“Government, Women's Groups Decry Post-War Sexual Violence.” UN Integrated Regional Information Networks, 15 January 2007.

“Human Rights Problems Persist, Says UN Report.” 22 March 2007.

“Officials Adopt Legislation on Land, Property Ownership,” UN Integrated Regional Information Networks, 8 September 2006.

“Paper Hails Liberian Women for Holding Peace Talks Delegates ‘Hostage’.” Accra Mail, BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 24 July 2003.

“Speaker Wants Women Bill Passed – Proposes Citizens Political Covenant.” The News, 15 January 2003.

“Uganda Women to Form Lobby against War.” Africa Network News Bulletin 9 October 1996.

“UIA in New Push for Women Investors.” The Monitor, 21 June 2001.

“UN Informed About Government's Measures on Women (Angola).” Angola Press 12 March 2014.

“Violence against Women, Abandoning Female Genital Mutilation: The Role of National Parliaments.” African Parliamentary Conference. 2005.

“Women Want International Force Deployed …Concerned About Escalating Crisis.” The News (Monrovia), 4 April 2003.

“Women in Uganda Stage March for Peace,” Globe and Mail 7 September 1985.

“Women, Speaker Fuss over Appointment …As WIPNET Presents Position to Lawmakers.” The News 17, April 2003.

Abbas, Sara. “The Sudanese Women's Movement and the Mobilisation for the 2008 Legislative Quota and Its Aftermath.” IDS Bulletin 41.5 (2010): 100–08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abdi, Hawa, and Robbins, Sarah J.. Keeping Hope Alive: One Woman, 90,000 Lives Changed. New York: Grand Central Pub., 2013.Google Scholar

Action Against Hunger. Food Security Assessment Gulu IDP Camps, 2003.

Abdullah, Hussaina J., and Fofana-Ibrahim, Aisha. “The Meaning and Practice of Women's Empowerment in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone.” Development 53.2 (2010): 259–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abdullahi, Abdurahman M. “Women and the Constitutional Debate in Somalia.” Unpublished paper. 2009.

Abramowitz, Sharon, and Moran, Mary H.. “International Human Rights, Gender-Based Violence, and Local Discourses of Abuse in Post-conflict Liberia: A Problem of “Culture”?” African Studies Review 55.2 (2012): 119–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ahmed, Leila. “Feminism and Feminist Movements in the Middle East, a Preliminary Exploration: Turkey, Egypt, Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen’.” Women's Studies International Forum 5.2 (1982): 153–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Akallo, Grace, and McDonnell, Faith J. H.. Girl Soldier: A Story of Hope for Northern Uganda's Children. Grand Rapids, MI: Chosen, 2007.Google Scholar

Akello, Grace. Self Twice-Removed: Ugandan Women (Change (UK) International Reports: Women and Society)London: CHANGE International 1982.Google Scholar

Akesson, Lisa. Angola Country Gender Analysis: Prepared for the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), Luanda, Angola, 1992.Google Scholar

Ali, Nada Mustafa. Gender and Statebuilding in South Sudan. Washington. DC: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2011.Google Scholar

All-Party Burundi Women's Peace Conference. Final Declaration. Arusha. 2000.

Amnesty International. Sierra Leone: Women Face Human Rights Abuses in the Informal Legal Sector. Amnesty International, 2006.

Amony, Evelyn, and Baines, Erin (editor). I Am Evelyn Amony: Reclaiming My Life from the Lord's Resistance Army. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Amundsen, Inge, and Abreu, Cesaltina. Civil Society in Angola: Inroads, Space and Accountability. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2006.Google Scholar

Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi. “Translating Global Agreement into National and Local Commitments.” Women and War: Power and Protection in the 21st Century. Eds. Kuehnast, Kathleen R., de Jonge Oudraat, Chantal, and Hernes, Helga Maria. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2011. 19–36.Google Scholar

Anderson, Miriam. “Considering Local Versus International Norms on Women's Rights in Contemporary Peace Processes.” Presented at Conference on Gender, Peace and Security: Local Interpretations of International Norms. Davis Institute, Hebrew University, Israel. 2010.Google Scholar

Anderson, Miriam J., and Swiss, Liam. “Peace Accords and the Adoption of Electoral Quotas for Women in the Developing World, 1990–2006.” Politics & Gender 10 (2014): 33–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aning, Emmanuel Kwesi. “Women and Civil Conflict: Liberia and Sierra Leone.” African Journal of International Affairs 1.2 (1998): 45–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ankrah, Maxine E. “Conflict: The Experience of Ugandan Women in Revolution and Reconstruction.” Unpublished paper. 1987.

Annan, Jeannie, Blattman, Christopher, Mazurana, Dyan, and Carlson, Khristopher. “Civil War, Reintegration, and Gender in Northern Uganda.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 55.6 (2011): 877–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arabi, Asha. “‘In Power without Power’: Women in Politics and Leadership Positions in South Sudan.” Hope, Pain & Patience: The Lives of Women in South Sudan. Eds. Bubenzer, Friederike and Stern, Orly. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana Media, 2011.Google Scholar

Association for Women's Rights in Development. Association of Women in Development 2011 Global Survey: Where Is the Money for Women's Rights? 2011.

Autesserre, Severine. “Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and Their Unintended Consequences.” African Affairs 111.443 (2012): 202–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

AWPSG, African Women and Peace Support Group. Liberian Women Peacemakers. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2004.

Ayiera, Eva. “Sexual Violence in Conflict: A Problematic International Discourse.” Feminist Africa 14 (2010): 7–20.Google Scholar

Badmus, Isiaka Alani. “Explaining Women's Roles in the West African Tragic Triplet: Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte D'Ivoire in Comparative Perspective.” Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences 1.3 (2009): 808–39.Google Scholar

Bainomugisha, A. “The Empowerment of Women.” Uganda's Age of Reforms: A Critical Overview. Ed. Mugaju, Justus. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 1999.Google Scholar

Ball, Jennifer. In Their Own Voices: Learning from Women Peacebuilders in Uganda. Guelph, ON: University of Guelph, 2009.Google Scholar

Banda, Fareda. Women, Law and Human Rights: An African Perspective. Oxford; Portland, OR: Hart Publishing, 2005.Google Scholar

Bannerman, Lucy. “We Are Women, Hear Us Roar.” Time Magazine 12 January 2008.

Barnes, Catherine. Owning the Process: Mechanisms for Political Participation of the Public in Peacemaking. London: Conciliation Resources, 2002.Google Scholar

Bashir, Halima, and Lewis, Damien. Tears of the Desert: A Memoir of Survival in Darfur. New York: One World Ballantine Books, 2008.Google Scholar

Bath, Tony. “Civil Society Take Maternal Mortality Fight to Supreme Court.” URN 20 September 2013.

Bauer, Gretchen, and Britton, Hannah Evelyn. Women in African Parliaments. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006.Google Scholar

Bauer, Gretchen, and Burnet, Jennie E.. “Gender Quotas, Democracy, and Women's Representation in Africa: Some Insights from Democratic Botswana and Autocratic Rwanda.” Women's Studies International Forum 41.2(2013): 103–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bauer, Gretchen. “‘What Is Wrong with a Woman Being Chief?’ Women Chiefs and Symbolic and Substantive Representation in Botswana.” Journal of Asian and African Studies: August 21 (2014).

