Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xm8r8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-16T12:41:29.259Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Components of Hull Resistance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2011

Anthony F. Molland
Affiliation:
University of Southampton
Stephen R. Turnock
Affiliation:
University of Southampton
Dominic A. Hudson
Affiliation:
University of Southampton
Get access

Summary

Physical Components of Main Hull Resistance

An understanding of the components of ship resistance and their behaviour is important as they are used in scaling the resistance of one ship to that of another size or, more commonly, scaling resistance from tests at model size to full size. Such resistance estimates are subsequently used in estimating the required propulsive power.

Observation of a ship moving through water indicates two features of the flow, Figure 3.1, namely that there is a wave pattern moving with the hull and there is a region of turbulent flow building up along the length of the hull and extending as a wake behind the hull.

Both of these features of the flow absorb energy from the hull and, hence, constitute a resistance force on the hull. This resistance force is transmitted to the hull as a distribution of pressure and shear forces over the hull; the shear stress arises because of the viscous property of the water.

Type
Chapter
Information
Ship Resistance and Propulsion
Practical Estimation of Propulsive Power
, pp. 12 - 68
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Couser, P.R.Wellicome, J.F.Molland, A.F.Experimental measurement of sideforce and induced drag on catamaran demihullsInternational Shipbuilding Progress 45 1998 225Google Scholar
Lackenby, H.An investigation into the nature and interdependence of the components of ship resistanceTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 107 1965 474Google Scholar
Insel, M.Molland, A.F.An investigation into the resistance components of high speed displacement catamaransTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 134 1992 1Google Scholar
Molland, A.F.Utama, I.K.A.P.Experimental and numerical investigations into the drag characteristics of a pair of ellipsoids in close proximityProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 216 2002 107Google Scholar
Savitsky, D.DeLorme, M.F.Datla, R.Inclusion of whisker spray drag in performance prediction method for high-speed planing hullsMarine Technology 44 2007 35Google Scholar
Clayton, B.R.Bishop, R.E.D.Mechanics of Marine VehiclesE. and F.N. Spon, London 1982Google Scholar
Faltinsen, O.M.Hydrodynamics of High-Speed Marine VehiclesCambridge University PressCambridge 2005Google Scholar
Claughton, A.R.Wellicome, J.R.Shenoi, R.A.Sailing Yacht DesignThe University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK 2006Google Scholar
Larsson, L.Eliasson, RPrinciples of Yacht DesignAdlard Coles Nautical 2007Google Scholar
Crewe, P.R.Eggington, W.J.The hovercraft – a new concept in marine transportTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 102 1960 315Google Scholar
Crewe, P.R.The hydrofoil boat: its history and future prospectsTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 100 1958 329Google Scholar
Yun, L.Bliault, A.Theory and Design of Air Cushion CraftElsevier Butterworth-HeinemannOxford, UK 2005Google Scholar
Froude, R.E.On the ‘constant’ system of notation of results of experiments on models used at the Admiralty Experiment WorksTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 29 1888 304Google Scholar
Taylor, D.W.The Speed and Power of ShipsU.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington 1943Google Scholar
Lackenby, H.On the presentation of ship resistance dataTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 96 1954 471Google Scholar
Telfer, E.V.The design presentation of ship model resistance dataTransactions of the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 79 1962 357Google Scholar
Doust, D.J.Optimised trawler formsTransactions of the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 79 1962 95Google Scholar
Sabit, A.S.Regression analysis of the resistance results of the BSRA SeriesInternational Shipbuilding Progress 18 1971 3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froude, W. 1872
ITTC 2002
ITTC 2002
Hughes, G.Allan, J.F.Turbulence stimulation on ship modelsTransactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 59 1951 281Google Scholar
Barnaby, K.C.Basic Naval ArchitectureHutchinson, London 1963Google Scholar
Molland, A.F.Wellicome, J.F.Couser, P.R. 1994
