This chapter considers generation in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1500 to 1700. How did theorizing, regulating and practising generation charge, or not, during this key period of imperial expansion and consolidation? The answer is approached first through an account of cases of matrimony and generation in Islamic law, which had jurisdiction over all subjects, whether Muslim, Christian or Jewish. Then the focus shifts to Islamic scholarship, concentrating on Quranic exegesis, mastery of the Sunna (the authoritative prophetic traditions or hadith) and jurisprudence (fikh), which constituted the dominant discursive matrix for generation. Much of it was founded in earlier Greek and Arabic traditions and focused on marriage and the production of an heir. Gynecology and generation in Ottoman medical writings is a third angle, ranging in topic from seed to obstructed births. In conclusion, the chapter returns to legal courts and considers actual cases about compensation for lost fetuses, whether allegedly caused by a third party or the pregnant women. Overall, Ottoman conception and abortion provide a point of contrast with developments in western and northern Europe over the same period: not just the content of Islamic law remained stable, but also its modes of enforcement in relation to the state.