Skip to main content

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
Cancel
×
×
Home
  • Home
Chapter
  • Print publication year: 2016
  • Online publication date: June 2016

10 - Modelling Leaf and Canopy Photosynthesis

from Section Three - Modelling
Export citation
Summary

Introduction

Physiological responses to a changing environment have been intensely studied in the past decade at all spatial levels, from sub-cellular and leaf-scales through to regional and global scales. Simulation models of physiological processes in response to environmental factors are the basis of the study of the interactions between plant and environment, such as the effects of global warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on vegetation. Such models also investigate the role that plant cover plays in determining patterns and rates of climate change (i.e. the feedbacks between plant cover and climate). Leaf-scale studies are the starting point of any examination of interactions between vegetation and atmosphere but the understanding of the feedbacks between leaf and atmosphere constitute the building blocks in modelling processes at larger scales through up-scaling (Norman 1993, Jarvis 1995).

The biophysical and physiological processes at leaf-scales may be summarised as radiation exchange, heat and water transfer, physiological regulation and biochemical reactions (Fig. 10.1). Plants can alters these processes in response to changes in environmental drivers, including solar radiation, temperature, humidity and soil water and nutrient contents, as well as CO2 concentration. Thus:

(1) Energy exchange: solar radiation is the key input of leaf energy balances which drive transpiration, in addition to it being the energy source for photosynthesis. The net radiation balance of a leaf is partitioned into sensible heat by heat conductance and turbulent transfer and latent heat by transpiration. Leaf temperature, as determined by leaf energy balance, influences the biochemical reaction rates of all photosynthetic processes and thereby the photosynthetic rate. Leaf temperature determines the leaf's emission of long-wave radiation and also determines the saturated water vapour pressure in the sub-stomatal cavity (Chapter 2). Consequently leaf temperature influences stomatal conductance and transpiration.

(2) Mass flow: CO2 and water vapour pass into and out of stomatal pores respectively. The CO2 flux and water vapour transfer are determined by stomatal conductance, boundary layer conductance and differences of CO2 and vapour pressure between the sub-stomatal cavity and ambient air. In these processes, there are complex interactions between photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration.

(3) Physiological regulation and biochemical reactions: Stomatal regulation is based on complex physiological processes that are regulated by light and water availability, CO2 concentration, as well as the hormone ABA. Photosynthesis is influenced by solar radiation, leaf temperature and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci).

Recommend this book

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection.

Vegetation Dynamics
  • Online ISBN: 9781107286221
  • Book DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107286221
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to *

