Aarts, Kees. 1995. “Intermediate organizations and interest representation.” In Citizens and the State. Eds. Hans-Dieter Klingemann and Dieter Fuchs. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Abela, Anthony M. 1993. “Post-secularisation: The social significance of religious values in four Catholic European countries.” Melita Theolgica. XⅬIV: 39–58Google Scholar

Abramson, Paul R., and Ronald Inglehart. 1995. Value Change in Global Perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press

Abu-Lughod, Lila. Ed. 1998. Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Acquaviva, Sabino Samele. 1979. The Decline of the Sacred in Industrial Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell

Addi, L. 1992. “Islamicist utopia and democracy.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 120–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Akhavi, S. 1992. “The clergy's concepts of rule in Egypt and Iran.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 92–102CrossRefGoogle Scholar

al-Braizat, Fares. 2003. “Muslims and democracy: An empirical critique of Fukuyama's culturalist approach.” International Journal of Comparative SociologyGoogle Scholar

Aldridge, Alan. 2000. Religion in the Contemporary World: A Sociological Introduction. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press

Alesina, Alberto, Devleeschauwer, Arnaud, Easterly, William, Kurlat, Sergio, and Wacziarg, Romain. 2003. “Fractionalization.” Journal of Economic Growth. 82: 219–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alex-Assensoh, Y., and Assensoh, A. B.. 2001. “Inner-city contexts, church attendance, and African-American political participation.” Journal of Politics. 63(3): 886–901CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alford, Robert R. 1967. “Class voting in the Anglo-American political systems.” In Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross National Perspectives. Eds. Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan. New York: The Free Press

Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Anderson, John. 1994. Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States. New York: Cambridge University Press

Arat, Y. 2000. “Feminists, Islamists, and political change in Turkey.” Political Psychology. 19(1): 117–131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Argue, Amy, Johnson, David R., and White, Lynn K.. 1999. “Age and religiosity: Evidence from a three-wave panel analysis.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 38(3): 423–435CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Argyle M., and Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi. 1975. The Social Psychology of Religion. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul

Arisi, E. 2003. “Changing attitudes towards abortion in Europe.” European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 8(2): 109–121CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Asghar, Ali Engineer. Ed. 2001. Islam, Women and Gender Justice. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House

Ashford, Sheena, and Noel Timms. 1992. What Europe Thinks: A Study of Western European Values. Aldershot, U.K.: Dartmouth

Åsland, Anders. 2002. Building Capitalism: The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Ayubi, N. 1992. “State Islam and communal plurality.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 79–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Azzi, Corry, and Ehrenberg, Ronald. 1975. “Household allocation of time and church attendance.” Journal of Political Economy. 83: 27–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bainbridge, William Simms. 1997. The Sociology of Religious Movements. New York: Routledge

Baril, Alain, and Mori, George A.. 1991. “Leaving the fold: Declining church attendance.” Canadian Social Trends. Autumn: 21–24Google Scholar

Barker, D. C., and Carman, C. J.. 2000. “The spirit of capitalism? Religious doctrine, values, and economic attitude constructs.” Political Behavior. 22(1): 1–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barker, E., J. Beckford, and Karel Dobbelaere. Eds. 1993. Secularization, Rationalism, and Sectarianism: Essays in Honour of Bryan R. Wilson. New York: Oxford University Press

Barnes, Samuel, and Max Kaase. 1979. Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Baron, Stephen, John Field, and Tom Schuller. Eds. 2000. Social Capital: Critical Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Barrett, David B. Ed. 1982. World Christian Encyclopedia. Nairobi: Oxford University Press

Barrett, David B., and Todd M. Johnson. 2001. World Christian Trends AD 30–2200. Pasedena, CA: William Carey Library

Barrett, David B., George T. Kurian, and Todd M. Johnson. Eds. 2001. World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Barrett, David V. 1996. Sects, “Cults,” and Alternative Religions: A World Survey and Sourcebook. London: Blandford

Barro, Robert J., and Rachel M. McCleary. 2003. “Religion and economic growth.” Unpublished paper. Available online at: http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/barro/papers/

Bartolini, Stephano, and Peter Mair. 1990. Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: The Stabilization of European Electorates, 1885–1985. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Becker, P. E., and Dhingra, P. H.. 2001. “Religious involvement and volunteering: Implications for civil society.” Sociology of Religion. 62:315–336CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. 1997. The Psychology of Religious Behavior, Belief and Experience. New York: Routledge

Bell, Daniel. 1973. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books

Bensen, Peter L., Donahue, Michael J., and Erickson, Joseph A.. 1989. “Adolescence and religion: A review of the literature from 1970–1986.” Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion. 1:153–181Google Scholar

Berger, Peter L. 1967. The Sacred Canopy. Garden City, NY: Doubleday

Berger, Peter L.. 1979. The Heretical Imperative: Contemporary Possibilities of Religious Affirmation. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books

Berger, Peter L.. Ed. 1999. The Desecularization of the World. Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center

Berkovitch, N., and Moghadam, V. M.. 1999. “Middle East politics and women's collective action: Challenging the status quo.” Social Politics. 6(3): 273–291CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyer, P. 1997. “Religious vitality in Canada: The complementarity of religious market and secularization perspectives.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 36(2): 272–288CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyer, P.. “Secularization from the perspective of globalization: A response to Dobbelaere.” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 289–301

Bibby, Reginald W. 1979. “The state of collective religiosity in Canada: An empirical analysis.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. 16(1): 105–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blancarte, R. J. 2000. “Popular religion, Catholicism and socioreligious dissent in Latin America – Facing the modernity paradigm.” International Sociology. 15(4): 591–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blondel, Jean. 1970. Votes, Parties and Leaders. London: Penguin

Blum, U., and Dudley, L.. 2001. “Religion and economic growth: Was Weber right?” Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 11(2): 207–230Google Scholar

Bociurkie, B. R., and J. W. Strong. Eds. 1975. Religion and Atheism in the USSR and Eastern Europe. London: Macmillan

Bok, Derek. 1996. The State of the Nation: Government and the Quest for a Better Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Borowik, Irena. 2002. “Between orthodoxy and eclecticism: On the religious transformations of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.” Social Compass. 49(4): 497–508CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Borowik, Irena. 2002. “The Roman Catholic Church in the process of democratic transformation: The case of Poland.” Social Compass. 49(2): 239–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1970. Reproduction in Education, Culture and Society. London: Sage

Boyle, Kevin, and Juliet Sheen. Eds. 1997. Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report. New York: Routledge

Bradley, David, Huber, Evelyn, Moller, Stephanie, Nielsen, Francois, and Stephens, John D.. 2003. “Distribution and redistribution in postindustrial democracies.” World Politics 55(1): 193–228CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brechon, Pierre. 1997. Religions et politique en Europe. Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques

Brehm, J., and Rahn, Wendy. 1997. “Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital.” American Journal of Political Science. 41: 999–1024CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bromley, David G., and Jeffrey K. Hadden. Eds. 1993. The Handbook of Cults and Sects in America. Greenwich, CT, and London: Association for the Sociology of Religion and JAI Press

Brooks, C., and Manza, Jeff. 1997. “Social cleavages and political alignments: U.S. presidential elections, 1960 to 1992.” American Sociological Review. 62(6): 937–946CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brooks, C., and Manza, Jeff. 1997. “The religious factor in U.S. presidential elections, 1960–1992.” American Journal of Sociology. 103(1): 38–81Google Scholar

Broughton, David, and Hans-Martien ten Napel. Eds. 2000. Religion and Mass Electoral Behavior in Europe. London: Routledge

Bruce, Steve. 1992. Religion and Modernization: Sociologists and Historians Debate the Secularization Thesis. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Bruce, Steve. 1995. “The truth about religion in Britain.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 34(4): 417–430CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bruce, Steve. 1996. Religion in the Modern World: From Cathedrals to Cults. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bruce, Steve. 2000. “The supply-side model of religion: The Nordic and Baltic states.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 39(1): 32–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bruce, Steve. 2002. God is Dead: Secularization in the West. Oxford: Blackwell

Bryant, J. M. 2000. “Cost-benefit accounting and the piety business: Is homo religious, at bottom, a homo economicus?” Methods and Theory in the Study of Religion. 12: 520–548Google Scholar

Buncak, J. 2001. “Religiosity in Slovakia and its European context.” Sociologia. 33(1): 47–69Google Scholar

Burn, Shawn Meghan. 2000. Women across Cultures: A Global Perspective. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub

Burns, Nancy, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Sidney Verba. 2001. The Private Roots of Public Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Butler, David, and Donald E. Stokes. 1974. Political Change in Britain: The Evolution of Electoral Choice. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan

Campbell, Angus, Philip Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley

Campbell, Robert A., and Curtis, James E.. 1994. “Religious involvement across societies: Analysis for alternative measures in national surveys.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33(3): 215–229CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Robert A., and Curtis, James E.. 1996. “The public's views on the future of religion and science: Cross-national survey results.” Review of Religious Research. 37(3): 260–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caplow, T. 1998. “The case of the phantom Episcopalians.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 112–113CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carone, D. A., and Barone, D. F.. 2001. “A social cognitive perspective on religious beliefs: Their functions and impact on coping and psychotherapy.” Clinical Psychology Review. 21(7): 989–1003CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carroll, Jackson W., Barbara Hargrove, and Adair Lummis. 1983. Women of the Cloth. San Francisco: Harper & Row

Casanova, Jose. 1994. Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Cassel, C. A. 1999. “Voluntary associations, churches, and social participation theories of turnout.” Social Science Quarterly. 80(3): 504–517Google Scholar

Castles, Francis G. 1994. “On religion and public policy: Does Catholicism make a difference?” European Journal of Political Research. 25(1): 19–40Google Scholar

Cesareo, V., et al. 1995. La Religiosità in Italia. 2nd ed. Milan: A. Mondadori

Chalcraft, David J., and Austin Harrington. 2001. The Protestant Ethic Debate: Max Weber Replies to His Critics, 1907–1910. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press

Chalfant, H. Paul, Robert E. Beckley, and C. Eddie Palmer. 1994. Religion in Contemporary Society. Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock

Chaves, Mark. 1989. “Secularization and religious revival: Evidence from U.S. church attendance rates, 1972–1986.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 28: 464–477CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaves, Mark. 1999. “The National Congregations Study: Background, Methods and Selected Results.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 38(4): 458–476CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaves, Mark, and Cann, David E.. 1992. “Regulation, pluralism and religious market structure.” Rationality and Society. 4: 272–290CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaves, Mark, and Gorski, Philip S.. 2001. “Religious pluralism and religious participation.” Annual Review of Sociology. 27: 261–281CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chirot, D. 2001. “A clash of civilizations or of paradigms? Theorizing progress and social change.” International Sociology. 16(3): 341–360CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Church of England, The. The Year in Review, 2001–2002. Available online at: http://www.cofe.anglican.org/COE2002version2.pdf

CIA. The World Factbook, 2002. Available online at: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/

Cimino, Richard, and Don Lattin. 2002. Shopping for Faith: American Religion in the New Millennium. New York: Jossey-Bass

