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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
In the second volume of Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, published in 1902, the following is given as the entry for the concept “unconscious”:
Unconscious (the, philosophy of): Ger. Philosophie des Unbewussten. The metaphysical system of E. v. Hartmann, by whom the absolute principle is called “the Unconscious.”
“According to v. Hartmann (Philos. d. Unbewussten, 3) the unconscious is the absolute principle, active in all things, the force which is operative in the inorganic, organic, and mental alike, yet not revealed in consciousness (ibid., 365). It is the unity of unconscious presentation and will (ibid., 380) of the logical (idea) and the alogical (will). The unconscious exists independently of space, time, and individual existence, timeless before the being of the world (ibid., 376). For us it is unconscious, in itself it is superconscious (überbewusst)” (Eisler, Wörterb. d. philos. Begriffe, “Unbewusst”).
This is both a succinct summary of Eduard von Hartmann's leading ideas, and an index of his remarkable historical success − the relevant volume of the Dictionary was published thirty-four years after the appearance of the first edition of the Philosophy of the Unconscious (Philosophie des Unbewussten) in 1868, and at a time when unconscious ideas and inferences had a well-established place in psychology, yet Baldwin allows the concept of the unconscious to be identified exclusively with Hartmann's conception of it.
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