Bauer, Jacqui. “Women and the 2005 Election in Liberia.” Journal of Modern African Studies 47.2 (2009): 193–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beah, Ishmael. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.Google Scholar

Beckwith, Karen. “Gendered Competitive Interaction and Women's Executive Electoral Success.” Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. 2009.

Bell, Christine, and O'Rourke, Catherine. “Does Feminism Need a Theory of Transitional Justice? An Introductory Essay.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 1.1 (2007): 23–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Belloni, Roberto. “Civil Society and Peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Journal of Peace Research 38.2 (2001): 163–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benderly, Jill. “A Women's Place Is at the Peace Table.” SAIS Review 20.2 (2000): 79–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bennett, Elizabeth. “Rwanda Strides Towards Gender Equality in Government.” Kennedy School Review (2014).

Bennett, T. W., and Vermeulen, T.. “Codification of Customary Law.” Journal of African Law 24.2 (1980): 206–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Binder, Christina, Lukas, Karin, and Schweiger, Romana. “Empty Words or Real Achievement? The Impact of Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women in Armed Conflicts.” Radical History Review 101 (2008): 22–41.Google Scholar

Birabiro, Meti. Blue Daughter of the Red Sea: A Memoir. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Black, Renee. “Mainstreaming Resolution 1325? Evaluating the Impact on Security Council Resolution 1325 on Country-Specific UN Resolutions.” Journal of Military and Strategic Studies 11.4 (2009): 1–30.Google Scholar

Böhme, Jeannette. Literature Research on the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325. Berlin, Germany: Heinrich Böll Stiftung, 2011.Google Scholar

Bouta, Tsjeard, Bannon, Ian, and Frerks, Georg. Gender, Conflict, and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2005.Google Scholar

Boyd, Rosalind. “Empowerment of Women in Contemporary Uganda: Real or Symbolic?” Labour, Capital and Society 22.1 (1989).Google Scholar

Boye, Abd-el K., Hill, Kathleen, Isaacs, Stephen, and Gordis, Deborah. “Marriage Law and Practice in the Sahel.” Studies in Family Planning 22.6 (1991): 343–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brassard, Geneviève. “From Private Story to Public History: Irene Rathbone Revises the War in the Thirties.” NWSA Journal (Special Issue: Gender and Modernism between the Wars, 1918–1939) 15.3 (2003): 43–63.Google Scholar

Britton, Hannah Evelyn. Women in the South African Parliament: From Resistance to Governance. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Bruthus, Lois Lewis. Expert Group Meeting On Gender Equality and Ensuring Participation of Women. Ottawa, Canada: United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), 2003.Google Scholar

Bumiller, Kristin. In an Abusive State: How Neoliberalism Appropriated the Feminist Movement against Sexual Violence. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Burnet, Jennie E. “Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” African Affairs 107.428 (2008): 361–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burnet, Jennie E.Genocide Lives in Us: Women, Memory, and Silence in Rwanda. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Burnet, Jennie E. “Women Have Found Respect: Gender Quotas, Symbolic Representation, and Female Empowerment in Rwanda.” Politics & Gender 7.3 (2011): 303–34.Google Scholar

Bush, Sarah Sunn. “International Politics and the Spread of Quotas for Women in Legislatures.” International Organization 65.1 (2011): 103–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Busharizi, Paul, and Emasu, Alice. “Tilting the Balance.” Women's Vision (1995): 1.

Caesar, Ruth, Garlo, Cerue Konah, Nagarajan, Chitra and Schoofs, Steven. “Implementing Resolution 1325 in Liberia: Reflections of Women's Associations.” International Alert, IFP GenderCluster, 2010.

Campbell, Horace. Militarism, Warfare, and the Search for Peace in Angola: The Contribution of Angolan Women. Pretoria: African Institute of South Africa. 2001.Google Scholar

Campbell-Nelson, Karen. Liberia Is Not Just a Man-Thing: Transitional Justice Lessons for Women, Peace and Security. London: International Center for Transitional Justice. 2008.Google Scholar

Candia, Steven. “Ugandan Appointed Interpol Boss for Africa.” New Vision 12 January 2012.

Carroll, Rory. “‘Everyone's Afraid of Her’.” The Guardian 23 August 2003.

Castillejo, Clare. Strengthening Women's Citizenship in the Context of State-Building: The Experience of Sierra Leone. Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE), 2008.Google Scholar

Chatham House. “Angola: Drivers of Change.” Civil Society. London: Chatham House, 2005.

Chibita, Monica Balya. “On God's Call.” Women's Vision 30 January 1996.

Chingwete, A., Richmond, S., and Alpin, C.. Support for African Women's Equality Rises: Education, Jobs & Political Participation Still Unequal. 2014, Afrobarometer.Google Scholar

Chishugi, Leah. A Long Way from Paradise: Surviving the Rwandan Genocide. London: Hachette Digital, Little, Brown Book Group, 2010.Google Scholar

Coalition for International Justice. Following Taylor's Money: A Path of War and Destruction. Washington, DC: Coalition for International Justice. 2005.

Cohen, Dara K., and Green, Amelia H.. “Dueling Incentives: Sexual Violence in Liberia and the Politics of Human Rights Advocacy.” Journal of Peace Research 49.3 (2012): 445–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, Paul, et al. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Washington, DC; Oxford: World Bank; Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Comerford, Michael G.The Peaceful Face of Angola: Biography of a Peace Process (1991 to 2002). Windhoek, Namibia: John Meinert Printing, 2005.Google Scholar

Conaway, Camille Pampell, and Shoemaker, Jolynn. Women in United Nations Peace Operations: Increasing the Leadership Opportunities. Washington, DC: Women in International Security, Georgetown University, 2008.Google Scholar

Connell, Raewyn. Gender. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Cooper, Barbara. “The Politics of Difference and Women's Associations in Niger: Of ‘Prostitutes,’ the Public and Politics.” Signs 20.4 (1995): 851–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cooper, Helene. The House at Sugar Beach: In Search of a Lost African Childhood. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.Google Scholar

Copelon, Rhonda. “Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women into International Criminal Law.” McGill Law Journal 46 (2000): 217–40.Google Scholar

Corrin, Chris. “Developing Democracy in Kosova: From Grass Roots to Government.” Women, Politics, and Change. Ed. Ross, Karen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 99–108.Google Scholar

D'Awol, Anyieth M. “‘Sibu Ana, Sibu Ana’ (‘Leave Me, Leave Me’): Survivors of Sexual Violence in South Sudan.” Hope, Pain & Patience: The Lives of Women in South Sudan. Eds. Bubenzer, Friederike and Stern, Orly. Auckland Park, South Africa: Fanele/Jacana Media, 2011. xxxi, 259p.Google Scholar

Dahlerup, Drude. Women, Quotas and Politics. New York: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar

Dallaire, Roméo. Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Dann, Philipp, and Al-Ali, Zaid. “The Internationalized Pouvoir Constituant – Constitution-Making under External Influence in Iraq, Sudan and East Timor.” Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 10. Eds. von Bogdandy, A. and Wolfrum, R.. Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill, 2006. 423–63.Google Scholar

Daoud, Zakya. Féminisme et Politique au Maghreb: Sept Décennies De Lutte. Casablanca: Editions Eddif, 1996.Google Scholar

Davies, Alberta. Raw Edge of Purgatory: I Survived the Liberian Pogrom. Xlibris, 2011.Google Scholar

de Watteville, Nathalie. Addressing Gender Issues in Demobilization and Reintegration Programs. World Bank, 2002.Google Scholar

Decker, Alicia C.In Idi Amin's Shadow: Women, Gender, and Militarism in Uganda. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Monrovia, Liberia: Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) Monrovia, Liberia. 2007. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Monrovia, Liberia. National AIDS Control Program Monrovia, Liberia. Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland, USA, 2007.