Hughes, GTank boundary effects on model resistanceTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 103 1961 421Google Scholar
Scott, J.R.A blockage correctorTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 108 1966 153Google Scholar
Scott, J.R.Blockage correction at sub-critical speedsTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 118 1976 169Google Scholar
Coleman, H.W.Steele, W.G.Experimentation and Uncertainty Analysis for EngineersWiley, New York 1999Google Scholar
ITTCFinal report of The Specialist Committee on Model Tests of High Speed Marine VehiclesProceedings of the 22nd International Towing Tank ConferenceSeoul and Shanghai 1999Google Scholar
Renilson, M.Predicting the hydrodynamic performance of very high-speed craft: A note on some of the problemsTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 149 2007 15Google Scholar
Duncan, W.J.Thom, A.S.Young, A.D.Mechanics of FluidsEdward Arnold, Port Melbourne, Australia 1974Google Scholar
Massey, B.S.Ward-Smith, J.Mechanics of FluidsTaylor and FrancisLondon 2006Google Scholar
Froude, W 1874
Molland, A.F.Turnock, S.R.Marine Rudders and Control SurfacesButterworth-HeinemannOxford, UK 2007Google Scholar
Allan, J.F.Some results of scale effect experiments on a twin-screw hull seriesTransactions of the Institute of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 93 1949 353Google Scholar
Lackenby, H.BSRA resistance experiments on the Lucy Ashton. Part III. The ship model correlation for the shaft appendage conditionsTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 97 1955 109Google Scholar
Hoerner, S.FFluid-Dynamic DragWashington, DC 1965Google Scholar
Mandel, P.Some hydrodynamic aspects of appendage designTransactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 61 1953 464Google Scholar
Peck, R.W. 1976
Kirkman, K.L.Kloetzli, J.N.Scaling problems of model appendagesProceedings of the 19th ATTCAnn ArborMichigan 1981Google Scholar
Tulin, M.P.Supercavitating flow past foil and strutsProceedings of Symposium on Cavitation in HydrodynamicsNPL 1955Google Scholar
Rutgersson, O.Propeller-hull interaction problems on high-speed ships: on the influence of cavitationSymposium on Small Fast Warships and Security VesselsThe Royal Institution of Naval ArchitectsLondon 1982Google Scholar
Holtrop, J.Mennen, G.G.J.An approximate power prediction methodInternational Shipbuilding Progress 29 1982 166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Berlekom, W.B.Trägårdh, P.Dellhag, A.Large tankers – wind coefficients and speed loss due to wind and wavesTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 117 1975 41Google Scholar
Shearer, K.D.A.Lynn, W.M.Wind tunnel tests on models of merchant shipsTransactions of the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 76 1960 229Google Scholar
White, G.P. 1966
Gould, R.W.F.The Estimation of wind loadings on ship superstructuresRINA Marine Technology Monograph 8 1982Google Scholar
Isherwood, R.M.Wind resistance of merchant shipsTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 115 1973 327Google Scholar
van Berlekom, W.B.Wind forces on modern ship forms–effects on performanceTransactions of the North East Coast Institute of Engineers and Shipbuilders 97 1981 123Google Scholar
Blendermann, W.Estimation of wind loads on ships in wind with a strong gradientProceedings of the 14th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Artic Engineering (OMAE)New YorkASME 1995 271Google Scholar
Molland, A.F.Barbeau, T.-E.An investigation into the aerodynamic drag on the superstructures of fast catamaransTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 145 2003 31Google Scholar
Reddy, K.R.Tooletto, R.Jones, K.R.W.Numerical simulation of ship airwakeComputers and Fluids 29 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sezer-Uzol, N.Sharma, A.Long, L.N.Computational fluid dynamics simulations of ship airwakeProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Journal of Aerospace Engineering 219 2005 369CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakefield, N.H.Newman, S.J.Wilson, P.A.Helicopter flight around a ship's superstructureProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 216 2002 13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moat, IYelland, M.Pascal, R.W.Molland, A.F.Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part I. Validation of a CFD ModelJournal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23 2006 341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moat, IYelland, M.Pascal, R.W.Molland, A.F.Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part II. Application of the model resultsJournal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23 2006 351CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ITTC 2008
