• As micro-grids provide electricity to customers in a distributed manner, the energy management policy implementation also takes place in a distributed manner at the micro-grids’ end. Therefore, it may happen that in a particular micro-grid's area, demand from the customers is very high. Consequently, real-time energy load on that micro-grid is very high, and it has to provide adequate electricity to the customers in order to meet the energy requirements of the latter. As a result, the micro-grid has to buy electricity from the main grid (through a market pricing policy) in order to meet the requirements. However, at the same time, it may happen that real-time demand is very low in another micro-grid. Therefore, there is an energy excess in that micro-grid. Consequently, it sells the surplus energy to the main grid. In such an energy exchange mechanism, a massive amount of energy is lost due to transmission loss. However, with the implementation of the load-balancing scheme, service areas of the micro-grids can be dynamically changed in order to maintain the balance between real-time energy supply and demand.

• Similar to the energy scarcity problem in a micro-grid's area, real-time information propagation may lead to the creation of a massive data load on the servers. With the help of bi-directional communication in the smart grid, customers communicate with the service providers for energy consumption. Therefore, real-time information propagation at the data centers also increases due to the massive energy demand from the customers.