Denzer, LaRay. “Women in Freetown Politics, 1914–61: A Preliminary Study.” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 57.4 (1987): 439–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Devlin, Claire, and Elgie, Robert. “The Effect of Increased Women's Representation in Parliament: The Case of Rwanda.” Parliamentary Affairs 61.2 (2008): 237–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Diggs, Mwamini Thambwe Mwamba. The Untold Story of the Women and Children of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Analysis of Violence in Eastern DRC. Houston, TX: Strategic Book Publishing, 2012.

Dini, Shukria. Clan Leaders: Major Obstacle to Somali Women's Political Participation, 2012.

Dirasse, Laketch. “The Gender Dimension of Making Peace in Africa.” Disarmament Diplomacy 48. July (2000).

Disney, Jennifer. Women's Activism and Feminist Agency in Mozambique and Nicaragua. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Dolan, Kerry. “Daddy's Girl: How an African ‘Princess’ Banked $3 Billion in a Country Living on $2 a Day.” Forbes 2 September 2013.

Doyle, Michael W., and Sambanis, Nicholas. “International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis.” American Political Science Review 94.4 (2000): 779–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DPA, United Nations Department of Political Affairs. Women & Elections: Guide to Promoting the Participation of Women in Elections, 2004.

Duany, Julia Aker. Making Peace and Nurturing Life: An African Woman's Journey of Struggle and Hope. Bloomington, IN: 1st Books, 2003.Google Scholar

Ducados, Henda. “An All Men's Show? Angolan Women's Survival in the 30-Year War.” Agenda Feminist Media 43 (2000): 11–22.Google Scholar

Dukulé, Abdoulaye W. “Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Speaks on Governance, Elections and Other Issues (Interview).” The Perspective 6 May 2005.

Ebila, Florence. “Women Watering the Literary Desert.” The Women's Movement in Uganda. Eds. Tripp, Aili Mari and Kwesiga, Joy. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2002.Google Scholar

El-Bushra, Judy. “Fused in Combat: Gender Relations and Armed Conflict.” Development in Practice 13.2/3 (2003): 252–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elmi, Halimo. “Testimony 5.” Somalia–the Untold Story: The War through the Eyes of Somali Women. Eds. Gardner, Judith and El-Bushra, Judy. London; Sterling, VA: CIIR; Pluto Press; Catholic Institute for International Relations, 2004. 127–38.Google Scholar

Enloe, Cynthia. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives. Austin, TX: Women's International News Gathering Service, 2000.Google Scholar

Essof, Shereen. “She-Murenga: Challenges, Opportunities and Setbacks of the Women's Movement in Zimbabwe.” Feminist Africa. 4 (2005).Google Scholar

Fallon, Kathleen, Swiss, Liam, and Viterna, Jocelyn. “Resolving the Democracy Paradox: Democratization and Women's Legislative Representation in Developing Nations, 1975 to 2009.” American Sociological Review 77.3 (2012): 380–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farah, Ahmed Y., and Lewis, Ioan M.. Somalia, the Roots of Reconciliation: Peace Making Endeavors of Contemporary Lineage Leaders: A Survey of Grassroots Peace Conferences in Somaliland, 1993.

Fearon, James D., Humphreys, Macartan, and Weinstein, Jeremy M.. “Can Development Aid Contribute to Social Cohesion after Civil War? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia.” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings 99.2 (2009): 287–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Femmes Africa Solidarité. Peace Agreements as a Means for Promoting Gender Equality and Ensuring Participation of Women. 10–13 November 2003. United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW) Expert Group Meeting.

Fernando, Pacheco. “Civil Society in Angola: Fiction or Agent of Change?” Southern Africa. Civil Society, Politics and Donor Strategies Eds. Vidal, Nuno and Chabal, Patrick. Brussels & Luanda: Media XXI & Firmamento with Angolan Catholic University, University of Coimbra & Wageningen University, 2009. 123–34.Google Scholar

Forna, Aminatta. The Devil That Danced on the Water: A Daughter's Quest. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Fortna, Virginia Page. Peace Time: Cease-Fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Women's Landmarks in the Democratisation Process in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda, 1995.

Fuest, Veronika. “‘This Is the Time to Get in Front’: Changing Roles and Opportunities for Women in Liberia.” African Affairs 107.427 (2008): 201–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fuest, Veronika “Contested Inclusions: Pitfalls of NGO Peace-Building Activities in Liberia.” Afrika Spectrum 45.2 (2010): 3–33.Google Scholar

Galtung, Johann. “Preface.” Communication and Culture in War and Peace. Ed. Roach, C.London: Sage Publications, 1993.Google Scholar

Garland, David. The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Gayflor, Hon. Vabah. “Comments Made.” Women and Political Participation in Africa: Lessons from Southern and Eastern Africa. International IDEA, Abantu for Development, Centre Pour Gouvernance Democratique, Burkina Faso, 2005.Google Scholar

Gbowee, Leymah, and Mithers, Carol Lynn. Mighty Be Our Powers: How Sisterhood, Prayer, and Sex Changed a Nation at War: A Memoir. New York, London: Beast, 2011.Google Scholar

Geiser, Alexandra. Social Exclusion and Conflict Transformation in Nepal: Women, Dalit and Ethnic Groups. Swiss Peace, 2005.Google Scholar

Geisler, Gisela. “Sisters Under the Skin: Women and the Women's League in Zambia.” Journal of Modern African Studies 25.1 (1987): 43–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Geisler, Gisela G.Women and the Remaking of Politics in Southern Africa: Negotiating Autonomy, Incorporation and Representation. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004.Google Scholar

Gilbert, Sandra M. “Soldier's Heart: Literary Men, Literary Women, and the Great War.” Signs (Special issue: Women and Violence) 8.3 (1983): 422–50.Google Scholar

Gilman, Lisa. “Purchasing Praise: Women, Dancing, and Patronage in Malawi Party Politics.” Africa Today 48.4 (2001): 43–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glassmyer, Katherine, and Sambanis, Nicholas. “Rebel−Military Integration and Civil War Termination.” Journal of Peace Research 45.3 (2008): 365–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gleditsch, Kristian. “A Revised List of Wars between and within Independent States, 1816–2002.” International Interactions 30 (2004): 231–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Global Network of Women Peacebuilders. Women Count: Security Council Resolution 1325: Civil Society Monitoring Report. 2012.