Cipriani, R. 1994. “Religiosity, religious secularism and secular religions.” International Social Science Journal. 46(2): 277–284Google Scholar

Clubb, Jerome M., William H. Flanigan, and Nancy H. Zingale. 1990. Partisan Realignment: Voters, Parties and Government in American History. Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social capital in the creation of human capital.” American Journal of Sociology. 94: 95–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Belknap

Conover, Pamela Johnston. 1988. “Feminists and the gender gap.” Journal of Politics. 50: 985–1010CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Conquest, Robert. Ed. 1968. Religion in the U.S.S.R. New York: Praeger

Conway, Margaret, Gertrude A. Steuernagel, and David Ahern. 1997. Women and Political Participation. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press

Crewe, Ivor, Alt, Jim, and Sarlvik, Bo. 1977. “Partisan dealignment in Britain 1964–1974.” British Journal of Political Science. 7: 129–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crewe, Ivor, and D. T. Denver. Eds. 1985. Electoral Change in Western Democracies: Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility. New York: St. Martin's Press

Currie, R., A. D. Gilbert, and L. Horsley. 1977. Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles since 1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Curtis, J. E., Baer, D. E., and Grabb, E. G.. 2001. “Nations of joiners: Explaining voluntary association membership in democratic societies.” American Sociological Review. 66(6): 783–805CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dahrendorf, Ralph. 1959. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

Dalton, Russell J. 1999. “Political support in advanced industrialized democracies.” In Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance. Ed. Pippa Norris. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Currie, R., A. D. Gilbert, and L. Horsley. 2002. Citizen Politics. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House

Dalton, Russell J., Scott C. Flanagan, and Paul A. Beck. Eds. 1984. Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Dasgupta, Partha, and Ismail Serageldin. Eds. 2000. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank

Davie, Grace. 1994. Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging. Oxford: Blackwell

Davis, N. J., and Robinson, R. V.. 1999. “Their brothers' keepers? Orthodox religionists, modernists, and economic justice in Europe.” American Journal of Sociology. 104(6): 1631–1665Google Scholar

Graaf, N. D. 1999. “Event history data and making a history out of cross-sectional data – How to answer the question ‘Why cohorts differ?’” Quality & Quantity. 33(3): 261–276Google Scholar

Vaus, David A. 1984. “Workforce participation and sex differences in church attendance.” Review of Religious Research. 25: 247–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vaus, David A., and McAllister, Ian. 1987. “Gender differences in religion: A test of the structural location theory.” American Sociological Review. 52: 472–481CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Deeb, M. J. 1992. “Militant Islam and the politics of redemption.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 52–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dekker, G., J. de Hart, and J. Peters. 1997. God in Nederland 1966–1996. Amsterdam: Anthos

Dekker, Paul, and Ester, Peter. 1996. “Depillarization, deconfessionalization, and de-ideologization: Empirical trends in Dutch society 1958–1992.” Review of Religious Research. 37(4): 325–341CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dhruvarajan, Vanaja. 1988. “Religious ideology and interpersonal relationships within the family.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 19: 273–285Google Scholar

Diotallevi, Luca. 2002. “Internal competition in a national religious monopoly: The Catholic effect and the Italian case.” Sociology of Religion. 63(2): 137–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Djupe, P. A., and Grant, J. T.. 2001. “Religious institutions and political participation in America.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40(2): 303–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1981. “Secularization: A multidimensional concept.” Current Sociology. 29(2): 1–21Google Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1985. “Secularization theories and sociological paradigms: A reformulation of the private-public dichotomy and the problem of social integration.” Sociological Analysis. 46: 377–387CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1987. “Some trends in European sociology of religion: The secularization debate.” Sociological Analysis. 48: 107–137CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1993. “Church involvement and secularization: Making sense of the European case.” In Secularization, Rationalism and Sectarianism. Eds. E. Barker, J. A. Beckford, and Karel Dobbelaere. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1995. “Religion in Europe and North America.” In Values in Western Societies. Ed. Ruud de Moor. Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University Press

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1999. “Towards an integrated perspective of the processes related to the descriptive concept of secularization.” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 229–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel, and Wolfgang Jagodzinski. 1995. “Religious cognitions and beliefs.” In The Impact of Values. Eds. Jan W. van Deth and Elinor Scarbrough. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Dogan, Mattei, and Richard Rose. Eds. 1971. European Politics: A Reader. London: Macmillan

Douglas, Ann. 1977. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Knopf

Durant, Henry W. 1949. Political Opinion. London: Allen and Unwin

Durant, Henry W. 1969. “Voting behavior in Britain 1945–1966.” In Studies in British Politics. Ed. Richard Rose. London: Macmillan

Durkheim, Émile. 1984 [1893]. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: The Free Press. Trans. W. D. Haus

Durkheim, Émile. 1995 [1912]. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: The Free Press. Trans. Karen E. Fields

Duverger, Maurice. 1955. The Political Role of Women. Paris: UNESCO

Ebaugh, Helen Rose, Lorence, Jon, and Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. 1996. “The growth and decline of the population of Catholic nuns cross-nationally, 1960–1990: A case of secularization as social structural change.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 35: 171–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eisenstadt, S. Comparative Perspectives in Social Change. Boston: Little, Brown

Esmer, Yilmaz. 2003. “Is there an Islamic civilization?” In Culture and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys. Ed. Ronald Inglehart. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers

Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Esposito, John. Ed. 1997. Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform? Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner

Esposito, John L., and John O. Voll. 1996. Democracy and Islam. New York: Oxford University Press

Evans, J. H. 2002. “Polarization in abortion attitudes in U.S. religious traditions, 1972–1998.” Sociological Forum 17(3): 397–422CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farrell, David, and Rudiger Schmitt-Beck. Eds. 2002. Do Political Campaigns Matter? London: Routledge

Ferraro, Kenneth F., and Kelley-Moore, Jessica A.. 2000. “Religious consolation among men and women: Do health problems spur seeing?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 39: 220–234Google Scholar

Fichter, Joseph H. 1952. “The profile of Catholic religious life.” American Journal of Sociology. 58: 145–149CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finke, Roger. 1992. “An unsecular America.” In Religion and Modernization. Ed. Steve Bruce. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Finke, Roger, and Iannaccone, Lawrence R.. 1993. “The illusion of shifting demand: Supply-side explanations for trends and change in the American religious market place.” Annals of the American Association of Political and Social Science. 527: 27–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finke, Roger, and Rodney Stark. 1992. The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press

Finke, Roger, and Rodney Stark. 2000. Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Firebaugh, Glenn. 1992. “Where does social change come from? Estimating the relative contributions of individual change and population turnover.” Population Research and Policy Review. 11: 1–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flere, S. 2001. “The impact of religiosity upon political stands: Survey findings from seven central European countries.” East European Quarterly. 35(2): 183–199Google Scholar

Fox, J. 1999. “The influence of religious legitimacy on grievance formation by ethno-religious minorities.” Journal of Peace Research. 36(3): 289–307CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fox, J.. “Two civilizations and ethnic conflict: Islam and the West.” Journal of Peace Research. 38(4): 459–472

Franklin, Mark, Thomas T. Mackie, Henry Valen, and Clive Bean. 1992. Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Freedom House. 2000. Freedom in the World 2000–2001. Available online at: www.freedomhouse.org

Freedom House. 2002. Freedom in the World 2002: The Democracy Gap. New York: Freedom House. Available online at: www.freedomhouse.org

Froese, Paul. 2001. “Hungary for religion: A supply-side interpretation of Hungarian religious revival.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40 (2): 251–268CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Froese, Paul, and Pfaff, S.. 2001. “Replete and desolate markets: Poland, East Germany, and the new religious paradigm.” Social Forces. 80(2): 481–507CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtuous and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: The Free Press

Fuller, Graham E. 2002. “The future of political Islam.” Foreign Affairs. 81(2): 48–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fuller, Robert C. 2002. Spiritual, but Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America. New York: Oxford University Press

Funkhouser, G. R. 2000. “A world ethos and the clash of civilizations: A cross-cultural comparison of attitudes.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 12(1): 73–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Furnham, A., et al. 1993. “A comparison of Protestant work-ethic beliefs in 13 nations.” Journal of Social Psychology. 133 (2): 185–197Google Scholar

Gallup International. 2000. Religion in the World at the End of the Millennium. Available online at: www.gallup.international.com

Gautier, M. L. 1997. “Church attendance and religious Belief in post-Communist societies.” Journal for The Scientific Study of Religion. 36(2): 289–296CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Giddens, Anthony. 1981. The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. 2nd ed. London: Hutchinson

Gill, Anthony James. 1998. Rendering unto Caesar: The Catholic Church and the State in Latin America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Gill, Anthony James. 1999. “Government regulation, social anomie and Protestant growth in Latin America – A cross-national analysis.” Rationality and Society. 11(3): 287–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gill, Anthony James, and Erik Lundsgaarde. 2005. “State Welfare Spending and Religiosity.” Rationality and Society (forthcoming)

Gill, R., et al. 1998. “Is religious belief declining in Britain?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 37(3): 507–516Google Scholar

Giner, S., and M. Archer. Eds. 1978. Contemporary Europe: Social Structures and Cultural Patterns. London: Routledge

Global Evangelization Movement. 2001. Status of Global Mission 2001. Available online at: www.gem-werc.org/

Greeley, Andrew M. 1980. Religious Change in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Greeley, Andrew M. 1985. Unsecular Man: The Persistence of Religion. New York: Schocken Books

Greeley, Andrew M. 1994. “A religious revival in Russia?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33(3): 253–272Google Scholar

Greeley, Andrew M. 1995. “The persistence of religion.” Cross Currents. 45(Spring): 24–41Google Scholar

Greeley, Andrew M. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers

Greenfield, Liah. 2001. The Spirit of Capitalism: Nationalism and Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Grier, R. 1997. “The effects of religion on economic development: A cross-national study of 63 former colonies.” Kyklos. 50(1): 47–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guiso, Luigi, Sapienza, Paola, and Zingales, Luigi. 2003. “People's opium? Religion and economic attitudes.” Journal of Monetary Economics. 50: 225–282CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gurr, Ted. 2000. Peoples versus States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute for Peace Press

Gustafsson, G. 1994. “Religious change in the five Scandinavian countries, 1930–1980.” In Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries. Eds. Thorleif Pettersson and Ole Riis. Upssala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis

Hadaway, Kirk, et al. 1993. “What the polls don't show: A closer look at church attendance.” American Sociological Review. 58(6): 741–752CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hadaway, Kirk, and Marler, P. L.. 1998. “Did you really go to church this week? Behind the poll data.” Christian Century. May 6: 472–475Google Scholar

Hadaway, Kirk, Marler, P. L., and Chaves, Mark. 1998. “Overreporting church attendance in America: Evidence that demands the same verdict.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 122–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hadden, J. K. 1987. “Toward desacralizing secularization theory.” Social Forces. 65(3): 587–611CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hagopian, Fran. 2000. “Political development, revisited.” Comparative Political Studies. 33(6/7): 880–911Google Scholar

