Summary

1. Reliable quantitative comparisons of living and fossil Theropithecus with other primates require attention to non-linear scaling effects of body size. With special reference to Old World monkeys, allometric scaling analyses were conducted on (a) length of the upper cheek toothrow, (b) basal area of the upper canine, (c) sexual dimorphism in body weight, and (d) brain size.

2. Papio and Theropithecus both have relatively long cheek toothrows in comparison to other Old World monkeys, whereas colobine monkeys have relatively short toothrows. Because Papio and Theropithecus have comparatively large cheek teeth, associated with relatively long jaw length and overall skull length, the use of craniodental dimensions for the inference of body weight in fossil Theropithecus is problematic. It is hence preferable to apply scaling formulae determined exclusively for members of the baboon group (Mandrillus, Papio, Theropithecus) for this purpose (e.g. Dechow, 1983).

3. Relative to the general scaling relationship for Old World monkeys, there is no evidence of reduction of overall canine size in extant Theropithecus. Appropriate scaling studies are required to determine whether there has been reduction in relative size of the canines in fossil Theropithecus, as has been claimed. Modern Theropithecus show an interesting sexual difference: females have strikingly slender canines, relative to body size, in comparison to males and in comparison to other Old World monkeys. But canine length has not been reduced in female Theropithecus in comparison to other Old World monkeys. It remains to be determined whether this marked sexual difference in relative calibre of the canines also applies to fossil Theropithecus.

4. […]