Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T14:50:58.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Thirteen - Cuneiform Writing in Bronze Age Canaan

from Part Two

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2018

Assaf Yasur-Landau
Affiliation:
University of Haifa, Israel
Eric H. Cline
Affiliation:
George Washington University, Washington DC
Yorke Rowan
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The Social Archaeology of the Levant
From Prehistory to the Present
, pp. 245 - 264
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdallah, F., and Durand, J.-M. 2014. Deux documents cunéiformes retrouvés au Tell Sakka. In Entre les fleuves, Vol. 2: D’Aššur à Mari et au-delà, ed. Ziegler, N. and Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., 233–48. Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient 24. Gladbeck: PeWe.Google Scholar
Albright, W. F. 1942. A Case of Lèse-Majesté in Pre-Israelite Lachish, with Some Remarks on the Israelite Conquest. BASOR 87: 32–8.Google Scholar
Albright, W. F. 1944. A Prince of Taanach in the Fifteenth Century B.C. BASOR 94: 1227.Google Scholar
Artzi, P. 1992. Nippur Elementary Schoolbooks in the “West.” In Nippur at the Centennial: Papers Read at the 35e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Philadelphia, 1988, ed. deJong Ellis, M., 15. Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 14. Philadelphia: Samuel Noah Kramer Fund.Google Scholar
Beckman, G. 2003. Gilgamesh in Ḫatti. In Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A. Hoffner, Jr. on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, ed. Beckman, G. M., Beal, R. H., and McMahon, G., 3757. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Shlomo, D. 2014. Field III: The Southeastern Step Trench. In The Smithsonian Institution Excavation at Tell Jemmeh, Israel, 1970–1990, ed. Ben-Shlomo, D. and Van Beek, G. W., 21161. SCA 50. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.Google Scholar
Ben-Shlomo, D., and Van Beek, G. W. 2014. Introduction. In The Smithsonian Institution Excavation at Tell Jemmeh, Israel, 1970–1990, ed. Ben-Shlomo, D. and Van Beek, G. W., 115. SCA 50. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, A. 1992. Tel Hazor, 1992. IEJ 42: 254–60.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, A. 1996. Excavations and Surveys: Tel Hazor, 1996. IEJ 46: 262–8.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, A. 2000. Excavations and Surveys: Tel Hazor, 2000. IEJ 50: 243–9.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, A. 2016. Hazor: Cannanite Metropolis, Israelite City; “The Head of All Those Kingdoms” (Joshua 11:10). Jerusalem: IES.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, A., ed. 1989. Hazor III–IV: An Account of the Third and Fourth Seasons of Excavations, 1957–1958, Vol. 2: Text. Jerusalem: IES; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Bienkowski, P. 1986. Jericho in the Late Bronze Age. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.Google Scholar
Black, J. A. 1992 . Two Cuneiform Tablets. In Pella in Jordan 2: The Second Interim Report of the Joint University of Sydney and the College of Wooster Excavations at Pella, 1982–1985, ed. McNicoll, A. W., Edwards, P. C., Hanbury-Tenison, J., Hennessy, J. B., Potts, T. F., Smith, R. H., Walmsley, A., and Watson, P., 299301. MASup 2. Sydney: Meditarch.Google Scholar
Bliss, F. J. 1894. A Mound of Many Cities, or, Tell el Hesy Excavated. London: PEF.Google Scholar
Bonfil, R., and Zarzecki-Peleg, A. 2007. The Palace in the Upper City of Hazor as an Expression of a Syrian Architectural Paradigm. BASOR 348: 2547.Google Scholar
Burke, A. A. 2014. Introduction to the Levant during the Middle Bronze Age. In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant, c. 8000–332 BCE, ed. Steiner, M. L. and Killebrew, A. E., 403–13. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cavigneaux, A. 1983. Lexikalische Listen. RlA 6: 609–41.Google Scholar
Charpin, D. 2010. Reading and Writing in Babylon. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cogan, M. 2013. A New Cuneiform Text from Megiddo. IEJ 63: 131–4.Google Scholar
Cohen, Y. 2004. Kidin-Gula – The Foreign Teacher at the Emar Scribal School. RAAO 98: 81100.Google Scholar
Cohen, Y. 2009. The Scribes and Scholars of the City of Emar in the Late Bronze Age. HSS 59. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Cohen, Y. 2012. The Historical and Social Background of the Scribal School at the City of Emar in the Late Bronze Age. In Theory and Practice of Knowledge Transfer: Studies in School Education in the Ancient Near East and Beyond; Papers Read at a Symposium in Leiden, 17–19 December 2008, ed. van Egmond, W. S. and van Soldt, W. H., 115–27. NINEP 121. Leiden: The Netherlands Institute for the Near East.Google Scholar
