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from Section II - Ecosystem structure and function
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
A major characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems is element cycles. We first discuss different modes of cycling based on the nature of the participating processes. Cycling is then presented for two different scales – local and global, respectively. The following elements are treated in detail: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfur. Cycling in a temperate Norway spruce forest gives an insight into details and a comparison of cycling characteristics of ecosystems of major biomes in different climates – arctic, boreal, temperate and tropical – provides the broad picture. Major methods for measuring the different elements are also presented.
A major function in terrestrial ecosystems is the cycling of nutrients or mineral elements. A number of processes are responsible for the gradual changes in organic and inorganic materials, which eventually lead to the release of elements in forms that can be taken up by plants; thus maintaining the production of plant matter and sustaining life for other organisms in the ecosystem. Components of these cycles were discussed in Chapters 6 and 7 in relation to plant growth and soil organic matter turnover. Here we will consider the complete cycles of the major elements.
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