Goetz, Anne-Marie. “No Shortcuts to Power: Constraints on Women's Political Effectiveness in Uganda.” Journal of Modern African Studies 40.4 (2002): 549–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goetz, Anne-Marie, and Hassim, Shireen. No Shortcuts to Power: African Women in Politics and Policy Making. Democratic Transition in Conflict-Torn Societies; V. 3. London: Zed Books, 2003.Google Scholar

Gogineni, Roopa. “Rwandan Parliament's Female Majority Focuses on Equality.” Voice of America 26 September 2013.

Goldstein, Joshua. Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide. New York: Dutton/Penguin, 2011.Google Scholar

Government of Liberia. State Party Report on the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Monrovia: Minister of Gender Development, 2008.

Government of Liberia. 2008. Poverty Reduction Strategy.

Government of Somalia. Implementation of The Beijing Platform for Action Beijing+20 Review: Somalia Country Report 2014, United Nations Committee on the Status of Women.

Government of South Sudan. National Evaluation Report on the Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) and the United Nations General Assembly (2000): South Sudan April 2014, United Nations Committee on the Status of Women.

Grill, Bartholomäus. “Culture in Angola: Luanda Is Luminous.” Website of the Goethe Institut, May 22, 2012. Accessed June 19, 2015, http://mucz-lbv-002.goethe.de/uun/bdu/en9329686.htm

Gray, L., and Kevane, M.. “Diminished Access, Diverted Exclusion: Women and Land Tenure in Sub-Saharan Africa.” African Studies Review 42.2 (1999): 15–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grobbelaar, Neuma, and Sidiropoulos, Elizabeth. Observer or Participant? The Role of Civil Society in Angola. Pretoria: South African Institute of International Affairs, 2002.Google Scholar

Guwatudde, Christine R. N. “Church Affiliated NGOs Addressing Rural Women in Uganda: A Case of Two Development Projects.” M.A. Development Studies, Institute of Social Studies, 1987.Google Scholar

Hari, Daoud. The Translator: A Tribesman's Memoir of Darfur. New York: Random House, 2008.Google Scholar

Hariir, Shukri. “Testimony 4.” Somalia–the Untold Story: The War through the Eyes of Somali Women. Eds. Gardner, Judith and El-Bushra, Judy. Sterling, VA: CIIR; Pluto Press; Catholic Institute for International Relations, 2004. 142–52.Google Scholar

Hassim, Shireen. “Terms of Engagement: South African Challenges.” Feminist Africa. 4 (2005): 10–28.Google Scholar

Heywood, Linda. “Angola and the Violent Years 1975–2008: Civilian Casualties.” Portuguese Studies Review 19.1–2 (2011): 311–32.Google Scholar

Hillier, Debbie, and Wood, Brian. Shattered Lives: The Case for Tough International Arms Control. London and Oxford: Amnesty International and Oxfam, 2003. http://controlarms.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Shattered-lives-the-case-for-tough-international-arms-control.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hogg, Carey Leigh. “Women's Political Representation in Post-Conflict Rwanda: A Politics of Inclusion or Exclusion?” Journal of International Women's Studies 11.3 (2009): 34–54.Google Scholar

Hughes, Melanie M. “Armed Conflict, International Linkages, and Women's Parliamentary Representation in Developing Nations.” Social Problems 56.1 (2009): 174–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hughes, Melanie, and Tripp, Aili Mari. “Civil War and Trajectories of Change in Women's Political Representation in Africa, 1985–2010.” Social Forces 93.4 (2015): 1513–1540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Human Rights Watch. Struggling to Survive: Barriers to Justice to Rape Victims in Rwanda. New York, 2004.

Human Security Centre. Human Security Report. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University, 2005.

Human Security Report Project. Human Security Report. Vancouver, BC: Human Security Report Project, Simon Fraser University, 2006.

I Am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban by Yousafzai, Malala (2013) New York: Little, Brown and Company.Google Scholar

Ibrahim, Jibrin. “The First Lady Syndrome and the Marginalisation of Women from Power: Opportunities or Compromises for Gender Equality?” Feminist Africa 3 (2004).Google Scholar

Ilibagiza, Immaculée, and Erwin, Steve. Left to Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc., 2006.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Norris, Pippa. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, Norris, Pippa, and Welzel, Chris. “Gender Equality and Democracy.” Comparative Sociology 1.3–4 (2002): 321–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

International Crisis Group. “Liberia: Resurrecting the Justice System.” Africa Report 107.6 (2006).

Interparliamentary Union. Women in Politics: 2015. www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/wmnmap15_en.pdf

Isse, Dahabo. “Testimony 6.” Somalia–the Untold Story: The War through the Eyes of Somali Women. Eds. Gardner, Judith and El-Bushra, Judy. Sterling, VA: CIIR; Pluto Press; Catholic Institute for International Relations, 2004. 179–89.Google Scholar

Itano, Nicole. “The Sisters-in-Arms of Liberia's War.” Christian Science Monitor 23 August 2003.

Iteka, Blaire Marcel. Mother in My Mind: Memoir of a Teen Girl in the Killing Fields of Africa. Amazon Digital Services, 2012.Google Scholar

Jacobs, Susie, Jacobson, Ruth, and Marchbank, Jennifer, eds. States of Conflict: Gender, Violence and Resistance. London and New York: Zed Books, 2000.Google Scholar

Jacobson, Ruth. “Mozambique and the Construction of Gendered Agency in War.” Women's Studies International Forum 29 (2006): 499–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jalalzai, Farida. “Women Rule: Shattering the Executive Glass Ceiling.” Politics & Gender 4.2 (2008): 205–31.Google Scholar

Jarkloh, Bill K. “Liberia: Gov't Stays Away from Peace Rally – as Women Vent out Anger.” The News 16 April 2003.

Jennings, Yves-Renée. The Impact of Gender Mainstreaming on Men: The Case of Liberia. PhD Dissertation, George Mason University, 2012.Google Scholar

Jetter, Alexis, Orleck, Annelise, and Taylor, Diana. The Politics of Motherhood: Activist Voices from Left to Right. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1997.Google Scholar

Jirira, Ona. “Gender, Politics and Democracy: Kuvaka Patsva (Reconstructing) the Discourse.” Safere 1.2 (1995): 1–29.Google Scholar

Johnson, K.Asher, J., Rosborough, S., Raja, A., Panjabi, R., Beadling, C., and Lawry, L.. “Association of Combatant Status and Sexual Violence with Health and Mental Health Outcomes in Postconflict Liberia.” Journal of the American Medical Association 300.6 (2008): 676–90.Google ScholarPubMed

Johnson Sirleaf, Ellen. This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa's First Woman President. New York: Harper, 2009.Google Scholar

Kabira, Wanjiku. Time for Harvest: Women and Constitution Making in Kenya. Nairobi: University of Nairobi Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Kafeero, Stephen. “Women Who Defined 2013.” The Independent 15 November 2013.

Kakwenzire, Joan. “Ugandan Women Suffer Discrimination.” New Vision 26 September 1990.

Kamara, Tom. “Carter's Sad Liberia Goodbye.” The Perspective 9 November 2000.