Hall, Peter. 1999. “Social capital in Britain.” British Journal of Political Science. 29(3): 417–461CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, Peter. 2000. “Social Capital in Britain.” In The Dynamics of Social Capital. Ed. Robert D. Putnam. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Haller, M. 2002. “Theory and method in the comparative study of values: Critique and alternative to Inglehart.” European Sociological Review. 18(2): 139–158CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hallum, Anne Motley. 2002. “Looking for hope in Central America: The Pentecostal movement.” In Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective. Eds. Ted Gerard Jelen and Clyde Wilcox. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Halman, L., Pettersson, T., and Verweij, J.. 1999. “The religious factor in contemporary society – The differential impact of religion on the private and public sphere in comparative perspective.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 40(1): 141–160CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Halman, Loek, and Ole Reis. Eds. 2003. Religion in a Secularizing Society. Leiden: Brill

Hamilton, Malcolm. 1998. Sociology and the World's Religions. New York: St. Martins

Hamilton, Malcolm. Ed. 2001. The Sociology of Religion: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge

Hanley, David. Ed. 1996. Christian Democracy in Europe: A Comparative Perspective. New York: Pinter

Hanson, S. 1997. “The secularization thesis: Talking at cross purposes.” Journal of Contemporary Religion. 12: 159–179CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hartz, Louis. 1955. The Liberal Tradition in America. New York: Harcourt, Brace

Hawkins, Bradley K. 2002. Asian Religions. New York: Seven Bridges

Hayes, B. C. 2000. “Religious independents within Western industrialized nations: A socio-demographic profile.” Sociology of Religion. 61(2): 191–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hefner, R. W. 1998. “Multiple modernities: Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism in a globalizing age.” Annual Review of Anthropology. 27: 83–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henderson, R. A., and Tucker, R.. 2001. “Clear and present strangers: The clash of civilizations and international politics.” International Studies Quarterly. 45(2): 317–338CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hervieu-Leger, D. 2003. “The case for a sociology of ‘multiple religious modernities’: A different approach to the ‘invisible religion’ of European societies.” Social Compass. 50(3): 287–295CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hicks, Alexander. 1999. Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism: A Century of Income Security Policies. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press

Himmelfarb, Gertrude. 1999. One Nation: Two Cultures. New York: Random House

Hoffmann, J. P. 1998. “Confidence in religious institutions and secularization: Trends and implications.” Review of Religious Research. 39(4): 321–343CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Höllinger F. 1996. Volksreligion und Herrschaftskirche. Die Würzeln Religiösen Verhaltens in Westlichen Gesellschaften. Opladen: Leske und Budrich

Hout, Michael. 2001. “The decline of the mainline: Demography, doctrine and attachment.” American Journal of Sociology. 107: 468–500CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Greeley, Andrew M. 1987. “The center doesn't hold: Church attendance in the United States, 1940–1984.” American Sociological Review. 52(3): 325–345Google Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Greeley, Andrew M.. 1990. “The cohort doesn't hold: Comment on Chaves 1989.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 29(4): 519–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Greeley, Andrew M.. 1998. “What church officials' reports don't show: Another look at church attendance data.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 113–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Fischer, C. S.. 2002. “Why more Americans have no religious preference: Politics and generations.” American Sociological Review. 67(2): 165–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, Greeley, Andrew M., and Wilde, Melissa J.. 2001. “The demographic imperative in religious change in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology. 107(2): 468–500Google Scholar

Houtman, Dick, and Mascini, Peter. 2002. “Why do churches become empty, while New Age grows? Secularization and religious change in the Netherlands.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 41(3): 455–473CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huber, Jon, and Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. “Expert interpretations of party space and party locations in 42 societies.” Party Politics. 11: 71–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hunter, Shireen T. 1998. The Future of Islam and the West: Clash of Civilizations or Peaceful Coexistence? Westport, CT: Praeger

Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. “If not civilizations, what? Paradigms of the post-Cold War world.” Foreign Affairs. 72(5): 186–194CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P.. 1993. “The clash of civilizations?” Foreign Affairs. 72(3): 22–49Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P.. 1996. “The West unique, not universal.” Foreign Affairs. 75(6): 28–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P.. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster

Huntington, Samuel P.. 1997. “The clash of civilizations – response.” Millennium – Journal of International Studies. 26(1): 141–142CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hunwick, J. 1992. “An African case study of political Islam: Nigeria.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 143–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Husband, William B. 2000. “Godless Communists”: Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia, 1917–1932. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Press

Iannaccone, Laurence R. 1990. “Religious practice: A human capital approach.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 29: 297–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iannaccone, Laurence R.. 1991. “The consequences of religious market structure.” Rationality and Society. 3: 156–177CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iannaccone, Laurence R.. 1998. “Introduction to the economics of religion.” Journal of Economic Literature. 36(3): 1465–1496Google Scholar

Iannaccone, Lawrence R., and Finke, Roger. 1993. “Supply-side explanations for religious change.” The Annals. 527: 27–39Google Scholar

Immerman, Ronald S., and Mackey, Wade C.. 2003. “Religion and fertility.” Mankind Quarterly. 43(4): 377–403Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald. 1977. The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Inglehart, Ronald. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. “The trend toward Postmaterialist values continues.” In Citizen Politics in Post-Industrial Societies. Eds. Terry Clark and Michael Rempel. Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Inglehart, Ronald. 1999. “Trust, well-being and democracy.” In Democracy and Trust. Ed. Mark Warren. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Inglehart, Ronald. 2000. “Culture and democracy.” In Culture Matters. Eds. Samuel Huntington and Lawrence Harrison. New York: Basic Books

Inglehart, Ronald. 2000. “Globalization and postmodern values.” Washington Quarterly. 232: 215–228CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald. 2003. “How solid is mass support for democracy and how do we measure it?” PS: Political Science and Politics

Inglehart, Ronald, and Abramson, Paul. 1999. “Measuring post-materialism.” American Political Science Review. 93(3): 665–677CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Norris, Pippa. 2000. “The developmental theory of the gender gap: Women's and men's voting behavior in global perspective.” International Political Science Review. 214: 441–462CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Norris, Pippa. 2003. “Muslims and the West: A clash of civilizations?” Foreign Policy. March/April: 63–70Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Pippa Norris. 2003. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. New York and Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Inglehart, Ronald, and Baker, Wayne E.. 2000. “Modernization, globalization and the persistence of tradition: Empirical evidence from 65 societies.” American Sociological Review. 65: 19–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Baker, Wayne E.. 2001. “Modernization's challenge to traditional values: Who's afraid of Ronald McDonald?” Futurist. 35(2): 16–21Google Scholar

Inkeles, A., and David Smith. 1974. Becoming Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Ivekovic, I. 2002. “Nationalism and the political use and abuse of religion: The politicization of Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Islam in Yugoslav successor states.” Social Compass. 49(4): 523–536CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jagodzinski, Wolfgang, and Karel Dobbelaere. 1995. “Religious and ethical pluralism.” In The Impact of Values. Eds. Jan W. van Deth and Elinor Scarbrough. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Jagodzinski, Wolfgang, and Karel Dobbelaere. 1995. “Secularization and church religiosity.” In The Impact of Values. Eds. Jan W. van Deth and Elinor Scarbrough. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Jelen, Ted Gerard. 1987. “The effect of religious separatism on white Protestants in the 1984 presidential election.” Sociological Analysis. 48(1): 30–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jelen, Ted Gerard, and Clyde Wilcox. 1995. Public Attitudes towards Church and State. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe

Jelen, Ted Gerard, and Clyde, Wilcox. 1998. “Context and conscience: The Catholic Church as an agent of political socialization in Western Europe.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 37(1): 28–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jelen, Ted Gerard, and Clyde Wilcox. Eds. 2002. Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, the Few and the Many. New York: Cambridge University Press

Jensen, T., and Mikael Rothstein. Eds. 2000. Secular Theories on Religion: Current Perspectives. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press

Johnston, H. 1994. “Religio-Nationalist subcultures under the Communists: Comparisons from the Baltics, Transcaucasia and Ukraine.” In Politics and Religion in Central and Eastern Europe: Traditions and Transitions. Ed. W. H. Swatos, Jr. Westport, CT: Praeger

Johnstone, R. 1997. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Jones, Harold B. Jr. 1997. “The Protestant ethic: Weber's model and the empirical literature.” Human Relations 50(7): 757–778CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaariainen, K. 1999. “Religiousness in Russia after the collapse of communism.” Social Compass. 46 (1): 35–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kabuli, Niaz Faizi. 1994. Democracy according to Islam. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publications

Karawan, I. 1992. “Monarchs, mullahs and marshals: Islamic regimes?” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 103–119Google Scholar

Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. 2003. Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996–2002. Available online at: http://econ.worldbank.org/view.php?type=5&id=28791

Kazemi, F. 2000. “Gender, Islam and politics.” Social Research. 67(2): 453–474Google Scholar

Keely, Louise. 2003. “Comment on: People's opium? Religion and economic attitudes.” Journal of Monetary Economics. 50(1): 283–287CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelley, J., and DeGraaf, N. D.. 1997. “National context, parental socialization, and religious belief: Results from 15 nations.” American Sociological Review. 62(4): 639–659CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keslman, Thomas, and Joseph A. Buttigieg. Eds. 2003. European Christian Democracy: Historical Legacies and Comparative Perspectives. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press

Khan, S. 1998. “Muslim women: Negotiations in the third space.” Signs. 23(2): 463–494CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kim, A. E. 2002. “Characteristics of religious life in South Korea: A sociological survey.” Review of Religious Research. 43(4): 291–310CrossRefGoogle Scholar

King, Gary, and Murray, Christopher J. L.. 2001. “Rethinking Human Security.” Political Science Quarterly 116(4): 585–610CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kisala, Robert J. 2003. “Japanese religiosity and morals.” In Religion in a Secularizing Society. Eds. Loek Halman and Ole Reis. Leiden: Brill

Kitagawa, Joseph M. 1987. On Understanding Japanese Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Klingemann, Hans Dieter. 1999. “Mapping political support in the 1990s: A global analysis.” In Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance. Ed. Pippa Norris. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Kohut, Andrew, John C. Green, Scott Keeter, and Robert C. Toth. 2000. The Diminishing Divide: Religion's Changing Role in American Politics. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press

Kolodko, Grzegorz W. 2000. From Shock to Therapy: The Political Economy of Socialist Transformations. New York: Oxford University Press

Kotler-Berkowitz, L. A. 2001. “Religion and voting behaviour in Great Britain: A reassessment.” British Journal of Political Science. 31(3): 523–554CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kutz, Lester. 1995. Gods in the Global Village: The World's Religions in Sociological Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Ladd, Carl Everett. 1996. “The data just don't show erosion of America's social capital.” The Public Perspective 7(4)Google Scholar

Laeyendecker, L. 1995. “The case of the Netherlands.” In The Post-War Generation and Establishment Religion. W. C. Roof, J. W. Carroll, and D. A. Roozen. Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Lambert, Y. 1999. “Religion in modernity as a new axial age: Secularization or new religious forms?” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 303–333Google Scholar

