In an essay about his science fiction, Isaac Asimov reflected that “it became very common … to picture robots as dangerous devices that invariably destroyed their creators.” He rejected this view and formulated the “laws of robotics,” aimed at ensuring the safety and benevolence of robotic systems. Asimov’s stories about the relationship between people and robots were only a few years old when the phrase “artificial intelligence” (AI) was used for the first time in a 1955 proposal for a study on using computers to “solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans.” Over the half-century since that study, AI has matured into sub-disciplines that have yielded a constellation of methods that enable perception, learning, reasoning, and natural language understanding.