The twentieth-century Pentecost, the Welsh Revival of 1904–5, was the last flourish of mass resistance to the triumph of the historicist perspective. For a brief moment, the new rules of historical and psychological discourse were rent asunder. Their core assumptions, the narrative exclusion of the supernatural and the containment of the sacred within the field of memory, were challenged as miraculous events tore apart the fabric of everyday life. The movement began on the edge of industrial Wales, in 1904. It was characterised by charismatic worship and its converts were credited with the establishment of the Pentecostal Churches. The movement's emergence is attributed variously to the power of secret prayers, a conservative reaction to the decline of Welsh culture, and the psychological frustration of the disenfranchised.