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2 - Recollections of John Bell

from Part I - John Stewart Bell: The Physicist

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2016

Michael Nauenberg
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
Shan Gao
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
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Summary

It is a pleasure to contribute to this anthology some of my recollections of John Bell.

I first met him at SLAC, where we were visitors during 1964–5 when he was on leave from CERN, and I was on leave from the Columbia University Physics Department. Soon I found that we had a common interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics, and we had lively discussions on this subject. We were concerned with the “reduction of the wave packet” after an experiment in quantum mechanics was completed, and wrote a tongue-incheek article on this subject for a festschrift in honor of Viki Weisskopf [1], stating that

We emphasize not only that our view is that of a minority but also that current interest in such questions is small. The typical physicist feels that they have long been answered, and that he will fully understand just how, if ever he can spare twenty minutes to think about it.

Now, 50 years later, this topic, known as the measurement problem, has become the source of numerous articles representing many different viewpoints. At the time, however, I confess that I did not realize that the main flaw in John von Neumann's presentation of this problem was his assumption that a measuring device can be represented by a pointer with only two quantum states. Actually, a measuring device must be able to record the outcome of an experiment, and for this purpose it has to have an enormous number of quantum states, leading to an irreversible macroscopic transition in the device. A correct discussion of the measurement problemwas given, for example, by Nico vanKampen [2], but recently he told me that he was unable to persuade Bell, who continued to be concerned about this problem for the rest of his life. Indeed, shortly before he died, he wrote a diatribe [3] entitled “Against Measurement,” where he continued to argue that this problem constituted a fundamental flaw in quantum mechanics. Kurt Gottfried, who referred to this problem as Bell's second major theme, called his article “a fervent jeremiad summarizing a lifetime of reflection on what he saw as the fatal flaws of the orthodox theory” [4].

Type
Chapter
Information
Quantum Nonlocality and Reality
50 Years of Bell's Theorem
, pp. 19 - 24
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

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References

[1] J.S., Bell and M., Nauenberg, The moral aspect of quantum mechanics, in Preludes in Theoretical Physics, edited by A. de, Shalit, H., Feshbach, and L. Van, Hove (North Holland, Amsterdam 1966); reproduced in J.S., Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1987), pp. 22–28.
[2] N.G., van Kampen, Ten theorems about quantum mechanical measurements, Physica A 153, 97 (1988).
[3] I use the term diatribe in the sense of “an ironic or satirical criticism”.
[4] M., Bell, K., Gottfried and M., Veltman (eds.), Quantum Mechanics, High Energy Physics and Accelerators: Selected Papers of John S. Bell (World Scientific, Singapore, 1995), p. 8.
[5] J.S., Bell, Against measurement, Physics World, 33 August (1990).
[6] R., Peierls, In defence of measurement, Physics World, 19 January (1991).
[7] M., Veltman, private communication. 24 Recollections of John Bell
[8] J.S., Bell, Current algebra and gauge variance, Nuovo Cim. 50, 129 (1967).Google Scholar
[9] J.S., Bell and J., Steinberger, Weak interaction of kaons, in L., Wolfenstein (ed.), Oxford International Symposium Conference on Elementary Particles, Sept. 1965, pp. 42–57.
[10] A., Aspect, Proposed experiment to test the non separability of quantum mechanics, Phys. Rev. D 14, 1944 (1976); A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, Experimental tests of realistic local theories via Bell's theorem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 460 (1981); Experimental realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A new violation of Bell's inequality, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 91 (1982).Google Scholar
[11] L., Gilder, The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics Was Reborn (Knopf, New York, 2008), p. 256.
[12] J.S., Clauser, M.A., Horne, A., Shimony and R., Holt, Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories, Phys, Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969).
[13] C.A., Kocher and E.D., Commins, Polarization correlation of photons emitted in an atomic cascade, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 575 (1967).Google Scholar
[14] S.J., Freedman and J.F., Clauser, Experimental test of local hidden-variable theories, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 938 (1972).Google Scholar
[15] A., Aspect, private communication.
[16] M., Nauenberg, Quantum wavepackets on Kepler elliptical orbits, Phys. Rev. A 140, 1133 (1989); Wave packets: Past and present, in J.A., Yeazell and T., Uzer (eds.), The Physics and Chemistry of Wave Packets, (Wiley, New York, 2000), pp. 1–30.

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