This chapter outlines some of the differences in learning to read in differing L1s. Because different languages vary in their phonological, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems, a given L1 and L2 could be quite different from each other linguistically. Generally speaking, the linguistic differences, or linguistic distance, between any given L1 and L2 will be a factor to consider in L2 reading development. When two languages are more distinct linguistically, there is a greater likelihood (though no guarantees) that there will be greater linguistic processing interference. An examination of reading in different L1s helps to interpret the notion of linguistic distance as a useful concept. Moreover, the exploration of reading development in different languages can help identify the extent to which there are universals of reading development and the extent to which the interaction between a given L1 and L2 will create unique issues for learning and instruction. This issue of different patterns of L1 reading development provides additional perspectives on some of the difficulties that L2 readers might face as they learn to read an L2.

In exploring reading development in different languages, this chapter does not make any claim for comprehensiveness.