Kamara-Umunna, Agnes, and Holland, Emily. And Still Peace Did Not Come: A Memoir of Reconciliation. New York: Hyperion, 2011.Google Scholar

Kamau, Jean Njeri. Assessment Report on Women's Participation in the Peace Process: Mid-Decade Review of the Implementation of the Dakar and Beijing Platforms for Action in the African Region. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa, Sixth African Regional Conference on Women, 1999.Google Scholar

Kamau-Rutenberg, Wanjiru N., Feuding in the Family: Ethnic Politics and the Struggle for Women's Rights Legislation. PhD Dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 2008.Google Scholar

Kang, Alice. “Studying Oil, Islam and Women As If Political Institutions Mattered.” Politics & Gender 5.4 (2009): 560–68.Google Scholar

Kanyeihamba, G. W. “What Others Say.” Gender, Politics, and Constitution Making in Uganda. Ed. Matembe, Miria. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2002. 198–208.Google Scholar

Kapinga, Marithe. “Africa: Women in Congo Form Common Front for Peace.” Ms. Magazine 13.1 (2003): 25–26.Google Scholar

Karmo, Henry. “Liberian Women Hold Conference on Constitutional Review.” FrontPage Africa 6 June 2014.

Katumba, Rebecca. “Woman Leader Answers Critics.” Uganda Times 2 August 1979.

Keitetsi, China. Child Soldier. London: Souvenir Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Kellow, Tim. Women, Elections and Violence in West Africa: Assessing Women's Political Participation in Liberia and Sierra Leone. International Alert, 2010.Google Scholar

Kelly, Liz. “Wars against Women: Sexual Violence, Sexual Politics and the Militarised State.” States of Conflict: Gender, Violence and Resistance. Eds. Jacobs, S., Jacobson, R., and Marchbank, J.. London: Zed Books, 2000.Google Scholar

Kenworthy, Lane, and Malami, Melissa. “Gender Inequality in Political Representation: A Worldwide Comparative Analysis.” Social Forces 78.1 (1999): 235–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kindervater, Lisa. Seize the Day: Gender Politics in Liberia's Transition to Peace and Democracy. MA Dissertation, Dalhousie University, 2013.

Kiplagat, Bethuel. “Reaching the 1985 Nairobi Agreement. Protracted Conflict, Elusive Peace: Initiatives to End the Violence in Northern Uganda.” 2010.

Kitschelt, Herbert. “Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies.” British Journal of Political Science 16.1 (1986): 57–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kristof, Nicholas. “After Wars, Mass Rapes Persist.” New York Times 20 May 2009.

Krook, Mona. Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krook, Mona. “Reforming Representation: The Diffusion of Candidate Gender Quotas Worldwide.” Politics & Gender 2.3 (2006): 303–27.Google Scholar

Kumar, Krishna, ed. Women and Civil War: Impact, Organizations and Action. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001.Google Scholar

Kunovich, Sheri, and Paxton, Pamela. “Pathways to Power: The Role of Political Parties in Women's National Political Representation.” American Journal of Sociology 111.2 (2005): 505–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kwibuka, Eugene. “Gender Violence Law to Be Passed in Two Weeks.” New York Times 11 February 2009.

Lacy, Marc. “A Mother's Bitter Choice: Telling Kidnappers No.” New York Times 25 January 2003.

Ladu, Ismail Mus. “Uganda's First Female Bank Md Bows Out.” Daily Monitor 15 April 2014.

Lahai, John Idriss. “Gendered Battlefields: A Contextual and Comparative Analysis of Women's Participation in Armed Conflicts in Africa.” Peace & Conflict Review 4.2 (2010): 1–16.Google Scholar

Lake, Milli. Building the Rule of Law in Fragile States: The Role of External Actors in Shaping Institutional Responses to Mass Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa. PhD Dissertation, Political Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 2014.Google Scholar

Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 13.2 (2002): 51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liebling-Kalifani, Helen Jane. A Gendered Analysis of the Experiences of Ugandan Women War Survivors. PhD Dissertation, University of Warwick, 2004.Google Scholar

Lindberg, Staffan I. “Women's Empowerment and Democratization: The Effects of Electoral Systems, Participation and Experience in Africa.” Studies in Comparative International Development 39.1 (2004): 28–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Logan, Carolyn. “Selected Chiefs, Elected Councillors and Hybrid Democrats: Popular Perspectives on the Co-Existence of Democracy and Traditional Authority.” Journal of Modern African Studies 47.1 (2009): 101–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Longman, Timothy. “Rwanda: Achieving Equality or Serving an Authoritarian State?” Women in African Parliaments. Eds. Bauer, Gretchen and Britton, Hannah. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2006. 133–50.Google Scholar

Luciak, Ilja A.Conflict and a Gendered Parliamentary Response. UNDP Initiative on Parliaments, Crisis Prevention and Recovery, 2006.

Luciak, Ilja A., and Olmos, Cecilia. “The Guatemalan Peace Accords: Critical Reflections.” Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping. Eds. Mazurana, Dyan E., Raven-Roberts, Angela, and Parpart, Jane. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. 42–62.Google Scholar

Lueker, Lorna L. “Fighting for Human Rights: Women, War, and Social Change in Zimbabwe.” Instraw News 28 (1998): 34–44.Google Scholar

Lyons, Tanya. Guns and Guerrilla Girls: Women in the Zimbabwean National Liberation Struggle. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2004.Google Scholar

MacKenzie, Megan. “War Rape Is Not Declining.” Duck of Minerva 2012. Web. 15 November 2012.

Macauley, Cameron. “Women after the Rwandan Genocide: Making the Most of Survival.” Journal of ERW and Mine Action 171 (2013): 35–38.Google Scholar

Mahoney, James. “The Logic of Process Tracing Tests in the Social Sciences.” Sociological Methods & Research 41.4 (2012): 570–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mahoney, James. “Tentative Answers to Questions About Causal Mechanisms.” Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. 2003.

Mariano, Noreen. “Testimony 7.” Somalia–the Untold Story: The War through the Eyes of Somali Women. Eds. Gardner, Judith and El-Bushra, Judy. London; Sterling, VA: CIIR; Pluto Press, Catholic Institute for International Relations, 2004. 142–52.Google Scholar

Marques de Morais, Rafael. Diamantes De Sangue: Tortura E Corrupção Em Angola (Blood Diamonds: Torture and Corruption in Angola). Lisbon: Tinta da China, 2011.Google Scholar

Mason, Christina. “Women, Violence and Nonviolent Resistance in East Timor.” Journal of Peace Research 42.6 (2005): 737–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Massaquoi, William N.Women and Post-Conflict Development: A Case Study on Liberia. MA Dissertation in City Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007.Google Scholar

Matembe, Miria. Gender, Politics, and Constitution Making in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2002.Google Scholar

Matembe, Miria. “How Far Have the Women of Uganda Gone in Realising Their Rights.” 1991.

McKay, Susan. “Civil War's Painful Legacy for the Women of Liberia.” Irish Times (2009).

