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Chapter 8 - Tsunamis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2014

David Pugh  and
Philip Woodworth
David Pugh
Affiliation:
National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool
Philip Woodworth
Affiliation:
National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool
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Summary

  1. Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

  2. The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

  3. The ceremony of innocence is drowned.

  4. W. B.Yeats, The Second Coming

Introduction

In the past few years, two giant tsunamis caused by undersea earthquakes have caused major loss of life and damage to coastal infrastructure. On 26 December 2004, a moment magnitude (Mw) 9.3 megathrust earthquake, the third largest on record, took place along 1600 km of the subduction zone from Sumatra to the Andaman Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean [1, 2]. The resulting tsunami waves caused enormous damage, particularly in Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and killed more than 230,000 people (Figure 8.1) [3, 4]. On 11 March 2011, the Tōhoku (or Sendai) Mw = 9.0 megathrust earthquake, the fourth largest on record, occurred 130 km off the east coast of Japan leaving some 20,000 people dead and tremendous destruction of coastal infrastructure (Figure 8.2), including a major nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant [5]. These two catastrophic events have had many important consequences including, it will be seen, within sea-level research.

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Sea-Level Science
Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes
 , pp. 189 - 222
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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