Larson, E. J., and Witham, L.. 1998. “Leading scientists still reject God.” Nature. 394(6691): 313Google Scholar

Lavigne, Marie. 2001. The Economics of Transition: From Socialist Economy to Market Economy. London: Palgrave

Laznjak, J. 1997. “Traditional and new religiosity in post-communism: The changes in student religiosity 1990–1994.” Drustvena Istrazivanja. 6(1): 49–70Google Scholar

Lechner, F. J. 1991. “The case against secularization: A rebuttal.” Social Forces 69: 1103–1119CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lechner, F. J.. 1996. “Secularization in the Netherlands?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 35(3): 252–264Google Scholar

Leege, David, and Lyman A. Kellstedt. Eds. 1993. Rediscovering the Religious Factor in American Politics. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe

Lehman, Hartmut, and Guenther Roth. Eds. 1993. Weber's Protestant Ethic: Origins, Evidence, Contexts. New York: Cambridge University Press

Lemmen, M. M. W. 1990. Max Weber's Sociology of Religion: Its Method and Content in the Light of the Concept of Rationality. Heevlen, The Netherlands: GPT-Katernen 10

Lerner, Daniel. 1958. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. New York: The Free Press

Lessnoff, Michael H. 1994. The spirit of capitalism and the Protestant ethic: An enquiry into the Weber thesis. Aldershot, U.K.: Edward Elgar

Lewis, Bernard. 2002. What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response. New York: Oxford University Press

Lewis-Beck, Michael, and Andrew Skalaban. “France.” In Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries. Eds. Mark Franklin et al. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Lindsay, D. Michael. 2000. Surveying the Religious Landscape: Trends in U.S. Beliefs. New York: Moorhouse Publishing

Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1959. “Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy.” American Political Science Review. 53: 69–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1960. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Garden City, NY: Doubleday

Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1990. Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of Canada and the United States. New York: Routledge

Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Stein Rokkan. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments. New York: The Free Press

Lipset, Seymour Martin, Seong, Kyoung-Ryung, and Torres, John Charles. 1993. “A comparative analysis of the social requisites of democracy.” International Social Science Journal. 452: 154–175Google Scholar

Littleton, C. Scott. Ed. 1996. The Sacred East. London: Macmillan

Lopez, Donald S. 1999. Asian Religions in Practice: An Introduction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Lovenduski, Joni. 1986. Women and European Politics. Sussex, U.K.: Wheatsheaf

Luckmann, Thomas. 1967. The Invisible Religion: The Problem of Religion in Modern Society. New York: Macmillan

Madeley, John. 1991. “Politics and religion in Western Europe.” In Politics and Religion in the Modern World. Ed. George Moyser. London: Routledge

Mainwaring, Scott, and Timothy R. Scully. Eds. 2003. Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

Majid, A. 2000. “The politics of feminism in Islam.” Signs. 23(2): 321–361CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maloney, William L., Graham Smith, and Gerry Stoker. 2000. “Social capital and associational life.” In Social Capital: Critical Perspectives. Eds. Stephen Baron, John Field, and Tom Schuller. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Manza, Jeff, and Brooks, Clem. 1997. “The religious factor in U.S. presidential elections, 1960–1992.” American Journal of Sociology. 103(1): 38–81Google Scholar

Manza, Jeff, and Brooks, Clem. 1998. “The gender gap in U.S. presidential elections: When? Why? Implications?” American Journal of Sociology. 103(5): 1235–1266Google Scholar

Marshall, Monty, and Ted Robert Gurr. 2003. Peace and Conflict 2003. University of Maryland, Center for Systemic Peace/Minorities At Risk. Available online at: http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/pc03web.pdf

Marshall, Paul. 2000. Religious Freedom in the World. Available online at: www.freedomhouse.org

Marshall, Paul. Ed. 2000. Religious Freedom in the World: A Global Report on Freedom and Persecution. Nashville, TN: Broadman and Holman

Martin, David. 1967. A Sociology of English Religion. London: SCM Press

Martin, David. 1978. A General Theory of Secularization. Oxford: Blackwell

Marty, Martin, and R. Scott Appleby. Eds. 1991. Fundamentalisms Comprehended. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Marty, Martin, and R. Scott Appleby Eds. 1991. Fundamentalisms Observed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Marty, Martin, and R. Scott Appleby Eds. 1993. Fundamentalisms and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Marty, Martin, and R. Scott Appleby Eds. 1993. Fundamentalisms and the State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Marty, Martin, and R. Scott Appleby Eds. 1994. Accounting for Fundamentalisms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Mayer, Lawrence, and Roland E. Smith. 1985. “Feminism and Religiosity: Female Electoral Behavior in Western Europe.” In Women and Politics in Western Europe. Ed. Sylia Bashekin. London: Frank Cass

McAllister, Ian. 1988. “Religious change and secularization: The transmission of religious values in Australia.” Sociological Analysis. 49(3): 249–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McAllister, R. J. 2000. “Religious identity and the future of Northern Ireland.” Policy Studies Journal. 28(4): 843–857CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McCready, William, and Nancy McCready. 1973. “Socialization and the persistence of religion.” In The Persistence of Religion. Eds. Andrew Greeley and Gregory Baum. New York: Herder & Herder

McFate, Katherine, Roger Lawson, and William Julius Wilson. Eds. 1995. Poverty, Inequality, and the Future of Social Policy: Western States in the New World Order. New York: Russell Sage

McGillivray, Mark, and White, Howard. 1993. “Measuring development? The UNDP's Human Development Index.” Journal of International Development. 5(2): 183–192CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McKenzie, B. D. 2001. “Self-selection, church attendance, and local civic participation.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40(3): 479–488CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McPherson, J., and Smith-Lovin, Lynn. 1982. “Women and weak ties: Differences by sex in the size of voluntary organizations.” American Journal of Sociology. 87: 883–904CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McVeigh, R., and Sikkink, D.. 2001. “God, politics, and protest: Religious beliefs and the legitimation of contentious tactics.” Social Forces. 79(4): 1425–1458CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meadows, D., et al. 1972. The Limits to Growth. New York: Universe Books

Meriwether, Margaret L., and Judith E. Tucker. Eds. 2000. Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Meyer, K., Rizzo, H., and Ali, Y.. 1998. “Islam and the extension of citizenship rights to women in Kuwait.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 37(1): 131–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michelat, G., et al. 1991. Les Français, Sont-ils Encore Catholiques?: Analyse d'un Sondage d'Opinion. Paris: Editions du Cerf

Midlarsky, M. I. 1998. “Democracy and Islam: Implications for civilizational conflict and the democratic process.” International Studies Quarterly. 42(3): 485–511CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Alan S. 1992. “Conventional religious behavior in modern Japan: A service industry perspective.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 31: 207–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Alan S.. 1995. “A rational choice model for religious behavior in Japan.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 34: 234–244CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Alan S.. 1998. “Why Japanese religions look different: The social role of religious organizations in Japan.” Review of Religious Research. 39: 379–389CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Alan S.. 2000. “Going to hell in Asia: The relationship between risk and religion in a cross cultural setting.” Review of Religious Research. 42: 5–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Alan S., and Hoffmann, John P.. 1995. “Risk and religion: An explanation of gender differences in religiosity.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 34: 63–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Alan S., and Stark, Rodney. 2002. “Gender and religiousness: Can socialization explanations be saved?” American Journal of Sociology. 107(6): 1399–1423Google Scholar

Miller, Alan S., and Satoshi Kanazawa. 2000. Order by Accident: The Origins and Consequences of Conformity in Contemporary Japan. Boulder, CO: Westview

Miller, Alan S., and Nakamura, T. 1996. “On the stability of church attendance patterns: 1965–1988.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 35(3): 275–284Google Scholar

Miller, K. D. 2002. “Competitive strategies of religious organizations.” Strategic Management Journal. 23(5): 435–456CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, M. J., Woehr, D. J., and Hudspeth, N.. 2002. “The meaning and measurement of work ethic: Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional inventory.” Journal of Vocational Behavior. 60(3): 451–489CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, Thomas W., and Feinberg, Geoffrey. 2002. “Culture clash.” Public Perspective. 13(2): 6–9Google Scholar

Miller, Warren, and Merrill Shanks. 1996. The New American Voter. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press

Minkenberg, M. 2002. “Religion and public policy: Institutional, cultural, and political impact on the shaping of abortion policies in Western democracies.” Comparative Political Studies. 35(2): 221–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Minkenberg, M.. 2003. “The policy impact of church-state relations: Family policy and abortion in Britain, France, and Germany.” West European Politics. 26(1): 195–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mitchell, Paul, O'Leary, Brendan, and Evans, Geoffrey. 2001. “Northern Ireland: Flanking extremists bite the moderates and emerge in their clothes.” Parliamentary Affairs 54(4): 725–742CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moaddel, M. 2002. “The study of Islamic culture and politics: An overview and assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology. 28: 359–386CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moaddel, Mansoor, and Taghi Azadarmaki. 2003. “The worldview of Islamic publics: The cases of Egypt, Iran and Jordan.” In Culture and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys. Ed. Ronald Inglehart. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers

Moen, Matthew C., and Lowell Gustafson. Eds. The Religious Challenge to the State. Philadelphia: Temple University Press

Mol, Hans. 1985. The Faith of Australians. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin

Monsma, Steven V., and J. Chrisopher Soper. 1997. The Challenge of Pluralism: Church and State in Five Democracies. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield

Moore, Gwen. 1990. “Structural determinants of men's and women's personal networks.” American Sociological Review 55: 726–735CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moyser, George. Ed. 1991. Politics and Religion in the Modern World. London: Routledge

Mughan, Anthony. 1983. “Accommodation or diffusion in the management of ethnic conflict in Belgium.” Political Studies. 31: 431–451CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munck, Geraldo L., and Verkuilen, Jay. 2002. “Conceptualizing and measuring democracy – Evaluating alternative indices.” Comparative Political Studies. 35(1): 5–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Myers, S. M. 1996. “An interactive model of religiosity inheritance: The importance of family context.” American Sociological Review. 61(5): 858–866CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Naumkin, V. 1992. “Islam in the states of the Former USSR.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 131–142CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Need, Ariana, and Evans, Geoffrey. 2001. “Analysing patterns of religious participation in post-communist Eastern Europe.” British Journal of Sociology. 52(2): 229–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neitz, Mary Jo. 1990. “In goddess we trust.” In In Gods We Trust: New Patterns of Religious Pluralism in America. Ed. Thomas Robbins and Dick Anthony. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books

Newton, Kenneth. 2001. “Trust, social capital, civic society, and democracy.” International Political Science Review. 22(2): 201–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Newton, Kenneth, and Pippa Norris. 2000. “Confidence in public institutions: Faith, culture or performance?” In Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Eds. Susan Pharr and Robert Putnam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Nie, Norman, Sidney Verba, and John Petrocik. 1976. The Changing American Voter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Norris, Pippa. 1985. “Women in European legislative elites.” West European Politics. 84: 90–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norris, Pippa. 1988. “The gender gap: A cross national trend?” In The Politics of the Gender Gap. Ed. Carol Mueller. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage

Norris, Pippa. 1996. “Gender realignment in comparative perspective.” In The Paradox of Parties. Ed. Marian Simms. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin

Norris, Pippa. Ed. 1999. Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Norris, Pippa, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. 2000. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Norris, Pippa, Kern, Montague, and Just, Marion. 2001. “US Campaign 2000: Of pregnant chads, butterfly ballots and partisan vitriol.” Government and Opposition. January 35(2): 1–24Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. 2002. Democratic Phoenix: Political Activism Worldwide. New York and Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Norris, Pippa, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. 2003. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press

Norris, Pippa, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. 2003. “Gendering social capital? Bowling in women's leagues?” Conference on Gender and Social Capital, St. John's College, University of Manitoba, 2–3 May 2003

Norris, Pippa, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. Eds. 2003. Framing Terrorism. New York: Routledge

Norris, Pippa, and Inglehart, Ronald. 2001. “Cultural obstacles to equal representation.” The Journal of Democracy. 123: 126–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norris, Pippa, and Joni Lovenduski. 1995. Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Norton, A. R. 1997. “Gender, politics and the state: What do Middle Eastern women want?” Middle East Policy. 5(3): 155–165Google Scholar

Ntambue, R. 2000. “Secularism and religion in Africa: Sphere of humanization.” Social Compass. 47(3): 329–341Google Scholar

Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1993. The Rational Public. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Parker, Philip M. 1997. Religious Cultures of the World: A Statistical Reference. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press

Pedersen, Morgens. 1979. “The Dynamics of European Party Systems: Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility.” European Journal of Political Research. 7: 1–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Petersen, Larry R., and Donnenwerth, Gregory V.. 1998. “Religion and declining support for traditional beliefs and gender roles and homosexual rights.” Sociology of Religion. 59: 353–371CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pettersson, Thorleif, and Hamberg, E. M.. 1997. “Denominational pluralism and church membership in contemporary Sweden: A longitudinal study of the period, 1974–1995.” Journal of Empirical Theology. 10: 61–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 2002. “Americans Struggle with Religion's Role at Home and Abroad.” News Release by the Pew Forum on Religion

Polanyi, K. 1944. The Great Transformation. New York: Farrar and Rinehart

Pollack, D. 2003. “Religiousness inside and outside the church in selected post-Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Social Compass. 50(3): 321–334CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Presser, S., and Stinson, L. 1998. “Data collection mode and social desirability bias in self-reported religious attendance.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 137–145Google Scholar

Przeworski, Adam, Michael Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press

Przeworski, Adam, and Henry Teune. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley–Interscience

Pulzer, Peter, G. J. 1967. Political Representation and Elections in Britain. London: Allen & Unwin

Putnam, Robert D. 1995. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Putnam, Robert D. 1995. “Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America.” P.S.: Political Science and Politics. XXVIII (4): 664–683Google Scholar

Putnam, Robert D.. 1996. “The strange disappearance of civic America.” The American Prospect. 7(24): 50–64Google Scholar

Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster

Putnam, Robert D. Ed. 2002. The Dynamics of Social Capital. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Putnam, Robert D., and Susan Pharr. Eds. 2001. Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Putnam, Robert D. Ed. 2002. Democracies in Flux. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Reader, I. 1991. Religion in Contemporary Japan. London: Macmillan

Regan, D. 1993. “Islamic resurgence – Characteristics, causes, consequences and implications.” Journal of Political & Military Sociology. 21(2): 259–266Google Scholar

Riis, Ole. 1994. “Patterns of secularization in Scandinavia.” In Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries. Eds. Thorleif Pettersson and Ole Riis. Upssala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis

Riis, Ole. 1998. “Religion re-emerging: The role of religion in legitimating integration and power in modern societies.” International Sociology. 13(2): 249–272CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, K. A. 1990. Religion in Sociological Perspective. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

Rokkan, Stein. 1970. Citizens, Elections, Parties. Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Processes of Development. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget

Roof, Wade Clark. 2001. Spiritual Marketplace: Baby Boomers and the Remaking of American Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Rose, Richard. 1974. Electoral Behavior: A Comparative Handbook. New York: The Free Press

Rose, Richard. 2000. “Uses of social capital in Russia: Modern, pre-modern, and anti-modern.” Post-Soviet Affairs. 16(1): 33–57Google Scholar

Rose, Richard. 2002. “How Muslims view democracy: Evidence from Central Asia.” Journal of Democracy. 14(4): 102–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rose, Richard, Mishler, William, and Haerpfer, Christopher. 1997. “Social capital in civic and stressful societies.” Studies in Comparative International Development. 32(3): 85–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rose, Richard, and Urwin, Derek W.. 1970. “Persistence and change in Western party systems since 1945.” Political Studies. 18: 287–319CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen. 1995. Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan

Rostow, Walt Whitman. 1952. The Process of Economic Growth. New York: Norton

Rostow, Walt Whitman. 1960. The Stages of Economic Growth. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Rothstein, Bo. 2000. “Social capital in the social democratic state.” In Democracies in Flux. Ed. Robert D. Putnam. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Rotolo, Thomas. 1999. “Trends in voluntary association participation.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 28(2): 199–212CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rothstein, Bo, and Stolle, Dieter. 2003. “Introduction: Social capital in Scandinavia.” Scandinavian Political Studies. 26(1): 1–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Russett, B. M., O'Neal, J. R., and Cox, M.. 2000. “Clash of civilizations, or realism and liberalism déjà vu? Some evidence.” Journal of Peace Research. 37(5): 583–608CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Said, Edward. 2001. “A Clash of Ignorance.” The Nation. 273(12): 11–13Google Scholar

Saliba, T. 2000. “Arab feminism at the millennium.” Signs. 25(4): 1087–1092CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Samuelson, K. 1993. Religion and Economic Action: The Protestant Ethic, the Rise of Capitalism and the Abuses of Scholarship. Toronto: University of Toronto Press

Sasaki, M., and Suzuki, T. 1987. “Change in religious commitment in the United States, Holland, and Japan.” American Journal of Sociology. 92(5): 1055–1076Google Scholar

Scheepers, P., and Slik, F.. 1998. “Religion and attitudes on moral issues: Effects of individual, spouse and parental characteristics.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 37(4): 678–691CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., and Hello, E.. 2002. “Religiosity and prejudice against ethnic minorities in Europe: Cross-national tests on a controversial relationship.” Review of Religious Research. 43(3): 242–265CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scheepers, P., Grotenhuis, M. T., and Slik, F.. 2002. “Education, religiosity and moral attitudes: Explaining cross-national effect differences.” Sociology of Religion. 63(2): 157–176CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schoenfeld, Eugen, and Mestrovic, Stjepan G.. 1991. “With justice and mercy: Instrumental-masculine and expressive-feminine elements in religion.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 30: 363–380CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schudson, Michael. 1996. “What if civic life didn't die?” The American Prospect. 25: 17–20Google Scholar

Schumpeter, Joseph. 1947. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper Brothers

Scott, Jacqueline. 1998. “Generational changes in attitudes to abortion: A cross-national comparison.” European Sociological Review. 14(2): 177–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seltzer, Richard A., Jody Newman, and Melissa V. Leighton. 1997. Sex As a Political Variable. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner

Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books

Sengers, E. 2001. We Want Our Part! The Dutch Catholic Church from Sect to Church as Explanation for its Growth and Decline: A Rational Choice Perspective. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press

Shadid, Anthony. 2001. Legacy of the Prophet: Despots, Democrats, and the New Politics of Islam. Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Sharma, Arvind, and Katherine K. Young. Eds. 1999. Feminism and World Religions. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press

Sharot, Stephen. 2001. A Comparative Sociology of World Religions. New York: New York University Press

Sharot, Stephen. 2002. “Beyond Christianity: A critique of the rational choice theory of religion from a Weberian and comparative religions perspective.” Sociology of Religion. 63(4): 427–454CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sherkat, Darren E. 2002. “Sexuality and religious commitment in the United States: An empirical examination.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 41: 313–323CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sherkat, Darren E., and Ellison, Christopher G.. 1999. “Recent developments and current controversies in the sociology of religion.” Annual Review of Sociology. 25: 363–394CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shiner, L. 1966. “The concept of secularization in empirical research.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 6: 207–220CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Siaroff, A. 2000. “Women's representation in legislatures and cabinets in industrial democracies.” International Political Science Review. 21(2): 197–215CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sigelman, Lee. 1977. “Multi-nation surveys of religious beliefs.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 16: 289–294CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Skopol, Theda. 1996. “Unravelling from above.” The American Prospect. 25: 20–25Google Scholar

Smith, Christian. 1998. American Evangelicalism: Embattled and thriving. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Smith, Christian. 2003. The Secular Revolution. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Smith, Ian. 1993. “The economics of church decline in Scotland.” International Journal of Social Economics. 20(12): 27–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Ian, Sawkins, John W., and Seaman, Paul T.. 1998. “The economics of religious participation: A cross-country study.” Kyklos. 51(1): 25–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Tom. 1992. “Are conservative churches really growing?” Review of Religious Research. 33: 305–329Google Scholar

Snow, D. A., and Phillips, C. L.. 1980. “The Lofland-Stark conversion model: A critical reassessment.” Social Problems. 27: 430–437CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spier, F. 1996. The Structure of Big History. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

Stark, Rodney. 1997. “German and German American religiousness: Approximating a crucial experiment.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 36(2): 182–193CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stark, Rodney. 1999. “Secularization, RIP.” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 249–273CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stark, Rodney. 2002. “Physiology and faith: Addressing the ‘universal’ gender difference in religious commitment.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 41: 495–507CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stark, Rodney, and William Sims Bainbridge. 1985. The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Skopol, Theda. 1985. “A supply-side reinterpretation of the ‘secularization’ of Europe.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33: 230–252Google Scholar

Skopol, Theda. 1987. A Theory of Religion. New York: Peter Lang

Stark, Rodney, and Roger Finke. 2000. Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Stark, Rodney, and Iannaccone, Lawrence. 1994. “A supply-side reinterpretation of the ‘secularization’ of Europe.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33: 230–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Steensland, B, Park, J. Z., Regnerus, M. D., Robinson, L. D., Wilcox, W. B., and Woodberry, Robert D.. 2000. “The measure of American religion: Toward improving the state of the art.” Social Forces. 79(1): 291–318CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Steggarda, M. 1993. “Religion and the social positions of men and women.” Social Compass. 40: 65–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strassberg, Barbara. 1988. “Changes in religious culture in post World War II Poland.” Sociological Analysis. 48(4): 342–354CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strickler, J., and Danigelis, N. L.. 2002. “Changing frameworks in attitudes toward abortion.” Sociological Forum. 17(2): 187–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Suziedelis, Antanas, and Potvin, Raymond H.. 1981. “Sex differences in factors affecting religiousness among Catholic adolescents.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 20: 38–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Swatos, Jr. W. H. Ed. 1989. Religious Politics in Global and Comparative Perspective. New York: Greenwood Press

Swatos, Jr. W. H. Ed. 1994. Politics and Religion in Central and Eastern Europe: Traditions and Transitions. Westport, CT: Praeger

