Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T13:19:23.351Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Radiation: A Guide for the Perplexed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2017

Scott L. Montgomery
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Thomas Graham, Jr
Affiliation:
Lightbridge Corporation
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Statistics (Internet). Available from: https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics.htmlGoogle Scholar
US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission), Measuring Radiation (January 4, 2016). Available from: www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/health-effects/measuring-radiation.htmlGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, T. and Maillie, D. H., Radiation and Health (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibid., Chs. 4 and 8.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, T., Strange Glow: The Story of Radiation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Pukkala, E. et al., Incidence of cancer among Nordic airline pilots over five decades: occupational cohort study (Internet), British Medical Journal, 325 (September 14, 2002), 15. Available from: www.bmj.com/content/bmj/325/7364/567.full.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauro, J. and Briggs, N. M., Assessment of Variations in Radiation Exposure in the United States (Internet), US Environmental Protection Agency, Contract EP-D-05–002. 2005. Available from: www.orau.org/ptp/PTP%20Library/library/Subject/Environmental/radiationbackground.pdfGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization, Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident: An Overview (Internet). Available from: www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/Google Scholar
Samet, J. M., Radiation and Cancer Risk: A Continuing Challenge for Epidemiologists. Environmental Health, 10 (Supplement 1, 2011), S4, 19.Google Scholar
Zeeb, H., International Radon Project: Survey on Radon Guidelines, Programmes and Activities (Internet). World Health Organization, WHO/HSE/RAD/07.01. Available from: www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/env/radon/IRP_Survey_on_Radon.pdfGoogle Scholar
US Environmental Protection Agency, Health Risk of Radon (Internet). Available from: www.epa.gov/radon/health-risk-radonGoogle Scholar
Doss, M., Egleston, B. L., and Litwin, S., Comments on ‘Studies of the Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors, Report 14, 1950–2003: An Overview of Cancer and Noncancer Diseases. Radiation Research, 178:3 (September 2012), 244245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaal, B., What We’ve Learned from the Atomic Bomb Survivors (Internet). Insights from the Chair, National Academy of Sciences (February 26, 2013). Available from: http://nas-sites.org/insights/192013/02/26/what-weve-learned-from-the-atomic-bomb-survivors/Google Scholar
Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Birth Defects Among the Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors (1948–1954) (Internet). Available from: www.rerf.jp/radefx/genetics_e/birthdef.htmlGoogle Scholar
Corneliussen, S. T., Experts Publish Dueling Messages on Low Radiation Doses (Internet). Physics Today (July 6, 2015). Available from: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/news/10.1063/PT.5.8124Google Scholar
Muller, H. J., Nobel Lecture – Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1946 (Internet). Nobelprize.org, Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize. Available from: www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/muller-lecture.htmlGoogle Scholar
Muller, H. J., Genetic Damage Produced by Radiation, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 11:9 (November 1955), 210212, 230; 210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, , Genetic Damage, p. 211.Google Scholar
The Gloomy Nobleman, Time, 48:20 (11 November, 1946), 96, 98; 96.Google Scholar
Muller, H. J., Our Load of Mutations, American Journal of Human Genetics, 2:2 (June 1950), 111176; 171, 169.Google Scholar
Tubiana, M., The Linear No-Threshold Relationship is Inconsistent with Radiation Biologic and Experimental Data, Radiology, 251:1 (2009), 1322.Google Scholar
Wigg, D. R., Radiation: Facts, Fallacies and Phobias, Australasian Radiology, 51 (2007), 2125.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, B. L., Test of the Linear-No Threshold Theory; Rationale for Procedures. Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, and Medicine, 3 (2005), 261282.Google Scholar
Abbott, A., Researchers Pin Down Risks of Low-Dose Radiation (Internet), Nature, 523:7558 (June 30, 2015). Available from: www.nature.com/news/researchers-pin-down-risks-of-low-dose-radiation-1.17876CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olipitz, W. et al., Integrated Molecular Analysis Indicates Undetectable Change in DNA Damage in Mice After Continuous Irradiation at ~400-fold Natural Background Radiation, Environmental Health Perspectives, 120:8 (August 2012), 11301136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaiserman, A. M., Radiation Hormesis: Historical Perspective and Implications for Low-Dose Cancer Risk Assessment, Dose Response, 8 (2010), 172191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomes, A. et al., Antiarthritic Activity of Indian Monpcellate Cobra (Naja Kaouthia) Venom on Adjuvant Induced Arthritis, Toxicon, 55 (2010), 670673.Google Scholar
