In this handbook we have presented a design-focused and theory-based methodology for business problem-solving (BPS). Design-focused means that the primary aim of a BPS project is not generating knowledge and writing a smart report, but designing solutions to business problems (plus the accompanying change plans) to eventually improve performance of a certain business system. Even if the student is only involved in the design phase of a BPS project, the eventual performance improvement is the focus of the project. Theory-based means that in problem-solving the student does not rely solely on experience and informed common sense, but also state-of-the-art object and process knowledge.

The methodology presented in this handbook belongs to the family of rational problem-solving approaches; it is content-focused as opposed to process-focused. The student plays an expert role, rather than a coaching one. (One of the reasons for the choice of an expert role is that the BPS project is a learning experience in applying management theory in practice). At the same time the methodology takes into account that performance improvement involves organizational change and that organizational change does not only need technical interventions like a good report or presentation, but political and cultural interventions as well [Tichy 1983]. Therefore we pay attention to problem analysis, problem diagnosis and solution design as well as to change planning and developing support in the client organization for the solution and change plan. Students should not play pure expert roles, making analyses and designs independently.