Swatos, W. H. Jr., and Christiano, K. J.. 1999. “Secularization theory: The course of a concept.” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 209–228CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Swedburg, R. 1998. Max Weber and the Idea of Economic Sociology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Takayama, K. 1988. “Revitalization movement of modern Japanese civil religion.” Sociological Analysis. 48(4): 328–341CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tanwir, Farooq. 2003. “Religious parties and politics in Pakistan.” International Journal of Comparative SociologyGoogle Scholar

Tawney, R. H. 1926. Religion and the Rise of Capitalism. New York: Harper & Row

Tessler, Mark. 2002. “Islam and democracy in the Middle East: The impact of religious orientations on attitudes towards democracy in four Arab Countries.” Comparative Politics. 34(1): 337–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tessler, Mark. 2003. “Do Islamic orientations influence attitudes toward democracy in the Arab world? Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Algeria.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 43(3–5): 229–249Google Scholar

Thompson, Edward H. 1991. “Beneath the status characteristic: Gender variations in religiousness.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 30: 381–394CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thornton, P. M. 2002. “Framing dissent in contemporary China: Irony, ambiguity and metonymy.” China Quarterly. 171: 661–681CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tilley, J. R. 2003. “Secularization and aging in Britain: Does family formation cause greater religiosity?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 42(2): 269–278Google Scholar

Tingsten, Herbert L. G. 1937. Political Behavior: Studies in Election Statistics. London: P. S. King

Tiryakian, Edward A. 1993. “American religious exceptionalism: A reconsideration.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 527: 40–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tomka, Miklós. 1998. “Coping with persecution: Religious change in communism and in post-communist reconstruction in Central Europe.” International Sociology. 13(2): 229–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Troyanovsky, I. Ed. 1991. Religion in the Soviet Republics. San Francisco: HarperCollins

Tschannen, O. 1991. “The secularization paradigm.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 30(1): 395–415CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turner, Bryan S. 1991. Religion and Social Theory. London: Sage

Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D.. 1974. “Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases.” Science. 185: 1124–1131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Uhlaner, Carole. 1989. “Rational turnout: The neglected role of groups.” American Journal of Political Science. 33: 390–422CrossRefGoogle Scholar

United Nations. 2000. The World's Women 2000: Trends and Statistics. New York: United Nations

United Nations. 2002. Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations/Oxford University Press

UNDP. 1995. UNDP Human Development Report 1995. New York: Oxford University Press/UNDP

United Nations Development Program. 1994. New Dimensions of Human Security. New York: Oxford University Press

United States Census Bureau. 2000. Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1999. Available online at: www.census.gov

Van Deth, Jan Willem. Ed. 1997. Private Groups and Public Life: Social Participation, Voluntary Associations and Political Involvement in Representative Democracies. London: Routledge

United Nations Development Program. 2000. “Interesting but irrelevant: Social capital and the saliency of politics in Western Europe.” European Journal of Political Research. 37:115–147CrossRef

van Deth, Jan Willem, and F. Kreuter. 1998. “Membership in voluntary associations.” In Comparative Politics: The Problem of Equivalence. Ed. Jan W. van Deth. London: Routledge

Verba, Sidney, and Norman Nie. 1972. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York: Harper & Row

Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Verba, Sidney, Norman Nie, and Jae-on Kim. 1978. Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-Nation Comparison. New York: Cambridge University Press

Vertigans, S., and Sutton, P.. 2001. “Back to the future: ‘Islamic terrorism’ and interpretations of past and present.” Sociological Research Online. 6(3): U55–U60Google Scholar

Verweij, J., Ester, Peter, and Nauta, R.. 1997. “Secularization as an economic and cultural phenomenon: A cross-national analysis.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 36(2): 309–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Voas, David, Olson, Daniel V. A., and Crockett, Alasdair. 2002. “Religious pluralism and participation: Why previous research is wrong.” American Sociological Review. 67(2): 212–230CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Voert, M.. 1997. “The Protestant ethic in the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands: Fiction or fact?” Netherlands Journal of Social Sciences. 33(1): 1–10Google Scholar

Voye, L. 1999. “Secularization in a context of advanced modernity.” Sociology of Religion. 603: 275–288CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wallis, R. 1988. “Paradoxes of freedom and regulation: The case of new religious movements in Britain and America.” Sociological Analysis. 48(4): 355–371CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Walter, Tony, and Davie, Grace. 1998. “The religiosity of women in the modern West.” British Journal of Sociology. 49: 640–660CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Warner, Carolyn M. 2000. Confessions of an Interest Group: The Catholic Church and Political Parties in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Warner, R. S. 1993. “Work in progress toward a new paradigm in the sociology of religion.” American Journal of Sociology. 98(5): 1044–1093CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weber, Max. 1930 [1904]. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. by T. Parsons. New York: Scribner's

Weber, Max. 1993 [1922]. The Sociology of Religion. Boston: Beacon Press

Welzel, Christopher, Inglehart, Ronald, and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter. 2003. “The theory of human development: A cross-cultural analysis.” European Journal of Political Research. 42(3): 341–379CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wilcox, Clyde. 1991. “The causes and consequences of feminist consciousness among Western European women.” Comparative Political Studies. 23(4): 519–545CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wilcox, Clyde. 1992. God's Warriors: The Christian Right in Twentieth Century America. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press

Wilcox, Clyde. 1996. Onward Christian Soldiers: The Religious Right in American Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview

Wilcox, Clyde, and Sigelman, Lee. 2001. “Political mobilization in the pews: Religious contacting and electoral turnout.” Social Science Quarterly. 82(3): 524–535CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wilson, Brian R. 1969. Religion in Secular Society. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, U.K.: Penguin Books, Ltd

Wilson, Graham K. 1998. Only in America? The Politics of the United States in Comparative Perspective. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House

Woodberry, R. D. 1996. The Missing Fifty Percent: Accounting for the Gap Between Survey Estimates and Head-Counts of Church Attendance. Nashville, TN: Society for the Scientific Study of Religion

Woodberry, R. D.. 1998. “When surveys lie and people tell the truth: How surveys over-sample church attenders.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 119–122CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Bank. 2001. World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, D.C.: World Bank

World Bank. 2002. World Development Report, 2002. Washington, D.C.: World Bank

Wuthnow, Robert. 1988. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith since World War II. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Wuthnow, Robert. 1994. Sharing the Journey: Support Groups and America's New Quest for Community. New York: The Free Press

Wuthnow, Robert. 1998. Loose Connections: Joining Together in America's Fragmented Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Wuthnow, Robert. 1999. “Mobilizing civic engagement: The changing impact of religious involvement.” In Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Eds. Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press

Wuthnow, Robert. 2002. “Religious involvement and status-bridging social capital.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 41(4): 669–675CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wuthnow, Robert, and John H. Evans. 2002. “The United States: Bridging the Privileged and the Marginalized?” In Democracies in Flux. Ed. Robert D. Putnam. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Wuthnow, Robert, and John H. Evans. Eds. 2002. The Quiet Hand of God. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Yamane, D. 1997. “Secularization on trial: In defense of a neosecularization paradigm.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 36(1): 109–122CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zrinscak, S. 2002. “Roles, expectation and conflicts: Religion and churches in societies undergoing transition.” Social Compass. 49(4): 509–521Google Scholar

Zubaida, S. 1995. “Is there a Muslim society? Ernest Gellner's sociology of Islam.” Economy and Society. 24(2): 151–188CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aarts, Kees. 1995. “Intermediate organizations and interest representation.” In Citizens and the State. Eds. Hans-Dieter Klingemann and Dieter Fuchs. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Abela, Anthony M. 1993. “Post-secularisation: The social significance of religious values in four Catholic European countries.” Melita Theolgica. XⅬIV: 39–58Google Scholar

Abramson, Paul R., and Ronald Inglehart. 1995. Value Change in Global Perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press

Abu-Lughod, Lila. Ed. 1998. Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Acquaviva, Sabino Samele. 1979. The Decline of the Sacred in Industrial Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell

Addi, L. 1992. “Islamicist utopia and democracy.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 120–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Akhavi, S. 1992. “The clergy's concepts of rule in Egypt and Iran.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 92–102CrossRefGoogle Scholar

al-Braizat, Fares. 2003. “Muslims and democracy: An empirical critique of Fukuyama's culturalist approach.” International Journal of Comparative SociologyGoogle Scholar

Aldridge, Alan. 2000. Religion in the Contemporary World: A Sociological Introduction. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press

Alesina, Alberto, Devleeschauwer, Arnaud, Easterly, William, Kurlat, Sergio, and Wacziarg, Romain. 2003. “Fractionalization.” Journal of Economic Growth. 82: 219–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alex-Assensoh, Y., and Assensoh, A. B.. 2001. “Inner-city contexts, church attendance, and African-American political participation.” Journal of Politics. 63(3): 886–901CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alford, Robert R. 1967. “Class voting in the Anglo-American political systems.” In Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross National Perspectives. Eds. Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan. New York: The Free Press

Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Anderson, John. 1994. Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States. New York: Cambridge University Press

Arat, Y. 2000. “Feminists, Islamists, and political change in Turkey.” Political Psychology. 19(1): 117–131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Argue, Amy, Johnson, David R., and White, Lynn K.. 1999. “Age and religiosity: Evidence from a three-wave panel analysis.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 38(3): 423–435CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Argyle M., and Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi. 1975. The Social Psychology of Religion. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul

Arisi, E. 2003. “Changing attitudes towards abortion in Europe.” European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 8(2): 109–121CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Asghar, Ali Engineer. Ed. 2001. Islam, Women and Gender Justice. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House

Ashford, Sheena, and Noel Timms. 1992. What Europe Thinks: A Study of Western European Values. Aldershot, U.K.: Dartmouth

Åsland, Anders. 2002. Building Capitalism: The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Ayubi, N. 1992. “State Islam and communal plurality.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 79–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Azzi, Corry, and Ehrenberg, Ronald. 1975. “Household allocation of time and church attendance.” Journal of Political Economy. 83: 27–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bainbridge, William Simms. 1997. The Sociology of Religious Movements. New York: Routledge

Baril, Alain, and Mori, George A.. 1991. “Leaving the fold: Declining church attendance.” Canadian Social Trends. Autumn: 21–24Google Scholar

Barker, D. C., and Carman, C. J.. 2000. “The spirit of capitalism? Religious doctrine, values, and economic attitude constructs.” Political Behavior. 22(1): 1–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barker, E., J. Beckford, and Karel Dobbelaere. Eds. 1993. Secularization, Rationalism, and Sectarianism: Essays in Honour of Bryan R. Wilson. New York: Oxford University Press

Barnes, Samuel, and Max Kaase. 1979. Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Baron, Stephen, John Field, and Tom Schuller. Eds. 2000. Social Capital: Critical Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Barrett, David B. Ed. 1982. World Christian Encyclopedia. Nairobi: Oxford University Press

Barrett, David B., and Todd M. Johnson. 2001. World Christian Trends AD 30–2200. Pasedena, CA: William Carey Library