Cohen, Y. 2013. Wisdom from the Late Bronze Age. WAW 29. Atlanta: SBL.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Y. 2015. Review of Die Lebermodelle aus Boğazköy, by A. De Vos. ZAVA 105: 121–6.Google Scholar
Dassow, E. von. 2004. Canaanite in Cuneiform. JAOS 124: 641–74.Google Scholar
Dassow, E. von. 2010. Peripheral Akkadian Dialects, or Akkadography of Local Languages. In Language in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Vol. 1, Part 2, ed. Kogan, L., Koslova, S., Loesov, S., and Tishchenko, S., 895924. Babel und Bibel 4 (2); Orientalia et Classica 30 (2). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
De Vos, A. 2013. Die Lebermodelle aus Boğazköy. SBT 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Demsky, A. 1990. The Education of Canaanite Scribes in the Mesopotamian Cuneiform Tradition. In Bar-Ilan Studies in Assyriology Dedicated to Pinḥas Artzi, ed. Klein, J. and Skaist, A. J., 157–70. Bar-Ilan Studies in Near Eastern Languages and Culture. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press.Google Scholar
Fargo, V. M. 1993. Ḥesi, Tell el-. NEAEHL 2: 630–4.Google Scholar
Finkel, I. L. 2006. Report on the Sidon Cuneiform Tablet. AHL 24: 114–20.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2013. Archaeological and Historical Conclusions. In Megiddo V: The 2004–2008 Seasons, Vol. 3, ed. Finkelstein, I., Ussishkin, D., and Cline, E. H., 1329–40. MSSMNIA 31. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Gadot, Y. 2009. The Relative and Absolute Chronology of Late Bronze Age and Iron Age Tel Aphek. In Aphek-Antipatris II: The Remains on the Acropolis; The Moshe Kochavi and Pirhiya Beck Excavations, ed. Gadot, Y. and Yadin, E., 581–91. MSSMNIA 27. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology.Google Scholar
Garstang, J. 1934. Jericho: City and Necropolis, Fourth Report. LAAA 21: 99136.Google Scholar
George, A. R. 2003. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
George, A. R. 2007. The Gilgameš Epic at Ugarit. Aula Orientalis 25: 237–54.Google Scholar
Glock, A. E. 1971. A New Ta‘annek Tablet. BASOR 204: 1730.Google Scholar
Glock, A. E. 1993. Taanach. NEAEHL 4: 1428–33.Google Scholar
Gordin, S. 2015. Hittite Scribal Circles: Scholarly Tradition and Writing Habits. SBT 59. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Goren, Y. 2000. Provenance Study of the Cuneiform Texts from Hazor. IEJ 50: 2942.Google Scholar
Goren, Y.; Finkelstein, I.; and Naʼaman, N. 2004. Inscribed in Clay: Provenance Study of the Amarna Tablets and Other Ancient Near Eastern Texts. MSSMNIA 23. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology.Google Scholar
Goren, Y.; Mommsen, H.; Finkelstein, I.; and Naʼaman, N. 2009. A Provenance Study of the Gilgamesh Fragment from Megiddo. Archaeometry 51: 763–73.Google Scholar
Hachmann, R. 2012. Die Keilschriftbriefe und der Horizont von el-Amarna. Kāmid el-Lōz 20; Saarbrücker Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 87. Bonn: Habelt.Google Scholar
Hallo, W. W., and Tadmor, H. 1977. A Lawsuit from Hazor. IEJ 27: 111.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W. 1997. A Combined Multiplication Table on a Prism from Hazor. IEJ 47: 190–7.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W. 2000. Two Late Bronze Age Tablets from Hazor. IEJ 50: 1628.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W., and Ornan, T. 2014. Cylinder Seals: A Clay Cylinder with Cuneiform Signs. In The Smithsonian Institution Excavation at Tell Jemmeh, Israel, 1970–1990, ed. Ben-Shlomo, D. and Van Beek, G. W., 1017–19. SCA 50. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W., and Oshima, T. 2006. Cuneiform in Canaan: Cuneiform Sources from the Land of Israel in Ancient Times. Jerusalem: IES; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W., and Oshima, T. 2007. Hazor 15: A Letter Fragment from Hazor. IEJ 57: 3440.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W., and Oshima, T. 2010. Hazor 16: Another Administrative Docket from Hazor. IEJ 60: 129–32.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W.; Oshima, T.; and Vukosavović, F. 2012. Hazor 18: Fragments of a Cuneiform Law Collection from Hazor. IEJ 62: 158–76.Google Scholar
Horowitz, W.; Oshima, T.; and Winitzer, A. 2010. Hazor 17: Another Clay Liver Model. IEJ 60: 133–45.Google Scholar