McKeon, Celia. “Civil Society: Participating in Peace Processes.” In People Building Peace II: Successful Stories of Civil Society. Eds. Tongeren, Paul van, et al. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005.Google Scholar

Medie, Peace. “Fighting Gender-Based Violence: The Women's Movement and the Enforcement of Rape Law in Liberia.” African Affairs 112.448 (2013): 377–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Medie, Peace. Police Behavior in Post-Conflict States: Explaining Variation in Responses to Domestic Violence, Internal Human Trafficking, and Rape. PhD Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2012.Google Scholar

Meena, Ruth. “The Politics of Quotas in Tanzania.” A paper presented at the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)/Electoral Institute of Southern Africa (EISA)/Southern African Development Community (SADC) Parliamentary Forum Conference “The Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences.” 2003.

Mehari, Senait. Heart of Fire: One Girl's Extraordinary Journey from Child Soldier to Soul Singer. London: Profile Books, 2008.Google Scholar

Meintjes, Sheila, Pillay, Anu, and Turshen, Meredeth. The Aftermath Women in Post-Conflict Transformation. London: Zed Books, 2002.Google Scholar

Messiant, Christine. “The Eduardo Dos Santos Foundation: Or, How Angola's Regime Is Taking over Civil Society.” African Affairs 100.399 (2001): 287–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (Uganda). “National Report on Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action (1995) and the Outcome of the Twenty Third Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly (2000) in the Context of the 20th Anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and the Adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 2015,” June 2014.

Mohamed, Faiza Jama. “Somali Women's Role in Building Peace and Security.” The ARRIA Formula Meeting On Women, Peace and Security, United Nations Security Council. 2000.

Moran, Mary. “Our Mothers Have Spoken: Synthesizing Old and New Forms of Women's Political Authority in Liberia.” Journal of International Women's Studies 13.4 (2012): 51–66.Google Scholar

Mortenson, Greg. Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace … One School at a Time. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.Google Scholar

Moser, Caroline N. O., and Clark, Fiona, eds. Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence. London and New York: Zed Books, 2001.Google Scholar

Mpoumou, Doris. “Women's Participation in Peace Negotiations: Discourse in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” The Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences. Stockholm: International IDEA, 2004.Google Scholar

Msimang, Sisonke. “The Backlash against African Women.” New York Times 10 January 2015.

Mueller, John. “War Has Almost Ceased to Exist: An Assessment.” Political Science Quarterly 124.2 (2009): 297-321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mugabe, Robert. An Opening Address by the President of Zanu (PF) Women's League Conference. March 15–17, 1984.

Muriaas, Ragnhild L., Tønnessen, Liv, and Wang, Vibeke. “Exploring the Relationship between Democratization and Quota Policies in Africa.” Women's Studies International Forum 41 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Muriaas, Ragnhild L., and Wang, Vibeke. “Executive Dominance and the Politics of Quota Representation in Uganda.” Journal of Modern African Studies 50.2 (2012): 309–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nduka-Agwua, Adibeli. “‘Doing Gender’ after the War: Dealing with Gender Mainstreaming and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Un Peace Support Operations in Liberia and Sierra Leone.” Civil Wars 11.2 (2009): 179–99.Google Scholar

Nilsson, Desirée. “Anchoring the Peace: Civil Society Actors in Peace Accords and Durable Peace.” International Interactions 38.2 (2012): 243–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nossiter, Adam. “Woman Chosen to Lead Central African Republic out of Mayhem.” New York Times 20 January 2014.

Nsambu, Hillary. “Laetitia Kikonyogo: A Lady of Many Firsts.” New Vision 8 January 2013.

Nyanzi, Peter. “Looking Back at 1985 Peace Talks and Why Nothing Came Out of Them.” Uganda Journal 19–25 December 2004.

O'Connell, Helen. “What Are the Opportunities to Promote Gender Equity and Equality in Conflict-Affected and Fragile States? Insights from a Review of Evidence.” Gender & Development 19.3 (2011): 455–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Odoki, Benjamin J.The Search for a National Consensus: The Making of the 1995 Uganda Constitution. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Press, 2005.Google Scholar

OECD-DAC. Aid in Support of Gender Equality in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States, 2010.

Ollek, Maya Oza. Forgotten Females: Women and Girls in Post Conflict Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Programs. MA thesis. McGill University, 2007.Google Scholar

Onyejekwe, C. J. “Women, War, Peace-Building and Reconstruction.” International Social Science Journal 57.2 (2005): 277–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ormhaug, C. M., Meier, O., and Hernes, Helga Maria. Armed Conflict Deaths Disaggregated by Gender. Oslo: PRIO; A Report for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2009.Google Scholar

Osman, Habiba. “Testimony 1.” Somalia–the Untold Story: The War through the Eyes of Somali Women. Eds. Gardner, Judith and El-Bushra, Judy. Sterling, VA: CIIR; Pluto Press; Catholic Institute for International Relations, 2004. 41–50.Google Scholar

Osman, H. “Women's Work in Peace: Lessons from Training Projects in the Horn of Africa,” Training to Promote Conflict Management, Ed. David Smock. Washington, DC: US Institute for Peace, 1999.

Otto, Dianne. “The Exile of Inclusion: Reflections on Gender Issues in International Law over the Last Decade.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 10.1 (2009): 11–26.Google Scholar

Pankhurst, Donna. “Post-War Backlash Violence against Women: What Can “Masculinity” Explain?” Gendered Peace: Women's Struggles for Reconciliation and Justice,. Ed. Pankhurst, Donna. Oxon: Routledge, 2007. 293–320.Google Scholar

Pankhurst, Donna. “The ‘Sex War’ and Other Wars: Towards a Feminist Approach to Peacebuilding.” Development in Practice 13.2/3 (2003): 154–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pankhurst, Donna. “Women and Politics in Africa: The Case of Uganda.” Parliamentary Affairs 55.1 (2002): 119–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pankhurst, Donna, and Pearce, Jenny. “Engendering the Analysis of Conflict: Perspectives from the South.” Women and Empowerment. Ed. Afshar, Haleh. London: Routledge, 1997.Google Scholar

Pasquali, Valentina. “Country Report: Angola: Moving Forward in Fits and Starts.” Global Finance Magazine 2 March 2014.Google Scholar

Pawson, Lara. “The 27th May in Angola: A View from Below.” Revista Relações Internationais 4 (2007).Google Scholar

Paxton, Pamela. “Women in National Legislatures: A Cross-National Analysis.” Social Science Research 26 (1997): 442–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paxton, Pamela, Hughes, Melanie M., and Green, Jennifer. “The International Women's Movement and Women's Political Representation, 1893–2003.” American Sociological Review 71.6 (2006): 898–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paxton, Pamela, Kunovich, Sheri, and Hughes, Melanie M.. “Gender in Politics.” Annual Review of Sociology 33 (2007): 263–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paxton, Pamela, Hughes, Melanie M., and Painter, Matthew. “The Difference Time Makes: Latent Growth Curve Models of Women's Political Representation.” European Journal of Political Research 49.1 (2010): 25–52.Google Scholar

Pearson, Elizabeth. Gender, Power, and Policymaking: Developing Gender-Based Violence Legislation in Rwanda. M.Phil. thesis, Oxford: University of Oxford, 2007.Google Scholar

