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Chapter 2 - History in Light of the Sidus Iulium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2018

Nandini B. Pandey
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
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Summary

This chapter tracks the iconographical development of the Julian star (sidus Iulium) alongside the Augustan poets’ evolving, retrospective interpretations of Caesar’s deification. The symbol of the Julian star originated with a comet that appeared over Julius Caesar’s funeral games (44 BCE) and was hailed as a sign that he had joined the gods. Scholars since Servius have assumed that Caesar’s heir, the future Augustus, prompted this interpretation to advance his ambitions as the “son of a god.” Historical sources closer to the time, however, argue against the idea that Octavian ‘spun’ the comet or curated its use within Roman culture. Furthermore, coins and a constellation of allusions to the sidus in Vergil, Horace, Propertius, Ovid, and Manilius encode heterogeneous, and frequently skeptical, responses to the principate. The idea that Augustus masterminded this symbol instead originates belatedly as viewers like Ovid (in his account of Caesar’s deification in Metamorphoses 15) retrojected the emperor’s mature power onto his earlier career. The sidus thereby speaks to Romans’ difficulty in interpreting events without hindsight, their subsequent tendency to reinterpret history in conformity with a dominant narrative, and their anxieties about the future of Julian rule.
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The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome
Latin Poetic Responses to Early Imperial Iconography
, pp. 35 - 82
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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