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Chapter 11 - Sea-level changes in time to do with the solid Earth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2014

David Pugh  and
Philip Woodworth
David Pugh
Affiliation:
National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool
Philip Woodworth
Affiliation:
National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool
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Summary

Whatever motion appears in the firmament arises not from any motion of the firmament, but from the earth’s motion.

Nicolaus Copernicus, The Commentariolus

Introduction

Mean sea level (MSL) records contain many examples of relative sea level being affected by geology as much as by the oceanography and climate discussed in the previous chapter. Figure 11.1 shows three examples; many more can be found in the scientific literature [1]. Unlike the sea-level rise experienced during the twentieth century at most locations around the world, the MSL record at Stockholm in Sweden shows a sea-level fall of approximately 4 mm/yr, which is a consequence of the land on which the tide gauge is situated experiencing a high rate of crustal uplift due to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) [2, 3]. The record from Nezugaseki shows an example of a near-instantaneous change of MSL of about 20 cm due to the 1964 Niigata earthquake off the west coast of Japan [4]. Both of these examples are due to natural processes in the solid Earth. The third example is of a change in land level (and so relative sea level) due to an anthropogenic process, in this case groundwater pumping under Bangkok, Thailand [5]. Any analyst of MSL records will be aware of such large signals. However, the possibility of other, smaller and more subtle, signals in the data set cannot be excluded, and anyone who uses the records primarily for ocean or climate research must always be aware of them.

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Sea-Level Science
Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes
 , pp. 296 - 317
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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