Pearson, Elizabeth, and Powley, Elizabeth. Demonstrating Legislative Leadership: The Introduction of Rwanda's Gender-Based Violence Bill. The Initiative for Inclusive Security, 2008.Google Scholar

Pehrsson, Kajsa in in collaboration with Gabriela Cohen, Henda Ducados and Paulette Lopes. Angola Country Gender Analysis: Prepared for the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), Luanda, Angola, 2000.Google Scholar

Powley, Elizabeth. Strengthening Governance: The Role of Women in Rwanda's Transition. Women Waging Peace Policy Commission, 2003.Google Scholar

Powley, Elizabeth. Strengthening Governance: The Role of Women in Rwanda's Transition a Summary United Nations. Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women (OSAGI) Expert Group Meeting on “Enhancing Women's Participation in Electoral Processes in Post-Conflict Countries” 19–22 January 2004, Glen Cove: United Nations, 2004.Google Scholar

Pratt, Nicola, and Richter-Devroe, Sophie. “Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 13.4 (2011): 489–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Puechguirbal, Nadine. “Gender and Peacebuilding in Africa: Analysis of Some Structural Obstacles.” Gender and Peacebuilding in Africa. Eds. Rodríguez, Dina and Natukunda-Togboa, Edith. Ciudad Colón, Costa Rica: University for Peace, 2005.Google Scholar

Quinn, Michael, Mason, David, and Gurses, Mehmet. “Sustaining the Peace: Determinants of Civil War Recurrence.” International Interactions 32.2 (2007): 167–93.Google Scholar

Ranchod-Nilsson, Sita. “Gender Politics and the Pendulum of Political and Social Transformation in Zimbabwe.” Journal of Southern African Studies 32.1 (2006): 49–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reynolds, Andrew. “Women in the Legislatures and Executives of the World: Knocking at the Highest Glass Ceiling.” World Politics 51.4 (1999): 547–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reyntjens, Filip. “Constructing the Truth, Dealing with Dissent, Domesticating the World: Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” African Affairs 110.438 (2011): 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Römkens, Renée. “Law as a Trojan Horse: Unintended Consequences of Rights-Based Interventions to Support Battered Women.” Yale Journal of Law 13 (2001): 265–90.Google Scholar

Ross, Michael. “Oil, Islam, and Women.” American Political Science Review 102 (2008): 107–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubimbwa, Robinah. Uganda UNSCR 1325 Monitoring Report. Kampala, Uganda: CEWIGO, 2010.Google Scholar

Rwandan Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion. Violence against Women. Kigali, 2004.

Salhi, Zahia Smail. “The Algerian Feminist Movement between Nationalism, Patriarchy and Islamism.” Women's Studies International Forum 33 (2010): 113–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sambanis, Nicholas. “A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions in the Literature on Civil War.” Defense and Peace Economics 13.2 (2002): 215–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sanya, Samuel. “First Women's Commercial Bank Launched in Uganda.” New Vision 17 January 2014a.

Sanya, Samuel. “What Makes Allen Kagina Tick.” New Vision 25 October 2014b.

Schedler, Andreas. 2006. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar

Sewell, William H. Jr.Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Shaw, Elma. Redemption Road: The Quest for Peace and Justice in Liberia. Washington DC: Cotton Tree Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Shella, Kimberly. Interparty Competition, Political Risk, and the Decline of Women's Representation in Africa, in Annual European Political Science Association Annual Conference. Barcelona, Spain, 2013.Google Scholar

Shepherd, Laura J. “Power and Authority in the Production of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325.” International Studies Quarterly. 52.2 (2008): 383–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

SIGI Index, Social Institutions & Gender. “Angola.” 2014. Web. 15 July 2014.

Sinclair, Michael and Place, Janet eds. Women and Children in Southern Africa: An Introduction. Women and Children at Risk in Southern Africa. April 1, 1990. Southern Africa Grantmakers Affinity Group of the Council on Foundations.Google Scholar

Skidmore, Monique, and Lawrence, Patricia. Women and the Contested State: Religion, Violence, and Agency in South and Southeast Asia. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Smith, Dakota. “Spice Girls Power up for Pavarotti's Liberia Charity Show.” MTV News 10 April 1998.

Snyder, Anna. “Peace Profile: Federation of African Women's Peace Networks.” Peace Review 12.1 (2000): 147–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Snyder, Margaret. “Unlikely Godmother: The UN and the Global Women's Movement.” Global Feminism: Transnational Women's Activism, Organizing, and Human Rights Eds. Ferree, Myra Marx and Tripp, Aili Mari. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 24–50.Google Scholar

Snyder, Margaret. Women in African Economies: From Burning Sun to Boardroom. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2000.Google Scholar

Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo. Magnificent and Beggar Land: Angola Since the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Staunton, Irene. Mothers of the Revolution: The War Experiences of Thirty Zimbabwean Women. London: James Currey, 1990.Google Scholar

Steady, Filomina Chioma. Women and Leadership in West Africa: Mothering the Nation and Humanizing the State. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stedman, Stephen, Rothchild, Donald, and Cousens, Elizabeth M., eds. Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.Google Scholar

Steinberg, Donald. Beyond Words and Resolutions: An Agenda for UNSCR 1325. Chapter from the forthcoming book “Women and War: Power and Protection”, United States Institute of Peace, 2010a.

Steinberg, Donald. The United Nations and Women: Walking the Walk on Empowerment? Submission to the “Together for Transformation” Conference of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation's Women Peacemakers Program, The Hague, Netherlands, 2010b.Google Scholar

Steinberg, Donald. “Failing to Empower Women Peacebuilders: A Cautionary Tale from Angola.” PeaceWomen E-News 25 April 2007.

Stone, Lydia. “We Were All Soldiers’: Female Combatants in South Sudan's Civil War.” Hope, Pain & Patience: The Lives of Women in South Sudan. Eds. Bubenzer, Friederike and Stern, Orly. Auckland Park, South Africa: Fanele/Jacana Media, 2011.Google Scholar

Straus, Scott. “Wars Do End! Changing Patterns of Political Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa.” African Affairs 111.443 (2012): 179–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strickland, Richard, and Duvvury, Nata. Gender Equity and Peacebuilding: From Rhetoric to Reality: Finding the Way. Washington DC: International Center for Research on Women, 2003.Google Scholar

Swiss, Shana, et al. “Violence against Women During the Liberian Civil Conflict.” Journal of the American Medical Association 279.8 (1998): 625–29.Google ScholarPubMed

Sylvester, Christine. “Patriarchy, Peace, and Women Warriors.” Peace: Meanings, Politics, Strategies. Ed. Forcey, Linda Rennie. New York: Praeger, 1989. 97–112.Google Scholar

Tachou-Sipowo, Alain-Guy. “The Security Council on Women in War: Between Peacebuilding and Humanitarian Protection.” International Review of the Red Cross 92.877 (2010): 197–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tamale, Sylvia. When Hens Begin to Crow: Gender and Parliamentary Politics in Uganda. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Temmerman, Els. Aboke Girls: Children Abducted in Northern Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2001.Google Scholar

Tinde, Gry Tina. “Top United Nations Peacebuilders and Advocacy for Women, Peace, and Security.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 28.1 (2009): 140–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tønnessen, Liv. “Beyond Numbers? Women's 25% Parliamentary Quota in Post-Conflict Sudan.” Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development 17 (2011): 43–62.Google Scholar

Tønnessen, Liv, and al-Nagar, Samia. “The Women's Quota in Conflict Ridden Sudan: Ideological Battles for and against Gender Equality.” Women's Studies International Forum (2013).

