Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 December 2025
In the Preface I described how my study was overtaken by events. Three new cases of armed force arose during the research and writing of this book. Between indexing and copyediting, Israel and the US bombed Iran to destroy its facilities involved in producing enriched uranium for weapons. Iran retaliated by firing missiles at an American military base in Qatar. I did not include this new case in my book because it was ongoing, and when the fighting stopped, it was only possible to write a provisional case study. It was too soon to assess the extent to which the Israeli-American attacks had destroyed Iran’s nuclear facilities or merely inflicted damage that could, with some effort, be repaired. The Trump administration and the UN nuclear inspector are making diametrically opposed claims.
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