Huehnergard, J., and van Soldt, W. H. 1999. A Cuneiform Lexical Text from Ashkelon with a Canaanite Column. IEJ 49: 184–92.Google Scholar
Huehnergard, J., and van Soldt, W. H. 2008. A Cuneiform Lexical Text with a Canaanite Column. In Ashkelon 1: Introduction and Overview (1985–2006), ed. Stager, L. E., Schloen, J. D., and Master, D. M., 327–32. FRLLEA 1. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Izre’el, S. 1995a. The Amarna Letters from Canaan. CANE 4: 2411–19.Google Scholar
Izre’el, S. 1995b. The Amarna Glosses: Who Wrote What for Whom? Some Sociolinguistic Considerations. IOS 15: 101–22.Google Scholar
Izre’el, S. 1997. The Amarna Scholarly Tablets. Cuneiform Monographs 9. Groningen: Styx.Google Scholar
Izre’el, S. 2012. Canaano-Akkadian: Linguistics and Sociolinguistics. In Language and Nature: Papers Presented to John Huehnergard on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, ed. Hasselbach, R. and Pat-El, N., 171218. SAOC 67. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of The University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Lamon, R. S., and Shipton, G. M. 1939. Megiddo I: Seasons of 1925–34, Strata I–V. OIP 42. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 1998. Le lettere di el-Amarna, Vol. 1. Testi del Vicino Oriente antico 2; Letterature mesopotamiche 3. Brescia: Paideia.Google Scholar
Mazar, E.; Goren, Y.; Horowitz, W.; and Oshima, T. 2014. Jerusalem 2: A Fragment of a Cuneiform Tablet from the Ophel Excavations. IEJ 64: 129–39.Google Scholar
Mazar, E.; Horowitz, W.; Oshima, T.; and Goren, Y. 2010. A Cuneiform Tablet from the Ophel in Jerusalem. IEJ 60: 421.Google Scholar
Meyer, J.-W. 1987. Untersuchungen zu den Tonlebermodellen aus dem Alten Orient. AOAT 39. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag.Google Scholar
Millard, A. R. 1999. The Knowledge of Writing in Late Bronze Age Palestine. In Languages and Cultures in Contact: At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm; Proceedings of the 42th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, ed. Van Lerberghe, K. and Voet, G., 317–26. OLA 96. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Millard, A. R. 2010. The Cuneiform Tablets from Tell Nebi Mend. Levant 42: 226–36.Google Scholar
Moran, W. L. 1992. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Moran, W. L. 2003. A Note on igi-kár, “Provisions, Supplies.” In Amarna Studies: Collected Writings, ed. Huehnergard, J. and Izre’el, S., 297300. HSS 54. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mynářová, J. 2007. Language of Amarna – Language of Diplomacy: Perspectives on the Amarna Letters. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology.Google Scholar
Naʼaman, N. 1977. ašītu (SG.) and ašâtu (PL.) – Straps and Reins. JCS 29: 237–9.Google Scholar
Naʼaman, N. 1994. The Hurrians and the End of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine. Levant 26: 175–87.Google Scholar
Naʼaman, N. 2004. The ṣuḫāru in Second-Millennium BCE Letters from Canaan. IEJ 54: 92–9.Google Scholar
Naʼaman, N., and Goren, Y. 2009. The Inscriptions from the Egyptian Residence: A Reassessment. In Aphek-Antipatris II: The Remains on the Acropolis; The Moshe Kochavi and Pirhiya Beck Excavations, ed. Gadot, Y. and Yadin, E., 460–71. MSSMNIA 27. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology.Google Scholar
Ofer, A. 1987–1988. Tell Rumeideh (Hebron) – 1986. ESI 6: 92–3.Google Scholar
Ofer, A. 1993. Hebron. NEAEHL 2: 606–9.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, A. L. 1965. A Note on the Scribes in Mesopotamia. In Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger on His Seventy-Fifth Birthday, April 21, 1965, ed. Güterbock, H. G. and Jacobsen, T., 253–6. Assyriological Studies 16. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ornan, T. 2011. “Let Ba‘al Be Enthroned”: The Date, Identification, and Function of a Bronze Statue from Hazor. JNES 70: 253–80.Google Scholar
Ornan, T. 2012. The Long Life of a Dead King: A Bronze Statue from Hazor in Its Ancient Near Eastern Context. BASOR 366: 124.Google Scholar
Radner, K., and Robson, E., eds. 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rainey, A. F. 1976. A Tri-Lingual Cuneiform Fragment from Tel Aphek. TA 3: 137–9.Google Scholar
Rainey, A. F. 1998. Syntax, Hermeneutic and History. IEJ 48: 239–51.Google Scholar
Rainey, A. F. 1999. Taanach Letters. ErIsr 26: 153*–62*.Google Scholar
Rainey, A. F. 2010. The Hybrid Language Written by Canaanite Scribes in the 14th Century BCE. In Language in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Vol. 1, Part 2, ed. Kogan, L., Koslova, S., Loesov, S., and Tishchenko, S., 851–61. Babel und Bibel 4 (2); Orientalia et Classica 30 (2). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Rainey, A. F., and Schniedewind, W. M. 2015. The El-Amarna Correspondence: A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from the Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of All Extant Tablets. 2 vols. Handbook of Oriental Studies 1, The Near and Middle East 110. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Richter, T.; Lange, S.; and Pfälzner, P. 2012. Das Archiv des Idadda: Die Keilschrifttexten aus den deutsch-syrischen Ausgrabungen 2001–2003 im Königspalast von Qatna. Qatna Studien 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Robson, E. 2008. Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rollston, C. A. 2010. A Fragmentary Cuneiform Tablet from the Ophel (Jerusalem): Methodological Musings about the Proposed Genre and Sitz im Leben. Antiguo Oriente 8: 1121.Google Scholar
Sanders, S. L. 2009. The Invention of Hebrew. Traditions. Urbana: Univerity of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Sellin, E. 1904. Tell Ta‘annek. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 50 (4). Vienna: Gerold.Google Scholar
Sellin, E. 1926. Die Ausgrabung von Sichem. ZDPV 49: 304–20.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 1977. A Hittite Hieroglyphic Seal Impression from Tel Aphek. TA 4: 178–90.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 1992. A Hittite Seal from Megiddo. BA 58: 91–3.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 2011. The Calm before the Storm: Selected Writings of Itamar Singer on the Late Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Levant. WAWSup 1. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Smith, R. H., and Potts, T. 1992. The Middle and Late Bronze Ages. In Pella in Jordan 2: The Second Interim Report of the Joint University of Sydney and the College of Wooster Excavations at Pella, 1982–1985, ed. McNicoll, A. W., Edwards, P. C., Hanbury-Tenison, J., Hennessy, J. B., Potts, T. F., Smith, R. H., Walmsley, A., and Watson, P., 3581. MASup 2. Sydney: Meditarch.Google Scholar
Soldt, W. H. van. 2011. The Role of Babylon in Western Peripheral Education. In Babylon: Wissenskultur in Orient und Okzident, ed. Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., van Ess, M., and Marzahn, J., 197211. Topoi 1. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Soldt, W. H. van. 2012. The Palaeography of Two Ugarit Archives. In Palaeography and Scribal Practices in Syro-Palestine and Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age: Papers Read at a Symposium in Leiden, 17–18 December 2009, ed. Devecchi, E., 171–83. NINEP 119. Leiden: The Netherlands Institute for the Near East.Google Scholar
Stager, L. E.; Schloen, J. D.; Master, D. M.; Press, M. D.; and Aja, A. 2008. Part Four: Stratigraphic Overview. In Ashkelon 1: Introduction and Overview (1985–2006), ed. Stager, L. E., Schloen, J. D., and Master, D. M., 215323. FRLLEA 1. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. 2015. Wedge Order in Cuneiform: A Preliminary Survey. In Current Research in Cuneiform Palaeography: Proceedings of the Workshop Organised at the 60th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Warsaw 2014, ed. Devecchi, E., Müller, G. G. W., and Mynářová, J., 130. Gladbeck: PeWe.Google Scholar
Toorn, K., van der. 2000. Cuneiform Documents from Syria-Palestine: Texts, Scribes, and Schools. ZDPV 116: 97113.Google Scholar
Veldhuis, N. 2014. History of the Cuneiform Lexical Tradition. Guides to the Mesopotamian Textual Record 6. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Google Scholar
Vita, J.-P. 2012. On the Lexical Background of the Amarna Glosses. AF 39: 278–86.Google Scholar
Vita, J.-P. 2015. Canaanite Scribes in the Amarna Letters. AOAT 406. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Google Scholar
Vukosavović, F. 2014. The Laws of Hazor and the ANE Parallels. RAAO 108: 41–4.Google Scholar
Weeden, M. 2011. Hittite Logograms and Hittite Scholarship. SBT 54. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Yadin, Y. 1960. Hazor II: An Account of the Second Season of Excavations, 1956. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Yadin, Y. 1961. Hazor III–IV: An Account of the Third and Fourth Seasons of Excavations, 1957–1958, Vol. 1: Plates. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, S. 2010. “The City, Its Gods Will Return There…”: Toward an Alternative Interpretation of Hazor’s Acropolis in the Late Bronze Age. JNES 69: 163–78.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×