiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
 , pp. 290 - 300
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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  • PET/SPECT
    • By Maja Trošt, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, Vijay Dhawan, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, Andrew Feigin, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, David Eidelberg, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
  • M. Flint Beal, Cornell University, New York, Anthony E. Lang, University of Toronto, Albert C. Ludolph, Universität Ulm, Germany
  • Book: Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Online publication: 04 August 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544873.021
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  • PET/SPECT
    • By Maja Trošt, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, Vijay Dhawan, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, Andrew Feigin, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, David Eidelberg, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
  • M. Flint Beal, Cornell University, New York, Anthony E. Lang, University of Toronto, Albert C. Ludolph, Universität Ulm, Germany
  • Book: Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Online publication: 04 August 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544873.021
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  • PET/SPECT
    • By Maja Trošt, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, Vijay Dhawan, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, Andrew Feigin, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA, David Eidelberg, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, USA
  • M. Flint Beal, Cornell University, New York, Anthony E. Lang, University of Toronto, Albert C. Ludolph, Universität Ulm, Germany
  • Book: Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Online publication: 04 August 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544873.021
Available formats
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