Barrett, David B., George T. Kurian, and Todd M. Johnson. Eds. 2001. World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Barrett, David V. 1996. Sects, “Cults,” and Alternative Religions: A World Survey and Sourcebook. London: Blandford

Barro, Robert J., and Rachel M. McCleary. 2003. “Religion and economic growth.” Unpublished paper. Available online at: http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/barro/papers/

Bartolini, Stephano, and Peter Mair. 1990. Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: The Stabilization of European Electorates, 1885–1985. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Becker, P. E., and Dhingra, P. H.. 2001. “Religious involvement and volunteering: Implications for civil society.” Sociology of Religion. 62:315–336CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. 1997. The Psychology of Religious Behavior, Belief and Experience. New York: Routledge

Bell, Daniel. 1973. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books

Bensen, Peter L., Donahue, Michael J., and Erickson, Joseph A.. 1989. “Adolescence and religion: A review of the literature from 1970–1986.” Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion. 1:153–181Google Scholar

Berger, Peter L. 1967. The Sacred Canopy. Garden City, NY: Doubleday

Berger, Peter L.. 1979. The Heretical Imperative: Contemporary Possibilities of Religious Affirmation. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books

Berger, Peter L.. Ed. 1999. The Desecularization of the World. Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center

Berkovitch, N., and Moghadam, V. M.. 1999. “Middle East politics and women's collective action: Challenging the status quo.” Social Politics. 6(3): 273–291CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyer, P. 1997. “Religious vitality in Canada: The complementarity of religious market and secularization perspectives.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 36(2): 272–288CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyer, P.. “Secularization from the perspective of globalization: A response to Dobbelaere.” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 289–301

Bibby, Reginald W. 1979. “The state of collective religiosity in Canada: An empirical analysis.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. 16(1): 105–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blancarte, R. J. 2000. “Popular religion, Catholicism and socioreligious dissent in Latin America – Facing the modernity paradigm.” International Sociology. 15(4): 591–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blondel, Jean. 1970. Votes, Parties and Leaders. London: Penguin

Blum, U., and Dudley, L.. 2001. “Religion and economic growth: Was Weber right?” Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 11(2): 207–230Google Scholar

Bociurkie, B. R., and J. W. Strong. Eds. 1975. Religion and Atheism in the USSR and Eastern Europe. London: Macmillan

Bok, Derek. 1996. The State of the Nation: Government and the Quest for a Better Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Borowik, Irena. 2002. “Between orthodoxy and eclecticism: On the religious transformations of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.” Social Compass. 49(4): 497–508CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Borowik, Irena. 2002. “The Roman Catholic Church in the process of democratic transformation: The case of Poland.” Social Compass. 49(2): 239–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1970. Reproduction in Education, Culture and Society. London: Sage

Boyle, Kevin, and Juliet Sheen. Eds. 1997. Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report. New York: Routledge

Bradley, David, Huber, Evelyn, Moller, Stephanie, Nielsen, Francois, and Stephens, John D.. 2003. “Distribution and redistribution in postindustrial democracies.” World Politics 55(1): 193–228CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brechon, Pierre. 1997. Religions et politique en Europe. Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques

Brehm, J., and Rahn, Wendy. 1997. “Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital.” American Journal of Political Science. 41: 999–1024CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bromley, David G., and Jeffrey K. Hadden. Eds. 1993. The Handbook of Cults and Sects in America. Greenwich, CT, and London: Association for the Sociology of Religion and JAI Press

Brooks, C., and Manza, Jeff. 1997. “Social cleavages and political alignments: U.S. presidential elections, 1960 to 1992.” American Sociological Review. 62(6): 937–946CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brooks, C., and Manza, Jeff. 1997. “The religious factor in U.S. presidential elections, 1960–1992.” American Journal of Sociology. 103(1): 38–81Google Scholar

Broughton, David, and Hans-Martien ten Napel. Eds. 2000. Religion and Mass Electoral Behavior in Europe. London: Routledge

Bruce, Steve. 1992. Religion and Modernization: Sociologists and Historians Debate the Secularization Thesis. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Bruce, Steve. 1995. “The truth about religion in Britain.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 34(4): 417–430CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bruce, Steve. 1996. Religion in the Modern World: From Cathedrals to Cults. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bruce, Steve. 2000. “The supply-side model of religion: The Nordic and Baltic states.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 39(1): 32–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bruce, Steve. 2002. God is Dead: Secularization in the West. Oxford: Blackwell

Bryant, J. M. 2000. “Cost-benefit accounting and the piety business: Is homo religious, at bottom, a homo economicus?” Methods and Theory in the Study of Religion. 12: 520–548Google Scholar

Buncak, J. 2001. “Religiosity in Slovakia and its European context.” Sociologia. 33(1): 47–69Google Scholar

Burn, Shawn Meghan. 2000. Women across Cultures: A Global Perspective. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub

Burns, Nancy, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Sidney Verba. 2001. The Private Roots of Public Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Butler, David, and Donald E. Stokes. 1974. Political Change in Britain: The Evolution of Electoral Choice. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan

Campbell, Angus, Philip Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley

Campbell, Robert A., and Curtis, James E.. 1994. “Religious involvement across societies: Analysis for alternative measures in national surveys.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33(3): 215–229CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Robert A., and Curtis, James E.. 1996. “The public's views on the future of religion and science: Cross-national survey results.” Review of Religious Research. 37(3): 260–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caplow, T. 1998. “The case of the phantom Episcopalians.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 112–113CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carone, D. A., and Barone, D. F.. 2001. “A social cognitive perspective on religious beliefs: Their functions and impact on coping and psychotherapy.” Clinical Psychology Review. 21(7): 989–1003CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carroll, Jackson W., Barbara Hargrove, and Adair Lummis. 1983. Women of the Cloth. San Francisco: Harper & Row

Casanova, Jose. 1994. Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Cassel, C. A. 1999. “Voluntary associations, churches, and social participation theories of turnout.” Social Science Quarterly. 80(3): 504–517Google Scholar

Castles, Francis G. 1994. “On religion and public policy: Does Catholicism make a difference?” European Journal of Political Research. 25(1): 19–40Google Scholar

Cesareo, V., et al. 1995. La Religiosità in Italia. 2nd ed. Milan: A. Mondadori

Chalcraft, David J., and Austin Harrington. 2001. The Protestant Ethic Debate: Max Weber Replies to His Critics, 1907–1910. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press

Chalfant, H. Paul, Robert E. Beckley, and C. Eddie Palmer. 1994. Religion in Contemporary Society. Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock

Chaves, Mark. 1989. “Secularization and religious revival: Evidence from U.S. church attendance rates, 1972–1986.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 28: 464–477CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaves, Mark. 1999. “The National Congregations Study: Background, Methods and Selected Results.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 38(4): 458–476CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaves, Mark, and Cann, David E.. 1992. “Regulation, pluralism and religious market structure.” Rationality and Society. 4: 272–290CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaves, Mark, and Gorski, Philip S.. 2001. “Religious pluralism and religious participation.” Annual Review of Sociology. 27: 261–281CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chirot, D. 2001. “A clash of civilizations or of paradigms? Theorizing progress and social change.” International Sociology. 16(3): 341–360CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Church of England, The. The Year in Review, 2001–2002. Available online at: http://www.cofe.anglican.org/COE2002version2.pdf

CIA. The World Factbook, 2002. Available online at: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/

Cimino, Richard, and Don Lattin. 2002. Shopping for Faith: American Religion in the New Millennium. New York: Jossey-Bass

Cipriani, R. 1994. “Religiosity, religious secularism and secular religions.” International Social Science Journal. 46(2): 277–284Google Scholar

Clubb, Jerome M., William H. Flanigan, and Nancy H. Zingale. 1990. Partisan Realignment: Voters, Parties and Government in American History. Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social capital in the creation of human capital.” American Journal of Sociology. 94: 95–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Belknap

Conover, Pamela Johnston. 1988. “Feminists and the gender gap.” Journal of Politics. 50: 985–1010CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Conquest, Robert. Ed. 1968. Religion in the U.S.S.R. New York: Praeger

Conway, Margaret, Gertrude A. Steuernagel, and David Ahern. 1997. Women and Political Participation. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press

Crewe, Ivor, Alt, Jim, and Sarlvik, Bo. 1977. “Partisan dealignment in Britain 1964–1974.” British Journal of Political Science. 7: 129–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crewe, Ivor, and D. T. Denver. Eds. 1985. Electoral Change in Western Democracies: Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility. New York: St. Martin's Press

Currie, R., A. D. Gilbert, and L. Horsley. 1977. Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles since 1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Curtis, J. E., Baer, D. E., and Grabb, E. G.. 2001. “Nations of joiners: Explaining voluntary association membership in democratic societies.” American Sociological Review. 66(6): 783–805CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dahrendorf, Ralph. 1959. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

Dalton, Russell J. 1999. “Political support in advanced industrialized democracies.” In Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance. Ed. Pippa Norris. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Currie, R., A. D. Gilbert, and L. Horsley. 2002. Citizen Politics. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House

Dalton, Russell J., Scott C. Flanagan, and Paul A. Beck. Eds. 1984. Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Dasgupta, Partha, and Ismail Serageldin. Eds. 2000. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank

Davie, Grace. 1994. Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging. Oxford: Blackwell

Davis, N. J., and Robinson, R. V.. 1999. “Their brothers' keepers? Orthodox religionists, modernists, and economic justice in Europe.” American Journal of Sociology. 104(6): 1631–1665Google Scholar

Graaf, N. D. 1999. “Event history data and making a history out of cross-sectional data – How to answer the question ‘Why cohorts differ?’” Quality & Quantity. 33(3): 261–276Google Scholar

Vaus, David A. 1984. “Workforce participation and sex differences in church attendance.” Review of Religious Research. 25: 247–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vaus, David A., and McAllister, Ian. 1987. “Gender differences in religion: A test of the structural location theory.” American Sociological Review. 52: 472–481CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Deeb, M. J. 1992. “Militant Islam and the politics of redemption.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 524: 52–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dekker, G., J. de Hart, and J. Peters. 1997. God in Nederland 1966–1996. Amsterdam: Anthos

Dekker, Paul, and Ester, Peter. 1996. “Depillarization, deconfessionalization, and de-ideologization: Empirical trends in Dutch society 1958–1992.” Review of Religious Research. 37(4): 325–341CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dhruvarajan, Vanaja. 1988. “Religious ideology and interpersonal relationships within the family.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 19: 273–285Google Scholar

Diotallevi, Luca. 2002. “Internal competition in a national religious monopoly: The Catholic effect and the Italian case.” Sociology of Religion. 63(2): 137–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Djupe, P. A., and Grant, J. T.. 2001. “Religious institutions and political participation in America.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40(2): 303–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1981. “Secularization: A multidimensional concept.” Current Sociology. 29(2): 1–21Google Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1985. “Secularization theories and sociological paradigms: A reformulation of the private-public dichotomy and the problem of social integration.” Sociological Analysis. 46: 377–387CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1987. “Some trends in European sociology of religion: The secularization debate.” Sociological Analysis. 48: 107–137CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1993. “Church involvement and secularization: Making sense of the European case.” In Secularization, Rationalism and Sectarianism. Eds. E. Barker, J. A. Beckford, and Karel Dobbelaere. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1995. “Religion in Europe and North America.” In Values in Western Societies. Ed. Ruud de Moor. Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University Press