Luckey, T. D., Radiation Hormesis: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, Dose Response, 4:3 (2006), 169190.Google Scholar
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NRC Regulations (10 CFR) (Internet), Part 20 – Standards for Protection Against Radiation, Subpart C – Occupational Dose Limits, Subpart D – Radiation Dose Limits for Individual Members of the Public. Available from: www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part020/Google Scholar
Cancer Research UK. Cancer Risk Statistics (Internet). Available from: www.cancerresearchuk.org/content/cancer-risk-statistics#heading-ZeroGoogle Scholar
Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M. M. et al., Global Cancer Statistics. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61 (2011), 6990; Table 1, 73.Google ScholarPubMed
Hendry, J. H. et. al., Human Exposure to High Natural Background Radiation: What Can it Teach Us About Radiation?, Journal of Radiological Protection, 29 (June 2009), A29A42.Google Scholar
Soman, C. R., Kutty, V. R., Safraj, S. et al., All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in Kerala State of India: Results from a 5-Year Follow-up of 161,942 Rural Community Dwelling Adults, Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 20:10 (2010), 18.Google Scholar
Nair, R. R. et. al., Background Radiation and Cancer Incidence in Kerala, India – Karanagappally Cohort Study, Health Physics, 96:1 (2009), 5566.Google Scholar
Sohrabi, M., Recent Radiological Studies of High Level Natural Radiation Areas of Ramsar, Proceedings of International Conference ‘High Levels of Natural Radiation’, (Ramsar: November 3–7, 1990), 3948.Google Scholar
Hendry, J. H. et. al., Human Exposure to High Natural Background Radiation: What Can It Teach Us About Radiation? Journal of Radiological Protection, 29 (June 2009), A29A42.Google Scholar
Ghiassi-Nejad, M., Zakeri, F., Assaei, R. Gh., and Kariminia, A., Long-Term Immune and Cytogenetic Effects of High Level Natural Radiation on Ramsar Inhabitants in Iran, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 74 (2004), 107116.Google Scholar
Mortazavi, S. M. J. and Karam, P. A., Apparent Lack of Radiation Susceptibility Among Residents of the High Background Radiation Area in Ramsar, Iran: Can We Relax Our Standards?, Natural Radiation Environment VII, 7 (2005), 11411147.Google Scholar
Mortazavi, S. M. J. and Mozdarani, H., Non-Linear Phenomena in Biological Findings of the Residents of High Background Radiation Areas of Ramsar, International Journal of Radiation Research, 11:1 (January 2013), 39.Google Scholar
Veiga, R. et al., Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in Brazilian Beach Sands, Radiation Measurements, 41 (2006), 189196.Google Scholar
Tao, Z. et al., Cancer and Non-cancer Mortality Among Inhabitants in the High Background Radiation Area of Yangjiang, China (1979–1998), Health Physics, 102:2 (February 2012), 173181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Digges, C., Russia Announces Enormous Finds of Radioactive Waste and Nuclear Reactors in Arctic Seas (Internet), Bellona. Available from: http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/radioactive-waste-and-spent-nuclear-fuel/2012–08-russia-announces-enormous-finds-of-radioactive-waste-and-nuclear-reactors-in-arctic-seasGoogle Scholar
Salbu, B. et al., Radioactive Contamination from Dumped Nuclear Waste in the Kara Sea – Results from the Joint Russian-Norwegian Expeditions in 1992–1994, Science of the Total Environment, 202: 13 (August 1997), 185198.Google Scholar
Matishov, G. G., Matishov, D. G., Usyagina, I. S., and Kasatkina, N. E., Multiannual Variations in Radioactive Pollution of the Barent-Kara Region (1960–2013), Doklady Earth Sciences, 458, Part 2 (2014), 12491255.Google Scholar
Walinder, G., Has Radiation Protection Become a Health Hazard? (Swedish Nuclear Training and Safety Center, 2000).Google Scholar
Knudsen, L. B., Legally Induced Abortions in Denmark after Chernobyl, Biomedical Pharmacother, 45:6 (1991), 229231.Google Scholar
Rytömaa, T., Ten Years After Chernobyl, Annals of Medicine, 28:2 (1996), 8388.Google Scholar
Specter, M., A Wasted Land – A Special Report; 10 Years Later, through Fear, Chernobyl Still Kills in Belarus (Internet), The New York Times, (31 March, 1996). Available from: www.nytimes.com/1996/03/31/world/wasted-land-special-report-10-years-later-through-fear-chernobyl-still-kills.html?pagewanted=allGoogle Scholar
Rahu, K., Rahu, M., Tekkel, M., and Bromet, E., Suicide Risk among Chernobyl Cleanup Workers in Estonia Still Increased: An Updated Cohort Study, Annals of Epidemiology, 16:12 (2006), 917919.Google Scholar
Bromet, E. J. and Havenaar, J. M., Psychological and Perceived Health Effects of the Chernobyl Disaster: A 20-Year Review, Health Physics, 93:5 (2007), 516521.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×