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8 - Reconstructing australopithecine growth and development: What do we think we know?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2009

By
K. L. Kuykendall
Edited by
J. L. Thompson ,
G. E. Krovitz  and
A. J. Nelson
K. L. Kuykendall
Affiliation:
University of the Witwatersrand
J. L. Thompson
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
G. E. Krovitz
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
A. J. Nelson
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
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Summary

… distinctive patterns of dental development characterize A. africanus and A. robustus … This is not to imply that we necessarily know the cause of these pattern differences – only that they are apparently real and need some biological explanation.

(Conroy & Kuykendall, 1995: 128)

It is perhaps time we characterize early hominids more for what they are than what they are like, insofar as this is possible. We should be cognizant of the fact that early hominids were not apes as we know them today. They were unique creatures varying in morphology, behaviour and ecology, their ontogenetic strategies reflecting life history variation through evolutionary time.

(Bromage, 1987: 271)

Introduction

Paleoanthropologists have always taken note of the maturational status of fossil hominid specimens as an important comparative feature. In Dart's (1925) original description of the Taung child, he inferred an age at death of approximately 6 years based on comparisons with the emergence status of the M1 in modern human children. Over time, the notion that australopithecines followed a prolonged human-like schedule of growth and development took firm hold in the paleoanthropological literature (Kyauka, 1994; Mann, 1975). Prolonged “human-like” growth and development was considered to be essential to the evolution of notably “human” traits such as intelligence, language, tool production and use, social behavior, and culture itself (Dobzhansky, 1962; Isaac, 1972; Lancaster, 1975; Lovejoy, 1981; Mann, 1975). Retrospectively, the focus of many of these models was to document the evolutionary origin of modern human adaptive traits – i.e., on “human” rather than “hominid” evolution (Macho, 2001).

Type
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Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo , pp. 191 - 218
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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