CAPTCHA *

Skip to the audio challenge
×
Amthor, JS, (1994). Scaling CO2-photosynthesis relationships from the leaf to the canopy. Photosynthesis Research 39(3), 321–350.
Baldocchi, D, (1992). A lagrangian random-walk model for simulating water-vapor, CO2 and sensible heat-flux densities and scalar profiles over and within a soybean canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 61(1–2), 113–144.
Berry, J and Raison, JJ, (1981). Responses of macrophytes to temperature. In: Lange, OL, Nobel, PS, Osmond, CB, Ziegher, H. (eds.) Physiological plant ecology I. Responses to the physical environment, Vol. 12A. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Bjorkman, O, Badger, MR and Armond, PA, (1980). Responses and adaptation to high temperature. In: Turner, NC and Kramer, PJ (eds.), Adaptation of plants to water and high temperature stress. Wiley, New York, pp. 233–249.
Brooks, A and Farquhar, GD, (1985). Effect of temperature on the CO2/O2 specificity of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase and the rate of respiration in the light–estimates from gas-exchange measurements on Spinach. Planta 165(3), 397–406.
Cannell, MGR and Thornley, JHM, (1998). Temperature and CO2 responses of leaf and canopy photosynthesis: A clarification using the non-rectangular hyperbola model of photosynthesis. Annals of Botany 82(6), 883–892.
Chew, KL, Langtry, T, Zinder, Y, Yu, Q and Li, LH, (2012). Estimation of biochemical parameters from leaf photosynthesis. ANZIAM Journal 53, C218–C235.
Collatz, GJ, Ball, JT, Grivet, C and Berry, JA, (1991). Physiological and environmental-regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration–a model that includes a laminar boundary-layer. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 54(2–4), 107–136.
Collatz, GJ, Berry, JA, Farquhar, GD and Pierce, J, (1990). The relationship between the Rubisco reaction-mechanism and models of photosynthesis. Plant Cell and Environment 13(3), 219–225.
Cowan, IR, (1977). Stomatal behaviour and environment. Advances in Botanical Research 4, 117–228.
Demmig-Adams, B and Adams, WW, (1992). Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 43, 599–626.
Demmig-Adams, B, Winter, K, Kruger, A and Czygan, FC, (1989). Zeaxanthin synthesis, energy dissipation and photoprotection of photosystem II at chilling temperatures. Plant Physiology 90(3), 894–898.
Demmig, B and Bjorkman, O, (1987). Comparison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence (77k) and photon yield of O2 evolution in leaves of higher-plants. Planta 171(2), 171–184.
Edwards, GE and Baker, NR, (1993). Can CO2 assimilation in maize leaves be predicted accurately from chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Photosynthesis Research 37(2), 89–102.
Farquhar, GD, Caemmerer, SV and Berry, JA, (1980). A biochemical-model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C-3 species. Planta 149(1), 78–90.
Fitter, AH and Hay, RKM, (1987). Environmental physiology of plants. Academic Press.
Flerchinger, GN, Baker, JM and Spaans, EJA, (1996). A test of the radiative energy balance of the SHAW model for snowcover. Hydrological Processes 10(10), 1359–1367.
Friend, AD, Stevens, AK, Knox, RG and Cannell, MGR, (1997). A process-based, terrestrial biosphere model of ecosystem dynamics (Hybrid v3.0). Ecological Modelling 95(2–3), 249–287.
Goudriaan, J, Laar, HH van, Keulen, H van and Louwerse, W, (1985). Photosynthesis, CO2 and plant production. In: Day, W and Atkin, RK (ed.), Wheat Growth and Modelling. Plenum Press, New York.
Greer, DH, Berry, JA and Bjorkman, O, (1986). Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in intact bean-leaves–role of light and temperature and requirement for chloroplast-protein synthesis during recovery. Planta 168(2), 253–260.
Greer, DH and Laing, WA, (1988a). Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in intact Kiwifruit (Actinidia-Deliciosa) leaves–effect of light during growth on photoinhibition and recovery. Planta 175(3), 355–363.
Greer, DH and Laing, WA, (1988b). Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in intact Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) leaves–recovery and its dependence on temperature. Planta 174(2), 159–165.
Gu, LH, Fuentes, JD, Shugart, HH, Staebler, RM and Black, TA, (1999). Responses of net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide to changes in cloudiness: Results from two North American deciduous forests. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 104(D24), 31421–31434.
Hall, AE, (1979). Model of leaf photosynthesis and respiration for predicting carbon-dioxide assimilation in different environments. Oecologia 43(3), 299–316.
Harley, PC and Tenhunen, JD, (1991). Modeling the photosynthetic response of C3 leaves to environmental factors. In: Boote, KJ and Loomis, RS (eds.), Modeling Crop Photosynthesis: from Biochemistry to Canopy. Special publication of the American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 17–39.
Harley, PC, Thomas, RB, Reynolds, JF and Strain, BR, (1992). Modeling photosynthesis of cotton grown in elevated CO2. Plant Cell and Environment 15(3), 271–282.
Jarvis, PG, (1995). Scaling processes and problems. Plant Cell and Environment 18(10), 1079–1089.
Johnson, IR and Thornley, JHM, (1984). A model of instantaneous and daily canopy photosynthesis. Journal of Theoretical Biology 107(4), 531–545.
Jordan, DB and Ogren, WL, (1981). A sensitive assay procedure for simultaneous determination of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate carboxylase and oxygenase a. Plant Physiology 67(2), 237–245.
Kao, WY and Forseth, IN, (1992). Responses of gas-exchange and phototropic leaf orientation in soybean to soil-water availability, leaf water potential, air-temperature and photosynthetic photon flux. Environmental and Experimental Botany 32(2), 153–161.
Leuning, R, (1995). A critical-appraisal of a combined stomatal-photosynthesis model for C-3 plants.Plant Cell and Environment 18(4), 339–355.
Long, SP, Humphries, S and Falkowski, PG, (1994). Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45, 633–662.
Nikolov, NT, Massman, WJ and Schoettle, AW, (1995). Coupling biochemical and biophysical processes at the leaf level–an equilibrium photosynthesis model for leaves of C-3 plants. Ecological Modelling 80(2–3), 205–235.
Norman, J, (1993). Scaling processes between leaf and canopy level. In: Ehleringer, JR and Field, CB (eds.) Scaling physiological processes. Scaling Physiological Processes. Academic Press, London.
Ogren, E and Sjostrom, M, (1990). Estimation of the effect of photoinhibition on the carbon gain in leaves of a willow canopy. Planta 181(4), 560–567.
Pisek, A, Larcher, W, Veges, A and Nap-Zin, K, (1973). The normal temperature range. In: Precht, H, Christopherson, J, Hensel, H and Larcher, W (eds.), Temperature and life. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 102–194.
Powles, SB, (1984). Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible-light. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 35, 15–44.
Sands, PJ, (1995). Modeling canopy production: 2. from single-leaf photosynthetic parameters to daily canopy photosynthesis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22(4), 603–614.
Sellers, PJ, Berry, JA, Collatz, GJ, Field, CB and Hall, FG, (1992). Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. A reanalysis using improved leaf models and a new canopy integration scheme. Remote Sensing of Environment 42(3), 187–216.
Thornley, JHM, (1976). Mathematical models in plant physiology. London: Academic Press, 86–110.
Caemmerer, S Von and Farquhar, GD, (1981). Some relationships between the biochemistry of photosynthesis and the gas-exchange of leaves. Planta 153(4), 376–387.
Wang, YP and Leuning, R, (1998). A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 91(1–2), 89–111.
Xu, DQ and Shen, YG, (1997) Diurnal variations in the photosynthetic efficiency in plants. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica 23(4), 410–416.
Ye, Z, Suggett, JD, Robakowski, P, Kang, HJ, (2013). A mechanistic model for the photosynthesis-light response based on the photosynthetic electron transport of PS II in C3 and C4 species. New Phytologist, 199(1), 110–120.
Ye, Z and Yu, Q, (2008). A coupled model of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis for winter wheat. Photosynthetica 46(4), 637–640.
Ye, ZP, (2007). A new model for relationship between irradiance and the rate of photosynthesis in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica 45(4), 637–640.
Yu, Q, Goudriaan, J and Wang, TD, (2001). Modelling diurnal courses of photosynthesis and transpiration of leaves on the basis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses, including photoinhibition. Photosynthetica 39(1), 43–51.
Yu, Q, Liu, YF, Liu, JD and Wang, TD, (2002). Simulation of leaf photosynthesis of winter wheat on Tibetan Plateau and in North China Plain. Ecological Modelling 155(2–3), 205–216.
Cancel
Confirm
×