Dobbelaere, Karel. 1999. “Towards an integrated perspective of the processes related to the descriptive concept of secularization.” Sociology of Religion. 60(3): 229–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbelaere, Karel, and Wolfgang Jagodzinski. 1995. “Religious cognitions and beliefs.” In The Impact of Values. Eds. Jan W. van Deth and Elinor Scarbrough. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Dogan, Mattei, and Richard Rose. Eds. 1971. European Politics: A Reader. London: Macmillan

Douglas, Ann. 1977. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Knopf

Durant, Henry W. 1949. Political Opinion. London: Allen and Unwin

Durant, Henry W. 1969. “Voting behavior in Britain 1945–1966.” In Studies in British Politics. Ed. Richard Rose. London: Macmillan

Durkheim, Émile. 1984 [1893]. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: The Free Press. Trans. W. D. Haus

Durkheim, Émile. 1995 [1912]. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: The Free Press. Trans. Karen E. Fields

Duverger, Maurice. 1955. The Political Role of Women. Paris: UNESCO

Ebaugh, Helen Rose, Lorence, Jon, and Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. 1996. “The growth and decline of the population of Catholic nuns cross-nationally, 1960–1990: A case of secularization as social structural change.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 35: 171–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eisenstadt, S. Comparative Perspectives in Social Change. Boston: Little, Brown

Esmer, Yilmaz. 2003. “Is there an Islamic civilization?” In Culture and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys. Ed. Ronald Inglehart. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers

Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Esposito, John. Ed. 1997. Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform? Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner

Esposito, John L., and John O. Voll. 1996. Democracy and Islam. New York: Oxford University Press

Evans, J. H. 2002. “Polarization in abortion attitudes in U.S. religious traditions, 1972–1998.” Sociological Forum 17(3): 397–422CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farrell, David, and Rudiger Schmitt-Beck. Eds. 2002. Do Political Campaigns Matter? London: Routledge

Ferraro, Kenneth F., and Kelley-Moore, Jessica A.. 2000. “Religious consolation among men and women: Do health problems spur seeing?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 39: 220–234Google Scholar

Fichter, Joseph H. 1952. “The profile of Catholic religious life.” American Journal of Sociology. 58: 145–149CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finke, Roger. 1992. “An unsecular America.” In Religion and Modernization. Ed. Steve Bruce. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Finke, Roger, and Iannaccone, Lawrence R.. 1993. “The illusion of shifting demand: Supply-side explanations for trends and change in the American religious market place.” Annals of the American Association of Political and Social Science. 527: 27–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finke, Roger, and Rodney Stark. 1992. The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press

Finke, Roger, and Rodney Stark. 2000. Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Firebaugh, Glenn. 1992. “Where does social change come from? Estimating the relative contributions of individual change and population turnover.” Population Research and Policy Review. 11: 1–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flere, S. 2001. “The impact of religiosity upon political stands: Survey findings from seven central European countries.” East European Quarterly. 35(2): 183–199Google Scholar

Fox, J. 1999. “The influence of religious legitimacy on grievance formation by ethno-religious minorities.” Journal of Peace Research. 36(3): 289–307CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fox, J.. “Two civilizations and ethnic conflict: Islam and the West.” Journal of Peace Research. 38(4): 459–472

Franklin, Mark, Thomas T. Mackie, Henry Valen, and Clive Bean. 1992. Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Freedom House. 2000. Freedom in the World 2000–2001. Available online at: www.freedomhouse.org

Freedom House. 2002. Freedom in the World 2002: The Democracy Gap. New York: Freedom House. Available online at: www.freedomhouse.org

Froese, Paul. 2001. “Hungary for religion: A supply-side interpretation of Hungarian religious revival.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40 (2): 251–268CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Froese, Paul, and Pfaff, S.. 2001. “Replete and desolate markets: Poland, East Germany, and the new religious paradigm.” Social Forces. 80(2): 481–507CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtuous and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: The Free Press

Fuller, Graham E. 2002. “The future of political Islam.” Foreign Affairs. 81(2): 48–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fuller, Robert C. 2002. Spiritual, but Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America. New York: Oxford University Press

Funkhouser, G. R. 2000. “A world ethos and the clash of civilizations: A cross-cultural comparison of attitudes.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 12(1): 73–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Furnham, A., et al. 1993. “A comparison of Protestant work-ethic beliefs in 13 nations.” Journal of Social Psychology. 133 (2): 185–197Google Scholar

Gallup International. 2000. Religion in the World at the End of the Millennium. Available online at: www.gallup.international.com

Gautier, M. L. 1997. “Church attendance and religious Belief in post-Communist societies.” Journal for The Scientific Study of Religion. 36(2): 289–296CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Giddens, Anthony. 1981. The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. 2nd ed. London: Hutchinson

Gill, Anthony James. 1998. Rendering unto Caesar: The Catholic Church and the State in Latin America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Gill, Anthony James. 1999. “Government regulation, social anomie and Protestant growth in Latin America – A cross-national analysis.” Rationality and Society. 11(3): 287–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gill, Anthony James, and Erik Lundsgaarde. 2005. “State Welfare Spending and Religiosity.” Rationality and Society (forthcoming)

Gill, R., et al. 1998. “Is religious belief declining in Britain?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 37(3): 507–516Google Scholar

Giner, S., and M. Archer. Eds. 1978. Contemporary Europe: Social Structures and Cultural Patterns. London: Routledge

Global Evangelization Movement. 2001. Status of Global Mission 2001. Available online at: www.gem-werc.org/

Greeley, Andrew M. 1980. Religious Change in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Greeley, Andrew M. 1985. Unsecular Man: The Persistence of Religion. New York: Schocken Books

Greeley, Andrew M. 1994. “A religious revival in Russia?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33(3): 253–272Google Scholar

Greeley, Andrew M. 1995. “The persistence of religion.” Cross Currents. 45(Spring): 24–41Google Scholar

Greeley, Andrew M. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers

Greenfield, Liah. 2001. The Spirit of Capitalism: Nationalism and Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Grier, R. 1997. “The effects of religion on economic development: A cross-national study of 63 former colonies.” Kyklos. 50(1): 47–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guiso, Luigi, Sapienza, Paola, and Zingales, Luigi. 2003. “People's opium? Religion and economic attitudes.” Journal of Monetary Economics. 50: 225–282CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gurr, Ted. 2000. Peoples versus States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute for Peace Press

Gustafsson, G. 1994. “Religious change in the five Scandinavian countries, 1930–1980.” In Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries. Eds. Thorleif Pettersson and Ole Riis. Upssala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis

Hadaway, Kirk, et al. 1993. “What the polls don't show: A closer look at church attendance.” American Sociological Review. 58(6): 741–752CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hadaway, Kirk, and Marler, P. L.. 1998. “Did you really go to church this week? Behind the poll data.” Christian Century. May 6: 472–475Google Scholar

Hadaway, Kirk, Marler, P. L., and Chaves, Mark. 1998. “Overreporting church attendance in America: Evidence that demands the same verdict.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 122–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hadden, J. K. 1987. “Toward desacralizing secularization theory.” Social Forces. 65(3): 587–611CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hagopian, Fran. 2000. “Political development, revisited.” Comparative Political Studies. 33(6/7): 880–911Google Scholar

Hall, Peter. 1999. “Social capital in Britain.” British Journal of Political Science. 29(3): 417–461CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, Peter. 2000. “Social Capital in Britain.” In The Dynamics of Social Capital. Ed. Robert D. Putnam. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Haller, M. 2002. “Theory and method in the comparative study of values: Critique and alternative to Inglehart.” European Sociological Review. 18(2): 139–158CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hallum, Anne Motley. 2002. “Looking for hope in Central America: The Pentecostal movement.” In Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective. Eds. Ted Gerard Jelen and Clyde Wilcox. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press

Halman, L., Pettersson, T., and Verweij, J.. 1999. “The religious factor in contemporary society – The differential impact of religion on the private and public sphere in comparative perspective.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 40(1): 141–160CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Halman, Loek, and Ole Reis. Eds. 2003. Religion in a Secularizing Society. Leiden: Brill

Hamilton, Malcolm. 1998. Sociology and the World's Religions. New York: St. Martins

Hamilton, Malcolm. Ed. 2001. The Sociology of Religion: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge

Hanley, David. Ed. 1996. Christian Democracy in Europe: A Comparative Perspective. New York: Pinter

Hanson, S. 1997. “The secularization thesis: Talking at cross purposes.” Journal of Contemporary Religion. 12: 159–179CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hartz, Louis. 1955. The Liberal Tradition in America. New York: Harcourt, Brace

Hawkins, Bradley K. 2002. Asian Religions. New York: Seven Bridges

Hayes, B. C. 2000. “Religious independents within Western industrialized nations: A socio-demographic profile.” Sociology of Religion. 61(2): 191–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hefner, R. W. 1998. “Multiple modernities: Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism in a globalizing age.” Annual Review of Anthropology. 27: 83–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henderson, R. A., and Tucker, R.. 2001. “Clear and present strangers: The clash of civilizations and international politics.” International Studies Quarterly. 45(2): 317–338CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hervieu-Leger, D. 2003. “The case for a sociology of ‘multiple religious modernities’: A different approach to the ‘invisible religion’ of European societies.” Social Compass. 50(3): 287–295CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hicks, Alexander. 1999. Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism: A Century of Income Security Policies. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press

Himmelfarb, Gertrude. 1999. One Nation: Two Cultures. New York: Random House

Hoffmann, J. P. 1998. “Confidence in religious institutions and secularization: Trends and implications.” Review of Religious Research. 39(4): 321–343CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Höllinger F. 1996. Volksreligion und Herrschaftskirche. Die Würzeln Religiösen Verhaltens in Westlichen Gesellschaften. Opladen: Leske und Budrich

Hout, Michael. 2001. “The decline of the mainline: Demography, doctrine and attachment.” American Journal of Sociology. 107: 468–500CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Greeley, Andrew M. 1987. “The center doesn't hold: Church attendance in the United States, 1940–1984.” American Sociological Review. 52(3): 325–345Google Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Greeley, Andrew M.. 1990. “The cohort doesn't hold: Comment on Chaves 1989.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 29(4): 519–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Greeley, Andrew M.. 1998. “What church officials' reports don't show: Another look at church attendance data.” American Sociological Review. 63(1): 113–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, and Fischer, C. S.. 2002. “Why more Americans have no religious preference: Politics and generations.” American Sociological Review. 67(2): 165–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hout, Michael, Greeley, Andrew M., and Wilde, Melissa J.. 2001. “The demographic imperative in religious change in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology. 107(2): 468–500Google Scholar

Houtman, Dick, and Mascini, Peter. 2002. “Why do churches become empty, while New Age grows? Secularization and religious change in the Netherlands.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 41(3): 455–473CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huber, Jon, and Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. “Expert interpretations of party space and party locations in 42 societies.” Party Politics. 11: 71–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar