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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2022

Yi-Tang Lin
Yi-Tang Lin
Affiliation:
Université de Genève

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Chapter
Information
Statistics and the Language of Global Health
Institutions and Experts in China, Taiwan, and the World, 1917–1960
 , pp. 254 - 262
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Please note that page numbers in italics direct the reader to tables, photographs or other images.

Algeria, 58
Argentina, 152
Aronson, Joseph, 181
Assad, F. A., 179
Australia, 104, 117
Balfour, Marshall, 131
Belgium, 87
Bermann, Gregorio, 152
Bertillon, Jacques, 91, 93, 148
Bertillon’s list. See statistics, statistical standards, Bertillon’s list
Biggs, Hermann, 24–25, 44, 109, 113–115
biopolitics, 8
biostatistics. See statistics
Biraud, Yves (Yves-Marie), 1, 56–58, 95, 153, 155–160, 163, 165
Bolivia, 14
Borčič, Berislav, 131, 162
Boudreau, Frank, 104
Brazil, 148, 150, 159
Buchanan, Sir George, 84, 92
Buck, Pearl S., 122, 128
Bujwid, Odo, 34
Cai Fu (Tsai Fu), 167
Cakrtova, Marie, 158
Canada, 94
Chadwick, Edwin, 2
Chandrasekaran, Chidambara, 56
Chen Jingsheng (Ch’en Ching-Sheng), 170
Chen Wanyi (Ch’en Wan-I), 195
Chen Xixuan (Ch’en Hsi-Hsuan), 195
Chen Zhengde (Ch’en Cheng Te, C. T. Ch’en), 199
Chen Zhiqian (Ch’en Chih-Ch’ien, C. C. Ch’en), 124–129, 137–139, 142, 202, 207
Chiang Kai-Shek, 102
China, 98–108, 117, 150
Anhui, 217
Beijing, 61, 67, 74, 131, 219
municipal police, 64–67, 138
Peking First Health Station (PFHS, Peiping Health Demonstration Station), 44, 59–70, 67, 68, 73–75, 74, 126, 132
PUMC. See public health institutions and universities, PUMC
Beiyang Military Medical Academy, 59
Central Epidemic Prevention Bureau, 65, 100
Central Field Health Station (CFHS), 21, 75, 111, 129–142, 133, 136, 162, 184
China Medical Association, 206
China Medical Board. See philanthropy, Rockefeller Foundation, China Medical Board
Chinese Christian Association, 59
Chinese Communist Party, 15, 209, 213, 217
Chinese Social Survey Movement, 73
Chongqing, 161
civil war, 164
Cultural Revolution, 203, 215, 220
Customs Service, 101, 105
familiarity with, 26, 35–39
feng shui masters (yin yang shen), 64–66
Great Famine, 217–218
Great Leap Forward, 215–221
Hong Kong. See Hong Kong
Jiangsu, 212
Joint Council for Public Health Education, 59
Manchuria, 105, 170
Manchurian Incident (1931), 96
Mass Education Movement (MEM), 19, 110–112, 121–124, 127–129, 131
Nanjing, 123, 130, 138, 208
National Quarantine Service, 105–108
Ningbo, 36
Niuzhuang (Newchwang), 105
official data. See official data registration
One China policy, 202
Patriotic Health Campaigns, 208–210, 213–214, 220
People’s Republic of (PRC), 15, 20, 167, 202–222, 225
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 204–206
Ministry of Health, 205, 214, 220
State Statistics Bureau, 203, 210, 214, 217
WHO, withdrawal from, 202–206
People’s Liberation Army, 215
Republic of (ROC), 14–17, 19, 22, 102, 110, 145, 155, 161–171, 173–201
Central Statistics Bureau, 123
exile. See Taiwan, ROC exiled to
National Health Administration (NHA), 62, 103, 123, 129–136, 161, 170
Second Sino-Japanese War, 15, 36, 75, 139, 164, 170, 207
Shanghai, 36, 163, 207, 212, 214–215
Municipal Health Bureau, 132
Wusong (Woosung), 105
sovereignty, 14, 81, 101, 102, 104, 106, 108
Taiwan. See Taiwan
Tianjin, 59, 131
treaty ports, 100–107, 163, 170
Warlord Era, 100
Chisholm, Brock, 151, 154
Cohnheim, Julius, 32
Cold War, 4, 17, 144–146, 164–171, 204–206, 224
collaboration, international, 4, 35, 78, 88, 144, 152, 174
health organizations. See health organizations, international
colonialism, 2, 13, 98
colonial medicine, 13, 80, 95–100
treaty ports. See China, treaty ports
conferences and congresses, 44
Conferences of Directors of Schools of Hygiene, 130
conferences to revise the ICD, 95, 155
European Health Conference (1922, Warsaw), 82
First National Health Conference (1950, PRC), 207
International Health Conference (1946, New York), 151
International Sanitary Conferences, 2
International Statistical Congresses, 3
United Nations Conference on International Organization (1945, San Francisco), 164
World Congress of Doctors for the Study of Current Life Conditions (1953), 206
World Population Conference (1927), 52
Croatia, 131
Cumming, Hugh, 24, 85–87
d’Espine, Farr, 3
Darwin, Charles, 42
Davis, William H., 94
demonstrations. See public health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs
Demos, E. A., 185, 188
Deng, P. H., 163
Denmark, 207
disease
alcoholism, 47
ascariasis, 134
cancer, 91, 155
cholera, 32, 79, 81, 92, 104, 149, 164, 209
COVID-19, 223–224, 226
depression, 39
dysentery, 162
Ebola, 228
epidemic. See epidemics
epidemiology. See epidemiology
etiology, 3, 65
gastrointestinal, 69
hookworm, 28, 37, 46, 59, 134, 162
kala-azar, 133, 162
malaria, 12, 22, 50, 56–57, 81, 148–149, 153, 166, 174–179, 178, 183–186, 187
GMEP. See public health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs, GMEP
Taiwan Malaria Research Institute (TMRI), 184–191, 194
pellagra, 37
plague, 79, 92, 105, 133
polio, 153
quarantine. See quarantine
relapsing fever, 81
smallpox, 79, 92, 162
snail fever, 207
syphilis, 53, 153
tuberculosis, 12, 22, 31, 33, 48, 57, 69, 75, 113–115, 120, 133, 148–149, 153, 173–175, 179–183
National Tuberculosis Association, 113
Taipei Tuberculosis Control Center, 184, 191–194, 198
Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Center (Madras), 182
Tuberculosis Research Office, 180
typhoid, 133, 162
typhus, 34, 78–83, 92, 162
vaccination. See vaccination
yaws, 212
yellow fever, 79, 92, 162
Zika virus, 227
Dutch East Indies, 99
Echavez, P. S., 185, 188
Ecuador, 180
Edge, Major, 88
Edwards, Major General Sir W. R., 99
Egypt, 150, 180
Eichel, Otto R., 49, 93, 116, 119
Emerson, Haven, 49, 94
epidemics, 43, 52–55, 60, 112, 132, 133, 182–185
cholera, 104, 149–152
predicting, 3, 133
reporting, 81–83, 88, 92, 98–101, 108, 143–146, 161–167, 173–176, 205–209
typhus, 34, 78–83
epidemiology, 20, 22, 34, 41, 52–55, 60–61, 100, 142, 144–150, 160–164, 177
data collection. Seestatistics, statistical practices
Intelligence Service. SeeLeague of Nations, Health Organization, the Service
Reed-Frost model, 54
Ethiopia, 148
experts, 9, 26, 150, 159, 181–183, 223–228
Chinese, 7, 43, 194–201, 225
exchange programs, 89–92, 92
missions, 148–149
Soviet, 203–207, 209–216, 219
Taiwanese, 225
trust in, 22, 145
Western, 39, 68, 86, 90, 94, 224
Fang, Yiji (Fang I-Chi, I. C. Fang), 64, 195
Farr, William, 3
Ferrand, Livingston, 55
France, 90, 93, 98, 103, 150, 153
Paris, 34, 87
Frankel, Dr. Lee K., 113
Frost, Wade, 43, 52–55, 60
Reed-Frost model, 54
Galton, Francis, 41–42, 47
Gautier, Raymond, 147
Gear, Harry, 1
Gee, Gist, 70
Germany
Berlin, 32
Bremen, 105
Hamburg, 105
Imperial Office of Health, 89
Ghana, 182
Goldberger, Joseph, 37
Goodman, N. M., 149
governmentality, 8
Grant, John B., 21, 35–39, 43–44, 59–70, 63–77, 101–104, 107, 124, 132–137
Great Depression, 27, 31, 52, 112
Greece, 14, 180
Greene, Roger, 72
Greenwood, Major, 39, 41–42, 49, 86–88
Gu Weilin, 211
Gunn, Selskar, 83–86
Guo Songgen (Quo Sung-Ken, S. K. Quo), 160, 164, 169–171, 198
Guo Zuchao, 208–209, 214–215, 220–222
Haas, Robert, 107
Hackett, Lewis, 57
health organizations, international, 9, 11, 57, 152, 173, 198
American Bureau for Medical Aid to China, 18, 170
American Public Health Association (APHA), 38, 49, 67, 93–95
collaboration between. Seecollaboration, international
Far Eastern Association of Tropical Medicine, 80
League of Red Cross Societies, 82
LNHO. SeeLeague of Nations, LNHO
Office international d’hygiène publique (OIHP), 79–81, 92, 98, 108, 143
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 56, 159, 195, 204
Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 151
rivalries between, 94
WHO. SeeWHO
WHOIC. SeeWHO, WHOIC
health systems. Seepublic health and policy-making, health systems
Heiser, Victor, 101–104, 107, 123
heredity
Darwinism. SeeDarwin, Charles
eugenics, 42, 47, 154
Galton, Francis. SeeGalton, Francis
inbreeding, 47
mice, research conducted upon, 48, 73, 76
reproduction. Seestatistics, reproductive
Hong Kong, 163, 182
Hoover, Herbert, 24, 27
Huang Zefang (Huang Tse-Fang), 64
India, 65, 98, 150, 180
Council of Medical Research, 182
Madras, 182, 198
Medical Service, 96, 98
New Delhi, 157
Indonesia, 98
insecticides, 207
benchmarking. Seestatistics, statistical practices, benchmarking
DDT. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs, GMEP
malaria, prevention of. Seedisease, malaria
Paris Green, 57
International Labor Office, 205
internationalism. Seecollaboration, international; health organizations, international
Italy, 57, 207
Japan, 25, 65, 82, 96–103, 107, 117, 207
League of Nations, withdrawal from, 96
Public Health Institute, 167
Second Sino-Japanese War, 15, 36, 75, 139, 164, 170, 207
Singapore, occupation of, 99
Jin Baoshan (P. Z. King, Chin Pao-Shan), 62–63, 139, 161
Jitta, Josephus, 98
journals and periodicals, 128
American Review of Respiratory Disease, 197
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 182, 196
Charities and the Commons, 30
Chinese Medical Journal, 125
Chronicle of the World Health Organization, 196
Journal of Indian Malariology, 196
Milbank Quarterly Bulletin (Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly), 117, 125
Monthly Bulletin of the Department of Health of the State of New York, 109
Russell’s Survey, 112
Statistical Work Bulletin, 211, 214, 216
Survey, 30
Kellogg, Paul, 30
Kingsbury, John, 30, 112–121, 142
Koch, Robert, 32–34
Kual, P. M., 165
League of Nations, 224
establishment of, 78
Health Organization (LNHO), 7, 9–15, 18–22, 25, 30, 34–39, 49, 56–58, 111, 129–131, 142–145, 154–160, 171
Eastern Bureau, 84, 99, 104–106, 163, 165, 170
Epidemiological Intelligence and Public Health Statistics Service (the Service), 4, 21, 31, 39, 78–108, 146–150
exchange program. Seeexperts, exchange programs
Health Committee, 81, 84–100, 129
statistical standards. Seestatistics, statistical standards
Japan, withdrawal from, 96
Li Jinghan (Lee Ching-Han), 124
Li Tingan (Lee Ting-An), 70
Liang Guangqi (Liang Kuang-Ch’i, K. C. Liang), 184–185, 194–197
Lim, Robert, 73
Lin Jingcheng, 139
Liu Ruiheng (J. Heng Liu), 129–132, 167
Louis, Pierre-Charles Alexandre, 2
Mahler, Halfdan, 181
Mao Zedong, 202, 215–218
Marxism, 78, 210
medical care, 143
birth control, 126, 154, 174
cost of, 112, 124, 151, 189
first aid, 124, 134
health insurance. Seepublic health and policy-making, health insurance
hospitals, 115, 123, 132
traditional, 124, 206–208
vaccination. Seevaccination
Western, 207
medical science
bacteriology and bacteriologists, 20, 26, 31–35, 46, 81, 129, 133, 140
bacteriological attack (alleged), 213
biochemistry and biochemists, 73
biometry. Seestatistics, biometry
biostatistics. Seestatistics; epidemiology
germ theory, 32
parasitology and parasitologists, 133, 140
pathology and pathologists, 32, 59, 96
physiology and physiologists, 73
research. Seepublic health institutes and universities
medical staff, 138, 173, 190
doctors, 63, 91, 103, 124, 169
midwives, 64
nurses, 63, 66, 67, 121, 191
sanitary inspectors, 74
statistical investigators, 138
village health workers, 124, 127, 139
Merrell, Margaret, 55
Methorst, Henri, 89
Mexico, 94
Milbank, Albert, 24, 30, 25–32
Milbank Memorial Fund. Seephilanthropy, Milbank Memorial Fund
missionaries, 35–39, 59
Miyajima, Mikinosuke, 96
Mongolia, 206
Netherlands, the, 90, 98, 150
Amsterdam, 105
Central Statistical Bureau, 89
Newsholme, Sir Arthur, 25, 60
Nicholls, Lucius, 163
Nicoll Jr., Matthias, 117
North Korea, 206
Korean War, 213–215
official data registration
birth, reporting of, 63, 160
burial, permission for, 64–66
census records, 48, 53, 76, 94
civil, 138, 171
clerks, 44, 63, 69, 71, 192
cost of, 114, 115, 135
death certificates, 93, 155, 160, 169
death, reporting of. Seestatistics, statistical standards, ICD
hospital records, 48, 72, 160
hospitals. Seemedical care, hospitals
household, 168
Palmer, Carroll, 198
Park, C. L., 104–106
Parker, Sylvia Louise, 51
Parran, Thomas, 55, 153
Pascua, Marcelino, 56, 158
Pasteur, Louis, 32, 34
Pasteur Institute. Seepublic health institutions and universities, Pasteur Institute
Pearl, Raymond, 39, 41–43, 46–52, 60, 71, 86–87, 89
Pearson, Karl, 20, 39, 47, 57, 86, 115, 210
chi-squared test. Seestatistics, mathematical, chi-squared test of significance
Penington, Alan, 193–194
philanthropy, 2, 9, 174
Association for Improving the Conditions of the Poor (AICP), 30, 112
Charity Association Society, 112
financial and technical support, 17, 22, 27
Golden Age of, 26
Milbank Memorial Fund, 18–21, 25–32, 29, 35–39, 86
health demonstrations and programs. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and progams
reports to, 127
Rockefeller Foundation, 4, 13, 18, 24, 27–37, 42–46, 50–52, 70–74, 78–79, 83–86, 112, 123, 131
China Medical Board, 33, 70, 72
fellowships, 70, 158, 184
General Education Board, 44
Institute for Medical Research, 24, 33
International Health Board (IHB), 28, 33, 37, 50, 82–88, 99
International Health Commission (IHC), 45
International Health Division (IHD), 56–62
PUMC. Seepublic health institutes and universities, PUMC
reports to, 55–62, 66, 125–128
Russell Sage Foundation, 30
Tilden Act, 26
YWCA, 59
Pletsch, D. J., 185, 188, 191, 196, 199
Poland, 78, 81, 98
Breslau, 32
independence, 34
Krakow, 34
National Institute of Hygiene, 34
Revolution (1905), 34
Powers, Leland E., 161
public health and policy-making, 140, 158, 223–228
control groups, 57, 119–120, 176, 186
crises, 2, 35
fieldwork. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs; statistics, statistical practices, data collection
global, 1, 173–201, 225
health demonstrations and programs, 5, 10, 20, 37, 39, 44, 109–142, 173, 194
American South, 28
Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use in Developing Countries, 7
Cattaraugus County, NY, 30, 36, 115, 123
Ding Xian (Ting Hsien), 21, 36, 38, 111, 121–132, 137–142, 219
Framingham, MA, 33, 112
Global Malaria Eradication Program (GMEP), 174–179, 183–186, 187
Hunan, 59
Italy, 57
Jiangning county, 130, 135, 137–139
Jurong, 138
Taiwan, 173–175
Tangshan, 130, 138
health insurance, 30, 112
Metropolitan Life Insurance, 113
health systems, 4, 7, 14, 17, 32, 53, 62, 101, 107, 110, 124, 129
International Sanitary Convention, 98, 147–149, 155
International Sanitary Regulations (1926), 104
Medical Research Council (MRC), 41, 182
nutrition, 31, 39, 140, 174
quarantine. Seequarantine
vaccination. Seevaccination
Wage Earner’s Illness, 30
public health institutes and universities
Academia Sinica, 75, 171
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 32–33
Central University (Nanjing), 208, 215
Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery, 105
Fifth Military Medical University, 215
Harvard, 41, 70, 92, 207
Institute of Social Medicine (Zagreb), 131
Jagiellonian University, 34
Japanese Public Health Institute, 167
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (JHSPH), 31–33, 42–44, 59–62, 75–77, 79, 86, 92
alumni, 18, 89, 95, 132, 158–160, 170, 184, 196, 202, 208, 214
biostatistics department, 4, 20, 46–55, 52, 87, 112, 153
foundation of, 24
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 25, 41
National Taiwan University, 169
Pasteur Institute (Paris), 25, 34
Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), 14, 21, 25, 33, 36, 38, 42–44, 59–77, 74, 79, 101
alumni, 18, 111, 124, 180, 184, 202, 207
Royal Institute of Public Health (London), 34
Second Military Medical University, 215
Shanghai First Medical School, 207, 208, 212–215, 219–220
Shanghai Medical College, 207
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 215
Taipei Imperial University, 184
University College London, 42, 86
University of Columbia, 44
University of Córdoba, 152
University of Maine, 48
University of Michigan, 36
University of Puerto Rico, 38
University of Washington, 226
Washington and Lee University, 36
Yale, 25, 120, 122
Yenching University, 73
Puffer, Ruth Rice, 159
Putnam, Persis, 28, 56–58
quarantine, 98, 100, 149, 163, 223
Rajchman, Ludwik, 24–25, 79–88, 96–98, 101–108, 130, 146, 152
Reed, Lowell J., 43, 48–57, 60, 71–72, 159
Reed-Frost model, 54
Rockefeller, John D., 24, 27, 30
Rockefeller Foundation. Seephilanthropy, Rockefeller Foundation
Roesle, Emile, 89
Rong Qirong (Winston Yung), 161, 164, 170
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 27
Rose, Wickliffe, 45, 61, 82–87
Rosenfeld, S., 91
rural health, 20, 113, 219
Cattaraugus County, NY. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs, Cattaraugus County, NY
Ding Xian. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs, Dingn Xian
Tangshan. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs, Tangshan
Russell, Frederick, 28, 56, 61, 72
Russia, 34, 78, 81, 103, 204
Bolshevik Revolution, 78
Soviet, 34, 150, 166, 202
influence on China. Seeexperts, Soviet
White, 82, 204
withdrawal from the WHO, 165
Sawyer, Wilbur, 143–144, 148
Siam (Thailand), 117
Singapore, 104, 170
Japanese occupation of, 99
Snow, John, 2, 209
Soper, Fred, 56
South Africa, 182
Spain, 117
statistics
Big Data, 1, 227
biometry, 41, 47, 52, 59, 87
demographic
age, 89, 132
fruit flies, research conducted upon, 48
life expectancy, 62, 226
population, 89
sex, 89, 128, 132
disability-adjusted life year (DALY) index, 226
epidemics. Seeepidemics
health economics, 6, 226
influence on policy-making. Seepublic health and policy-making
International Statistical Institute (ISI), 79, 89, 93–94
mathematical
chi-squared test of significance, 57, 72, 115, 120, 220
correlation, 38, 42, 58, 72
probability, 53, 72, 73, 115
sampling, 50, 53, 58, 71, 115, 156, 188, 210, 213
official. Seeoffical data registration
questionable, 70, 127, 130, 214
reproductive
abortion, 155
infant mortality, 80, 92, 135
marriage, 88, 211
stillbirth, 89, 95, 155
research. Seepublic health institutes and universities
selective use of, 10, 17, 20, 22, 69, 118, 181, 197
socialist, 209–215
statistical practices, 9, 17, 63, 66, 123–127, 140, 150–154
benchmarking, 186–194
circulation of, 4, 39, 55, 84–93, 145
control groups. Seepublic health and policy-making, control groups
curve-fitting, 48, 47–49, 52, 60, 223
data collection, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30–33, 36, 43, 46, 58, 60, 79, 88, 91, 105–108, 110–112, 122–127, 132–142, 173–201
dissemination, 1, 5, 31, 153
institutionalization of, 25
language of, 8, 40, 43, 59, 80, 173, 176, 183, 197, 225
manuals and textbooks, 48, 60, 177, 208, 212, 215, 219
statistical standards, 17, 24, 64, 92, 107, 158–160, 159, 173–201
Bertillon’s list, 93, 148
‘Chinese list’, 63–66, 132
conferences to revise the ICD, 95, 155
‘Indian list’, 65
International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 3
International List of Causes of Death (ICD), 43, 49, 86, 90, 93–95, 151–158, 169
International Sanitary Regulations (later International Health Regulations), 3
‘Japanese list’, 65
‘Scandinavian list’, 90, 95
teaching of, 46–55, 60, 73, 77, 219
technologies, 72
counting and sorting machines, 71, 192
punch-cards, 178–180, 178
trust in, 28, 41, 67, 145, 158, 222
vital and health, 5, 28, 31, 41, 49, 60, 64, 73, 84, 123, 133, 211
birth rates, 2, 44, 53, 63–66, 70, 80–81, 88, 92, 112, 122, 126, 132–139, 168, 211
death rates, 2, 44, 47, 53, 63–71, 80–81, 88, 109, 112–115, 117, 119–123, 126, 132–139, 168, 211, 217
infant mortality. Seestatistics, reproductive, infant mortality
stillbirth. Seestatistics, reproductive, stillbirth
Stouman, Knud (Stowman), 82, 90–93, 147, 162
Swaroop, Satya, 1, 158, 175–178
Sweden, 207
Switzerland, 90, 149
Sydenstricker, Edgar, 21, 30, 35–39, 49, 85–90, 93, 95, 106, 111, 118–124, 142, 155–160
Syria, 180
Taiwan, 13–15, 164, 173–201
Academia Sinica. Seepublic health institutes and universities, Academia Sinica
Chishan, 183–186, 187
Kaoshu, 199
National Taiwan University, 169
Provincial Health Administration, 167
Republic of China (ROC), exiled to, 22, 164, 205
Taipei Tuberculosis Control Center, 184, 191–194, 198
Taiwan Malaria Research Institute (TMRI), 184–191, 194
White Terror, 191
Tao Rongjin (T’ao Jung-Chin), 173, 184, 192–197
trade
international, 3
maritime, 102, 164
treaty ports. SeeChina, treaty ports
War Trade Board, 48
Truman, Harry, 38
Turkey, 82
Ukraine, 81, 204
United Arab Republic, 179
United Kingdom, 90, 92, 95, 98, 103, 150, 153
Liverpool, 105
London, 87, 105
Ministry of Health, 84
United Nations (UN), 144, 202
membership of, 156, 224
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 4, 9, 13, 18, 22, 142, 143–172, 224
Epidemiological Information Bureau, 147, 163
Security Council, 15
Social Affairs, 56
Statistical Office, 154
UNICEF, 180, 183, 186, 193
United States of America, 94, 150
American Association for Labor Legislation, 30, 112
Baltimore, 105
Bureau of Tabulation and Statistics, 48
Census Bureau, 53, 94
county health organizations, 45
Food Administration, 47
Immigration Commission, 37
Korean War, 213–215
Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, 47, 51
National Tuberculosis Association, 113
New Deal, 27
New Orleans, 105
New York State, 111, 114–117, 123, 141
Albany, 71
Cattaraugus County. Seepublic health and policy-making, health demonstrations and programs, Cattaraugus County, NY
New York, 39, 45, 66, 105, 149
Pittsburgh Survey, 30
Progressive Era, 26–31
Public Health Service (USPHS), 24, 30, 37, 49, 52, 86, 118, 131, 153, 181, 198
Puerto Rico, 37, 181
Social Security Act (9135), 56
Tilden Act, 26
Truman Doctrine, 165
USSR. SeeRussia, Soviet
vaccination, 32, 99, 112, 133, 137, 207
BCG, 12, 58, 91, 179–183, 188, 192
smallpox, 164
wartime, 15
Versailles, Treaty of, 78
Vietnam, 206
Villermé, Louis René, 2
Warren, B. S., 37
Watson, Robert, 196
Welch, William, 24–25, 43, 46
Whipple, George, 48
White, Norman, 96–100, 97, 107
Whitney, Miss, 116, 119
Winslow, C. E. A., 25, 120, 142
World Bank, 226
World Health Organization (WHO), 1, 4, 7–13, 17–22, 75, 80, 143–172, 159, 173–201, 178, 224–226
Alma-Ata Declaration, 201, 203
Bulletin. Seejournals and periodicals, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
China, withdrawal from, 202–206
Committee on Epidemiology and Quarantine, 150, 163
Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, 157
Expert Committee on Health Statistics, 155–160
Expert Committee on Malaria, 177, 179, 194, 199
Expert Committee on Tuberculosis, 182
foundation of, 145, 164
ICD centers, 156, 157
Interim Commission (WHOIC), 144, 148–155
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, 158
membership fee, 167, 204
Regional Office for the Americas, 157
Soviet Russia, withdrawal from, 165
Tuberculosis Research Office, 180
Western Pacific Regional Office, 160, 170, 195, 198
World Health Assembly (1948), 155, 180
World Health Assembly (1952), 109
World Health Assembly (1969), 179
Wu Liande (Wu Lien-Teh), 105
Xu Shijin (Hsu Shih-Chin), 65, 127, 132–139, 208, 211, 218–222
Xue Zhongsan, 214–215, 222
Yang Guoliang, 212
Yen, James, 121–122, 127–129, 142
Young, Edward B. (Yang Tingguang, Yang Ting-Kwong), 105
Yuan Shikai, 59
Yuan Yijin (Yüan I-Chin, I. C. Yuan), 21, 43, 71–76, 164, 171, 180
Yugoslavia, 153
Zeiner-Henriksen, Truls, 179
Zhu De, 214

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  • Index
  • Yi-Tang Lin, Université de Genève
  • Book: Statistics and the Language of Global Health
  • Online publication: 27 October 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108991339.011
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  • Index
  • Yi-Tang Lin, Université de Genève
  • Book: Statistics and the Language of Global Health
  • Online publication: 27 October 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108991339.011
Available formats
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  • Index
  • Yi-Tang Lin, Université de Genève
  • Book: Statistics and the Language of Global Health
  • Online publication: 27 October 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108991339.011
Available formats
×