Hucho, W.H.Aerodynamics of Road VehiclesWarrendale, PA, USA 1998
Anonymous, Emissions are a dragThe Naval ArchitectRINA, London 2009 28Google Scholar
Grigson, C.W.B.The drag coefficients of a range of ship surfacesTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 123 1981 195Google Scholar
Candries, M.Atlar, M.Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 2003 107
Townsin, R.L.The Naval ArchitectRINA, London 1985 E359Google Scholar
ITTCProceedings of the 25th International Towing Tank ConferenceFukuoka, Japan 2008Google Scholar
Townsin, R.L.Byrne, D.Milne, A.Svensen, T.Speed, power and roughness – the economics of outer bottom maintenanceTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 122 1980 459Google Scholar
Aertssen, G.Service-performance and seakeeping trials on MV LukugaTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 105 1963 293Google Scholar
Aertssen, GService-performance and seakeeping trials on MV JordaensTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 1966 305Google Scholar
Aertssen, G.Ferdinande, V.de Lembre, R.Service-performance and seakeeping trials on a stern trawlerTransactions of the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 83 1966 13Google Scholar
Aertssen, G.Van Sluys, M.F.Service-performance and seakeeping trials on a large containershipTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 114 1972 429Google Scholar
Aertssen, G. 1969
Townsin, R.L.Moss, BWynne, J.B.Whyte, I.M.Monitoring the speed performance of shipsTransactions of the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 91 1975 159Google Scholar
Carlton, J.S.Marine Propellers and PropulsionButterworth-HeinemannOxford, UK 2007Google Scholar
Atlar, M.Glover, E.J.Candries, M.Mutton, R.Anderson, C.D.The effect of foul release coating on propeller performanceProceedings of 2nd International Conference on Marine Research for Environmental Sustainability ENSUS 2002University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 2002Google Scholar
Atlar, M.Glover, E.J.Mutton, R.Anderson, C.D.Calculation of the effects of new generation coatings on high speed propeller performanceProceedings of 2nd International Warship Cathodic Protection Symposium and Equipment ExhibitionCranfield UniversityShrivenham, UK 2003Google Scholar
Okuno, T.Lewkowicz, A.K.Nicholson, K.Roughness effects on a slender ship hullSecond International Symposium on Ship Viscous ResistanceSSPA, Gothenburg 1985Google Scholar
Lewthwaite, J.C.Molland, A.F.Thomas, K.W.An investigation into the variation of ship skin frictional resistance with foulingTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 127 1985 269Google Scholar
Cutland, R.S.Velocity measurements in close proximity to a ship's hullTransactions of the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 74 1958 341Google Scholar
Satchwell, C.J.Windship technology and its application to motor shipsTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 131 1989 105Google Scholar
Townsin, R.L.Kwon, Y.J.Approximate formulae for the speed loss due to added resistance in wind and wavesTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 125 1983 199Google Scholar
Townsin, R.L.Kwon, Y.J.Baree, M.S.Kim, D.Y.Estimating the influence of weather on ship performanceTransactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects 135 1993 191Google Scholar
ITTCProceedings of the 25th International Towing Tank ConferenceFukuoka, Japan 2008Google Scholar
Aertssen, GThe effect of weather on two classes of container ship in the North AtlanticThe Naval ArchitectRINA, London 1975 11Google Scholar
Kwon, Y.J.Estimating the effect of wind and waves on ship speed and performanceThe Naval ArchitectRINA, London 2000Google Scholar
Kwon, Y.J.Speed loss due to added resistance in wind and wavesThe Naval ArchitectRINA, London 2008 14Google Scholar
Hogben, N.Lumb, F.E.Ocean Wave StatisticsLondon 1967Google Scholar
Hogben, N.Dacunha, N.M.C.Oliver, G.F.Global Wave StatisticsUK 1985Google Scholar
ITTCReport of The Specialist Committee on Powering Performance and PredictionProceedings of the 24th International Towing Tank ConferenceEdinburgh, UK 2005Google Scholar
Woodyard, D.F.Pounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas TurbinesButterworth-HeinemannOxford, UK 2004Google Scholar
Molland, A.F.The Maritime Engineering Reference BookButterworth-HeinemannOxford, UK 2008

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×