Tripp, Aili Mari. Women's Political Participation in Sub-Saharan Africa, Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum, CPPF Working Papers on Women in Politics: No. 1. 2014. Social Science Research Council. http://webarchive.ssrc.org/working-papers/CPPF_WorkingPapers_WomenInPolitics_01_Tripp.pdf

Tripp, Aili Mari. Museveni's Uganda: Paradoxes of Power in a Hybrid Regime. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2010a.Google Scholar

Tripp, Aili Mari. “Legislating Gender Based Violence in Post-Conflict Africa,” Journal of Peacebuilding and Development. 5.3 2010b: 7–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tripp, Aili Mari. “Conflicting Agendas: Women's Rights and Customary Law in Africa Today,” Constituting Equality, Ed. Williams, Susan. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 173–94.Google Scholar

Tripp, Aili Mari. “Women and Democracy: The New Political Activism in Africa.” Journal of Democracy 12.3 (2001): 141–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tripp, Aili Mari. Women and Politics in Uganda. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Tripp, Aili Mari, and Kang, Alice. “The Global Impact of Quotas: On the Fast Track to Increased Female Legislative Representation.” Comparative Political Studies 41.3 (2008): 338–61.Google Scholar

Tripp, Aili Mari, and Casimiro, Isabel, Kwesiga, Joy, and Mungwa, Alice. African Women's Movements: Transforming Political Landscapes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Tryggestad, Torunn L. “The UN Peacebuilding Commission and Gender: A Case of Norm Reinforcement.” International Peacekeeping 17.2 (2010): 159–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turrittin, Jane. “Aoua Kéita and the Nascent Women's Movement in the French Soudan.” African Studies Review 36.1 (1993): 59–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turner, Tom. “Does Your Cell Phone Cause Rape?” Women's Leadership, Supporting Peace and Building Sustainable Livelihoods in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Region. Centre for Global Women's Studies, National University of Ireland, Mary Robinson Centre, and Georgetown Institute on Women, Peace and Security, 2014.Google Scholar

Turshen, Meredith. “Engendering Relations of State to Society in the Aftermath.” The Aftermath: Women in Post-Conflict Transformation, Eds. Meintjes, S., Pillay, A., and Turshen, M.. London: Zed Books, 2001.Google Scholar

Tvedten, Inge. Angola 2000/2001. Key Development Issues and the Role of NGOs. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2001.Google Scholar

Uganda Constitutional Commission. The Report of the Uganda Constitutional CommissionKampala, Uganda: Uganda Constitutional Commission, 1993.

Umutesi, Marie Béatrice. Fuir ou mourir au Zaïre: Le vécu d'une réfugiée Rwandaise. Mémoires Lieux De Savoir Archive Congolaise. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000.Google Scholar

UNIFEM. Celebrating 20 Years of Commitment to the World's Women, Annual Report. New York: UNIFEM, 1996.

UNIFEM. Engendering Peace: Reflections on the Burundi Peace Process. New York: UNIFEM, 2001.

United Nations Population Fund. Liberian Men and Women Unite to Fight Rape. 2006.

UN Women. Women's Participation in Peace Negotiations: Connections between Presence and Influence. 2012.

Urdang, Stephanie. ““Precondition for Victory”: Women's Liberation in Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau.” A Journal of Opinion 8.1 (1978): 25–31.Google Scholar

U.S. Department of State. Human Rights Report: Angola. 2013.

Viterna, Jocelyn, Fallon, Kathleen M., and Beckfield, Jason. “How Development Matters: A Research Note on the Relationship between Development, Democracy, and Women's Political Representation.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 49.6 (2008): 455–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waliggo, Rev. Fr. John Mary. “Did Women Get a Raw Deal?” Arise 17 (1996): 37–43.Google Scholar

Waliggo, Rev. Fr John Mary. “What Others Say.” Gender, Politics, and Constitution Making in Uganda. Ed. Matembe, Miria. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2002. 143–58.Google Scholar

Waller, Marguerite, and Rycenga, Jennifer, eds. Frontline Feminisms: Women, War, and Resistance. New York and London: Garland Publishing, 2000.Google Scholar

Walter, Barbara E.Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Walusimbe, Deo. “Brig Nalweyiso: I Can't Support Muhoozi When Museveni Points at Him.” The Monitor 1 December 2013.

Wang, Vibeke. Women's Substantive Representation in Uganda's Legislature. PhD Dissertation, University of Bergen, 2013a.Google Scholar

Wang, Vibeke. “Women Changing Policy Outcomes: Learning from Pro-Women Legislation in the Ugandan Parliament,” Women's Studies International Forum 41 (2013b): 113–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Watson, Catherine. “Uganda's Women: A Ray of Hope.” Africa Report July-August (1988).

Weinstein, Jeremy M.Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

White, Carolyn Day. The Role of Women as an Interest Group in the Ugandan Political System. MA thesis, Makerere University, 1973.Google Scholar

Whitman, Shelly. “Women and Peace-Building in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Assessment of Their Role in the Inter-Congolese Dialogue.” Southern African Universities Social Sciences Conference (SAUSSC). 2005.

Wiliarty, Sarah Elise. “Chancellor Angela Merkel — a Sign of Hope or the Exception That Proves the Rule?” Politics & Gender 4.3 (2008): 485–95.Google Scholar

Willett, Susan. “Introduction: Security Council Resolution 1325: Assessing the Impact on Women, Peace and Security.” International Peacekeeping 17.2 (2010): 142–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williams, Jody. “UK Summit on Sexualized Violence: ‘A Time Warp in the Wrong Direction’.” 2014. Web.

Williams, Korto R.Beyond Mass Action: A Study of Collective Organizing among Liberian Women Using Feminist Movement Perspectives. Capstone Collection: School for International Training, 2008.Google Scholar

Wilson, Woodrow. Address to the Senate. 30 September 1918.

World Bank. Africa Development Indicators: The Potential, the Problem, the Promise. Youth and Employment in Africa. 2008/09. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009.

Yacob-Haliso, Olajumoke. “Investigating the Role of Government Legislation and Its Implementation in Addressing Gender-Based Violence among Returnee Refugee Women in Liberia.” Wagadu 10 (2012): 132–49.Google Scholar

Yoon, Mi Yung. “Explaining Women's Legislative Representation in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29.3 (2004): 447–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zakaria, Fareed. “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy.” Foreign Affairs 76.6 (1997): 22–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zuckerman, Elaine, and Greenberg, Marcia. “The Gender Dimensions of Post-Conflict Reconstruction: An Analytical Framework for Policymakers.” Gender and Development 12.3 (2004): 70–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zziwa, Hassan Badru. “Women Soccer Should Be Supported.” Monitor 29 April– 1 May 1996: 15.